scholarly journals Human fActor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
V.A. Soifer ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Human Actors

We live in the era of the fourth industrial revolution and the natural question to ask are: 'What is next? Who will play a leading role in the new digital world – artificial intelligence (AI) or the humans?' In the search for answers, we need to make a short trip back in history. Technological advances have always led to changes in the social and economic struc-ture: harnessing the power of water and steam, mankind leapt from the hunter society to the agricultural society. The discovery of the electric power and conveyers paved way for the transition to the industrial society. With electronic information technologies, we have found ourselves at the modern stage of development, which is information society. What is the next step? While Industry 4.0 was concerned with the automation of physical & technical processes, the latest trends of Society 5.0 are mostly oriented toward the automation of 'thinking' processes and the human collabora-tion with intelligent systems. Artificial intelligence and the universal 'digitalization' are intended to promote the achievement of the main goals – an increase in life expectancy, improvement of the quality of life, and the emergence of human 'actors' who create the intellectual property objects, which are then materialized by means of cyber-physical systems.

scholarly journals A14D

Federalism-E ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-79
Author(s):  
Mayowa Oluwasanmi
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
International Development ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Institutional Capacity ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Economic Dependency

In the forefront of the fourth industrial revolution is Artificial intelligence, better known as “AI.”  As a frontier technology, AI is implementing deep and far-reaching changes into the way we work, play and live. These tools present numerous opportunities in solving issues of international development. Yet in spite of its infallible potential,  the negative repercussions of AI driven change have become abundantly clear. These consequences will only be exacerbated in the Global South where there is a greater tendency for weak institutional capacity and governance. AI has the potential to threaten employment, human rights, democratic process and worsen economic dependency. The very nature of these tools--the ability to codify and reproduce patterns--must be met with responsible, ethical actors who ensure developmental goals will be met. Is AI4D the answer? This paper will illustrate the opportunities and risks of AI-driven development. I argue that technology can no longer be considered an inherent equalizer, and that the responsibility for fairness in the digital world must be championed by the international community. Finally, I will present possible steps policymakers can take to ensure true development in our data-driven future. 

SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF DIGITAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1215-1227
Author(s):  
S.V. Popova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Times

Scientific and technological progress in the post-industrial society makes it possible to improve the entire system of economic relations both nationally and globally. Today, the activities of the leading countries are inextricably linked with the development of information technologies. On their basis, the USA, Japan, Germany, Great Britain and other countries are actively involved in the process of digitalization of their economies, using the information and communication infrastructure as a foundation. Digital technologies are actively spreading in economic and social spheres (artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of things, wireless technology). The digital economy is becoming the basis for the development of the economic system. Very often the digital economy is seen as a sign of the fourth industrial revolution and the third wave of globalization. New opportunities for digitalization consist in gaining access to goods when the buyer needs it, thereby helping to save material and financial resources, space and time. The availability of many benefits affects the development of the behavioral economy, thereby linking it to the digital one. The era of high technologies and communications has highlighted the key points in favor of the development of the digital economy. However, this process is contradictory and its implementation requires a comprehensive analysis, since touches upon issues of a socio-economic nature. Digitalization can solve many problems, but it can also create the same number. These problems relate to the massive dissemination of digital technologies, the formation of human capital, the development of the labor market, as well as the moral and ethical side of human life and society. This is a new era in which not the whole society benefits, but a community of IT companies influencing fluctuations in the price of securities that constantly generate new stock speculations. It is clear that the transition of society to the digital economy is inevitable; this is an essential requirement of the times. The digital economy manifests in itself dialectical principles and the identification of the ambiguity of this phenomenon in economic reality determines its relevance, significance and the possibility of further development.

scholarly journals The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Technology and Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Jasmin Cowin
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Learning Networks ◽  
Design Assessment ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Personal Learning ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technological Advances

The convergence of data, computation, and globalization in education has far-reaching consequences for educational stakeholders, institutions, and learners. Terms such as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, artificial intelligence (AI), exponential technology, deep learning, personalized competency-based learning, and distributed ledger technology networks (DLTNs) are indicators of the changing dialogue between education stakeholders, businesses, and government aspirations on a global scale. Location-independent virtual environments promise an exponential expansion that goes beyond brick-and-mortar schools, colleges, and universities. AI and intelligent systems are poised to become global change agents in education, ushering in profound changes in administrative functions, strategic planning, data aggregation, student acquisition and retention, and alternative currencies, as well as curriculum design, assessment, personal learning networks, and global competitiveness generally of both institutions and their graduates. The quality of the education a nation's schools, educational institutions, and teachers provide, along with investments in science, technology engineering, and mathematics education, directly impact economic prosperity and global competitiveness. This paper explores some of the interdependencies that arise from supercharged technological advances such as AI augmented reality digital technologies (ARDTs) and DLTNs and their possible impact on education, educators, learners, and society. In addition, it unbundles the meaning and use cases of AI, ARDTs, and DLTNs in education.

