Effectiveness of the use of hearing aids in the rehabilitation of patients with tinnitus: a systematic review

Introduction: Tinnitus is a symptom reported by the individual as a sound sensation, perceived in the ears or head, continuously or intermittently without external source of stimulation. This alteration has variable causes and may be associated with patients with hearing loss or normal hearing. Among main methods cited as treatment possibilities, hearing aids has been presented as a widely used resource. Objective: To carry out an integrative literature review on the effectiveness of hearing aids in rehabilitation of patients with tinnitus. Method: A search for articles was carried out in electronic databases: PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, Lilacs, Web of Science, with publication date from 2000 to 2020. Results: The sample consisted of 16 works where all concluded that somehow, in most cases, hearing aids associated or not with other resources used in treatment, contributes to a satisfactory result in improvement or disappearance of the symptom. Seven of sixteen articles related hearing aids to some type of guidance. The combination of these two factors could be considered an excellent combination as it favors the reduction of tinnitus sensation relatively quickly and efficiently. None of the articles analyzed showed an opposite or unsatisfactory result regarding its use.

ESTUDO DE VIABILIDADE TÉCNICA DA APLICAÇÃO DA ESCÓRIA GRANULADA DE ALTO-FORNO EM SUBSTITUIÇÃO AO AGREGADO MIÚDO NA COMPOSIÇÃO DO CONCRETO

The macro sector of the civil construction industry is a major consumer of natural resources and it generates impacts, identified as social, environmental or economic, and it is necessary to develop studies that aim to rationalize this raw materials consumption and reduce the impacts generated. Since some resources used in the sector are finite, this work’s main objective is to make the concrete more ecological by replacing part of the fine aggregate of its composition for granulated slag from the blast furnace, reducing the need for sand extraction. For this study, tests were carried out with the co-product and with the fine aggregate, evaluating the properties of the concrete in the fresh and hardened states in three mixture types, the first being a reference, the second with 30% replacement and the third with 60% replacement of fine aggregate with slag. Based on the results obtained, it is noted that the granulated blast furnace slag has more similar characteristics to the sand’s; in the fresh state, the concrete showed a similar result in the three mix types; in the hardened state, it was observed that the performance of the concrete in axial compression was satisfactory; while in flexion traction the two proposed mixtures with substitution presented an unsatisfactory result.

Improving Esthetic and Functional Outcomes of Severe Habsburg Jaw Using Modified Mandibular C-Osteotomies: A Case Report and Review of Literature

The hypoplastic mandible results in facial convergence and pseudo-prognathism. We present a patient with significant maxillary hypoplasia in both the vertical and sagittal dimensions resulting in a reverse occlusal plane. Given the significant maxillary movements required, particularly clockwise rotation, more traditional mandibular osteotomies resulted in an unsatisfactory result. A modified version to the classic “C” osteotomy with the use of surgical planning and cutting guides was performed. A review of the literature on this rarely discussed ramus osteotomy is also presented.

Blepharoplasty in Extensive Lower Eyelid Eversion of Severe III–IV Degree

Purpose. To analyze the efficacy of the lower eyelid eversions surgical treatment.Patients and Methods. We have analyzed the outcomes of treating patients with severe lower eyelid eversion during 2013–2019 — 153 patients, 156 operations. The patients were divided into 4 groups: atonic and paralytic eversion (109 eyes), traumatic tearing of the lower eyelid (8 eyes), cicatricial ectropion (28 eyes) and mechanical ectropion (in tumors) of the lower eyelid (11 eyes). The following surgeries were performed: duplicature surgery by Willer; by Kuhnt-Szymanowski; resection of the framework structure of the lower eyelid with fixation to the eyelid ligaments; implantation of various materials based on the orbital margin; sling to the eyelid ligaments; free skin plasty; local flaps; excision of tumors with one-stage reconstructive plastics.Results. Postoperatively the improvement was observed in all cases. The lower eyelid eversion was eliminated. There were no any complications. The efficacy criteria was the level of the eyelid margin height with regards to limbus, absence or reduction of lagophthalmus. “Good” result — symmetrical width of the eyelid fissure, absence of lagophthalmus was achieved in 100 % of cases in groups IA and II, in 28.12 % — in group IB, in 71.43 % — in group III, in 63.63 % — in group IV. “Satisfactory” result — the difference in the eyelid fissure width was 1.0–2.0 mm, absence or reduction of lagophthalmus was achieved in 65.62 % of cases in group IB, in 21.43 % — in group III, in 27.28 % — in group IV. “Unsatisfactory” result — the difference in the eyelid fissure width was more than 2.0 mm, the presence of lagophthalmus was achieved in 6.25 % of cases in group IB, in 7.14 % — in group III, in 3.33 % — in group IV.Conclusions. When operating the lower eyelid eversion it is possible to achieve good result. The pathogenically based combined methods of surgical treatment are the most effective. In case of traumatic tearing of the lower eyelid, we need to restore the lacrimal duct. In cicatricial ectropion it is possible to achieve engraftment of the skin graft, elimination of eversion and lagophthalmus. In mechanical eversion (due to eyelid tumors) it is necessary to perform radioexcision of the neoplasm with a single-stage reconstructive plastic surgery of the eyelid.

