scholarly journals Immunologic mechanism of fungal keratitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1100-1106
Author(s):  
Rui-Bo Yang ◽  
◽  
Xiao-Xiao Lu ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Keratitis ◽  
Refractory Disease ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Eye Trauma ◽  
Reference Information ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Anti Fungal

Fungal keratitis (FK) is a refractory disease that poses a serious threat to vision, with common risk factors like eye trauma, contact lens wearing, topical corticosteroids and antibiotic abuse. Nowadays, topical and systemic anti-fungal drugs and ocular surgeries are still the main therapeutic modalities. However, the pathogenesis of FK, especially the immunologic mechanism within it, has not yet been deeply clarified. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of FK is imperative for more effective therapies and prognosis. Meanwhile, the immune protection strategies are also urgently required to manage FK. This review highlights recent advances in the immunologic mechanism in the pathogenesis of FK, in hope of providing valuable reference information for more effective anti-fungal treatment.

Successful management of postpneumonectomy Aspergillus pleural empyema by combined surgical and anti-fungal treatment with voriconazole and caspofungin

Mycoses ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 448-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bonatti ◽  
C. Lass-Floerl ◽  
K. Angerer ◽  
N. Singh ◽  
M. Lechner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Empyema ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Anti Fungal

scholarly journals Fungal pneumonia manifesting as cavitary lesions in a critically ill elderly patient

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1170-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Yixin Ma ◽  
Jieyu Wang ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Yaxin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Unsatisfactory Result ◽  
The Right ◽  
Systemic Infections ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Fluid Levels

Elderly patients with fungal pneumonia experience higher mortality and are more likely to be misdiagnosed. The diagnosis and treatment of fungal pneumonia in elderly patients is challenging. We herein present a clinical case of pulmonary fungal infection (PFI) manifesting as cavitary lesions in an 85-year-old male with multiple organ failure. Broad-spectrum antibiotics showed unsatisfactory result in this case. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest showed multiple pulmonary cavities with gas-fluid levels in the right upper and middle lobe, and patchy blurred shadows in the lower lobe. The diagnosis of fungal pneumonia was made after ruling out other causes of fever. The patient showed good response to anti-fungal treatment. Physicians must consider the possibility of fungal pneumonia in elderly patients who do not respond to antibiotic treatment after exclusion of immune response, tumor, tuberculosis, and other systemic infections.

scholarly journals Su1195 DIFFERENTIAL ANTIBIOTIC AND ANTI-FUNGAL TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS AND MULTIYEAR DISEASE SEVERITY IN IBD PATIENTS STRATIFIED BY ANTI-SACCHAROMYCES SEROLOGIC STATUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. S-538-S-539
Author(s):  
Debbie F. Cheng ◽  
Claudia Ramos Rivers ◽  
Filippos Koutroumpakis ◽  
Maaz Ahsan ◽  
Siobhan Proksell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Anti Fungal

scholarly journals Rare misdiagnosed case of penicilliosis marneffei in an immunocompetent patient

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 030006052095948
Author(s):  
Dan Cheng ◽  
Xuhong Ding
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Immunocompetent Patient ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Penicilliosis Marneffei ◽  
Anti Fungal

Background Penicilliosis marneffei is a rare disease caused by Talaromyces marneffei, which is endemic in Southeast Asian countries, and usually occurs in immunocompromised or immunodeficient hosts. We report an unusual misdiagnosed case of penicilliosis marneffei in an immunocompetent patient from a non-endemic area of China. Case presentation: A 59-year-old man presented to hospital with a cough and progressive hemoptysis for a 3-month period. Clinical characteristics, radiological abnormalities, and prognosis were analyzed. Detailed examinations, chest computed tomography, and bronchoscopy were performed. The patient was misdiagnosed as having lung cancer and provided anti-tumor treatment for 1 month in the early stage. Imaging and bronchoscopy showed a neoplasm in the basal segment in the left lung, but a tissue biopsy did not establish a diagnosis. He subsequently underwent lobectomy for the lesion. The final pathological diagnosis was penicilliosis marneffei based on immunohistochemical staining. He was then prescribed specific anti-fungal treatment of voriconazole 200 mg twice daily for 12 weeks. Conclusion Timely fungal culture and pathological examination of clinical specimens are critical for the diagnosis of penicilliosis marneffei, especially in non-endemic regions and immunocompetent patients.

Use of external ventriculostomy and intrathecal anti-fungal treatment in cerebral mucormycotic abscess

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1819-1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Grannan ◽  
Vijay Yanamadala ◽  
Andrew S. Venteicher ◽  
Brian P. Walcott ◽  
John C. Barr
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Anti Fungal

scholarly journals Neurological deterioration in a patient with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis initially improving on antifungal treatment: a case report of coincidental racemose neurocysticercosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Newton Kalata ◽  
Jayne Ellis ◽  
Laura Benjamin ◽  
Samuel Kampondeni ◽  
Peter Chiodini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Central Nervous System Infections ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Infected Woman ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Anti Fungal

Abstract Background Managing HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis (CM) can become challenging in the presence of concurrent unusual central nervous system infections. Case presentation A 58-year old HIV infected woman new ART starter, who was being treated effectively for cryptococcal meningitis, represented with worsening of neurological symptoms. Brain MRI revealed a multicystic lesion in the left temporal lobe. Anti-fungal treatment was escalated for a suspected cryptococcoma, but post-mortem CSF serological test confirmed racemose neurocysticercosis. Conclusion Patients with HIV-associated CM are highly immunocompromised and may have multiple pathologies simultaneously. In endemic countries, neurocysticercosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis where there is central nervous system deterioration despite effective therapy for CM.

scholarly journals Mucormycosis: A manifestation in COVID-19 infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Abhishek Sharma ◽  
Gulnaz Bano ◽  
Abdul Malik
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Vascular Invasion ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Underlying Condition ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Anti Fungal

Patients with COVID-19 may develop higher susceptibility to fungal co-infections. Mucormycosis is a rare and often life-threatening disease caused by vascular invasion by hyphae, leading to thrombosis and necrosis. Mucormycosis has been the cause of morbidity and mortality in transplant, ICU and immunodeficient individuals over a long period of time, but in India, a rapid increase in the number of cases seen in unexpected patients with Covid-19, which is a major concern. Covid-19 patients, already immunocompromised with underlying condition, had been exposed to severe Covid-19 infection and been using steroids, were at greater risk of developing mucormycosis. Out of ten cases reported by Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi India in December2020, five succumbed to mucormycosis. Another unique feature reported in mucor patients was age, most were elderly with ages between 45 to 60 years. The mortality rate is currently estimated at 50% in India. Symptoms such as nasal congestion, swelling of the eye or cheeks and dark brown crusts inside the nose should be reported immediately and anti-fungal treatment should be started.

scholarly journals Clinical profile of Tinea pseudoimbricata: an observational study from a tertiary care institution in western Maharashtra, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Kalyani Milind Deshmukh ◽  
M. S. Deora ◽  
Shrea Kapoor ◽  
Shreya R. Deoghare
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Topical Steroid ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Morphological Pattern ◽  
Steroid Abuse ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anti Fungal

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Topical steroid-modified tinea corporis and tinea cruris is on the rise due to the ease of availability of over-the-counter potent topical corticosteroid preparations and their inappropriate use, alters the true morphology of lesion. As there is paucity of literature about increasing prevalence and varied presentation of this condition, we aimed to study the clinical profile and dermoscopic features of <em>Tinea pseudoimbricata</em> due to topical steroid abuse. We present a case-series of 77 cases of a distinct morphological pattern with central erythematous, scaly, pruritic concentrically spreading plaques with raised and scaly borders known as <em>Tinea pseudoimbricata</em>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We evaluated 77 clinically diagnosed patients of <em>Tinea pseudoimbricata</em> with positive 10% potassium hydroxide examination and culture. Dermoscopy was performed in all patients. The demographic, clinical, and mycological features of each patient were recorded on a predesigned proforma.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There were 52 male and 25 female patients with a mean age of 28.66 and a mean disease duration of 7.6 months. There was a history of application of potent or super-potent topical steroid for varying durations. Culture isolates were <em>Trichophyton rubrum</em> species. Dermoscopic analysis showed features of steroid abuse.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Injudicious and inappropriate use of topical steroid causes <em>Tinea pseudoimbricata</em>; a special subset of tinea incognito, which is very common now a days. This should alert the dermatologist about the steroid abuse and requires systemic anti-fungal treatment for prolong time.</p>

Pseudomonas synergizes with fluconazole against Candida during treatment of polymicrobial infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siham Hattab ◽  
Anna Maria Dagher ◽  
Robert T Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Bacterial Antagonism ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Antimicrobial Effectiveness

Polymicrobial infections are challenging to treat because we don't fully understand how pathogens interact during infection and how these interactions affect drug efficacy. Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are opportunistic pathogens that can be found in similar sites of infection such as in burn wounds and most importantly in the lungs of CF and mechanically ventilated patients. C. albicans is particularly difficult to treat because of the paucity of antifungal agents, some of which lack fungicidal activity. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of anti-fungal treatment during C. albicans-P. aeruginosa co-culture in vitro and co-infection in the mucosal zebrafish infection model analogous to the lung. We find that P. aeruginosa enhances the activity of fluconazole (FLC), an anti-fungal drug that is fungistatic in vitro, to promote both clearance of C. albicans during co-infection in vivo and fungal killing in vitro. This synergy between FLC treatment and bacterial antagonism is partly due to iron piracy, as it is reduced upon iron supplementation and knockout of bacterial siderophores. Our work demonstrates that FLC has enhanced activity in clinically relevant contexts and highlights the need to understand antimicrobial effectiveness in  the complex environment of the host with its associated microbial communities.

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