Introduction

In this introductory chapter I present a general overview of how prominent scholars have defined the terms free, freedom, slave and slavery. The exposé culminates in the unsatisfactory result that there are huge problems in finding a general and by all accepted definition for all of these terms. The discussion results in a conclusion that for a useful definition one has to include an economic, a social, as well as a cultural dimension.

Functioning of the institutions of the bar and notaries in Germany

This article deals with some features of an attorney and notary work in Germany. The main purpose of the article is to consider the functioning of the German institutions of the bar and notaries. The author emphasizes the possibility of combining advocacy and notarial activities in some regions of Germany, as well as the existence of the profession of "attorney-notary" in these regions. The article focuses on the procedure of passing state exams to become an attorney, describes in detail the procedure for conducting such exams, as well as the procedure of appointing German attorneys as notaries. According to current German law, state exams that give the right to become an attorney, a judge, a prosecutor, a notary can be taken only twice, and in case of an unsatisfactory result, you cannot become a practicing lawyer in Germany. In addition, German law has a different approach to the concept of an attorney from the Russian one. The article describes some aspects of the activities of German attorneys, as well as attorneys-notaries, and indicates the absence of a conflict of interest when combining advocacy and notarial activities. The author comes to the conclusion that the institutions of the legal profession and notaries in Germany function differently than in Russia, but despite the absence of the legislative possibility of combining advocacy and notarial activities in Russia, it is impossible to talk about their opposition.

Czy skutecznie docieramy do naszych słuchaczy? Badania na podstawie zajęć ze studentami Uniwersytetu Trzeciego Wieku prowadzonych w Muzeum UJ

Are we reaching our audience effectively? Research based on classes held at the Jagiellonian University Museum with third age university students Since 2015, the Jagiellonian University Museum has regularly partnered with the Jagiellonian University of the Third Age (JUTA) by organizing lectures for seniors on selected issues concerning the history and collections of the university. The author of this paper extensively surveyed the attendees to evaluate how much information they were able to remember. To illustrate the absorption of knowledge by seniors, the questionnaires were analyzed in terms of three questions: (1) Did most of the respondents obtain a positive (i.e. good or highly satisfactory) or negative (unsatisfactory) result? (2) Which result (unsatisfactory, good, or highly satisfactory) did the largest number of respondents achieve? (3) What was the ratio of unsatisfactory to highly satisfactory results? The questionnaires highlighted the strongest points of the program, but also its shortcomings. Based on them, we can conclude that the lectures make a lot of sense, enriching the JUTA students with knowledge bordering on popular science as well as specialist knowledge. An important benefit of the study is feedback for those preparing and delivering the lectures.

Evaluation of Physicochemical Parameters of Piroxicam 20 mg Tablets Commercially Available in District Larkana, Sindh

The objective of this study is to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of Piroxicam 20 mg Tablet brands. A comparative qualitative research study was conducted for a period of six months. A total of five different brands of active Piroxicam tablets were selected. All samples were purchased from various local markets of Larkana Sindh. These collected samples were coded as PIX01, PIX02, PIX03, PIX04 and PIX05 for minimalism. Specific physicochemical quality control lab tests included Aesthetic test, Diameter and Thickness test, Weight variation, Mechanical strength and Friability test were performed on each sample according to standards and results were compared. Packing of all samples was observed according to GMP guidelines. Data was analyzed by using statistical software SPSS 24.00. Most of the brands were within official limits of United State Pharmacopeia (USP) except brand PIX05 showing variation in hardness test, whereas two brands PIX03 and PIX05 fail in friability test as well as powder material seen inside of blisters in aesthetic test. Dissolution test for each brand of Piroxicam was performed in which PIX02, 04 and 05 failed. It was concluded that from this study after in vitro physical evaluation of various brands of Piroxicam tablets, most of the brands are being manufactured under compliance of GMP guidelines as well as specifications described under USP. Traces of powder material inside of blister in aesthetic test and unsatisfactory result in friability and hardness test in same brand indicating the deviation of GMP guidelines and USP specification which may cause the out of specification result in chemical test.

Effective Communication between College Teacher and Students in English Extensive Reading Classes

Effective communication is an important guarantee for the effectiveness of classroom teaching, and this is also true for the teaching of college English extensive reading courses. Effective communication depends on changing the roles of teachers and students in the teaching process at the right time - listener or speaker. Quite a lot of teachers are used to "speaking" knowledge or even skills to students in reading class, which not only kills the opportunity of communication between teachers and students, but also leads to the unsatisfactory result in classroom atmosphere and teaching effect. In fact, as long as the students are given confidence and patience, and the roles of teachers and students can be changed at any time according to the teaching content, effective communication can be achieved.

ENGLISH TRANSL ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF T TION OF TOURISM LEXEMES IN OURISM LEXEMES INTO UZBEK

Background. The article describes the concepts that have been formed in different cultures and entered into the terminology system, it is desirable to take them in their own national-private image, because tourism requires the reform of diversity and is built on the basis of diversity. Much of the active terminology of tourism in everyday life has been presented to the potential consumer through transcription and transliteration, and evidence has been cited. Methods. The most objective approach to the aspects of source-language culture is the "gloss", ie the technique of descriptive interpretation. This is because finding a functional alternative to a certain term takes a lot of work and sometimes ends in a completely unsatisfactory result. Neither transliteration nor transcription is always acceptable. But not all realities are so popular. In addition, the culture of the tourism terminology system is constantly expanding due to the languages of different peoples in the process of development.