scholarly journals Legal Awareness in a Digital Society

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-157
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Laptev ◽  
Vladimir Fedin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Cyberphysical Systems ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Digital Society ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Digital World

Our perception of reality depends on multiple factors, including the language of communication and the culture adopted by civil society. With the development of digital technologies, the methods for transferring information, traditions and cultural code between participants in public relations have undergone drastic changes. The emergence of the “digital layer” between the human consciousness and the outside world has resulted in a shift in our perception of the world since we now view it through the prism of the digital space. The use of artificial intelligence and global cloud data in the daily life of society requires special consideration. Our interaction with cyberphysical systems has dramatically affected our perception of immediate reality. The synthesis of human cognition and artificial intelligence is leading to an amalgamation of material and cyberphysical spaces, as a result of which objects of the digital world acquire material value, whereas material objects (works of art, music, books, etc.) get transformed into a digital code. This article examines societal trends in the development of digital technologies at the fourth stage of the industrial revolution (Industry 4.0). Here, we review the possible interpretations of the concept of “digital relations” and characterize the participants in such relations. Furthermore, we analyze the factors affecting the legal awareness of an individual and identify the essential characteristics of cognition in a digital society. We also consider the challenges currently facing the State and evaluate the prospects for the development and regulation of digital relations.

scholarly journals Palingenesis of Criminal Law in the Conditions of Digital Reality

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-159
Author(s):  
Evgeny Russkevich
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Digital Crime ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Criminal Legislation

The article proves that the influence of exponential and combinatorial technological changes has led to a crisis of criminal law, which is expressed in the inability to perform its basic functions due to the permanent and dynamic external environmental impact. The author identifies the following fundamental provisions that should be relied on when making decisions on the modernization of criminal law: the emergence of a new (informational) method of committing a crime does not a priori indicate that it is more dangerous than the traditional one, but in many respects indicates the problem of lag social control from the development of society and changes in crime; the adaptation of the norms of the criminal law to the conditions of the information society should not be associated with the construction of “digital twins” of traditional criminal law prohibitions; the introduction of appropriate amendments to the content of the norms is justified only in cases where the adaptive capacity of criminal legislation to manifestations of digital crime exhausts itself; the recognition of the use of information technologies as a qualifying feature of a crime in general must comply with the criteria for differentiating criminal liability justified in science. The article separately substantiates that the emergence of a “digital personality” will complete the beginning of the transition from the traditional criminal law of the industrial society of the 20th century towards the criminal law of the digital world of the 21th century (criminal law 2.0). First of all, this is due to the fact that artificial intelligence and “digital personality” will fundamentally change the scope of criminal law protection.

scholarly journals CYBERSECURITY OF THE BANKING SYSTEM AND ETHICAL RULES OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN A MAN AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: ON THE NEED FOR CO-EXISTENCE

Banking law ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Anna V. Popova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Stage Of Development

The author of the article, based on comparative analysis legal regulations and scientific literature in the field of cybersecurity, comes to the conclusion that at the present stage of development of economic relations, there is an urgent need to establish ethical standards for human interaction and automated intelligent systems based on artificial intelligence. The article analyzes the concept of cybersecurity in its difference from information security; positive and negative features of the use of AI in the banking sector of the economy. The article focuses on social engineering in preventing cyber threats and offers a list of ethical principles in their content constant.

scholarly journals Implementing a South African E-Dispute Resolution System For Consumer Disputes

Obiter ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-395
Author(s):  
Sershiv Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
South African ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Online Dispute Resolution ◽  
Consumer Protection Act ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Resolution System ◽  
Dispute Resolution System

In the 1990s, online dispute resolution became more prevalent with the growth of the Internet and its accompanying issues. Yet despite the apparent advantages of online dispute resolution platforms, South Africa has lagged behind in using such a system for consumer disputes. It has become necessary to appeal for the use of an online system since courts are often too costly and backlogged with other disputes; and existing consumer mechanisms found in the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 have proved to be ineffectual. With the expansion of artificial intelligence and South Africa now entering the Fourth Industrial Revolution, it is evident that reforms to consumer laws may be necessary to keep up with technological advances, as well as to expedite consumer disputes. The use of an online dispute resolution system powered by artificial intelligence may prove beneficial in South Africa. This article argues for the implementation of an e-dispute resolution system similar to eBay’s online Resolution Center.

Curricula and Employability: An Empirical Study on Tertiary Level Students of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Md. Ashraful Islam Khan ◽  
Md. Abid Hassan Mojkury
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Continuous Innovation ◽  
Graduate Employability ◽  
Educational Migration ◽  
The Right

Aim: The continuous innovation of information technologies accelerates the global economic development. The recent development of artificial intelligence and machine learning theory are not only through a big challenge to the graduates to enter to the job market but also all the stakeholders of entire knowledge economy to stay in the right track for better future. To develop graduates' professionalism with strong foundation of adequate skills are pivotal to meet the future challenges of fourth industrial revolution and artificial intelligence. The aim of the study is to assess the perception and attitude of graduate students regarding future employability in the context of their curriculum. Data from 750 tertiary level students are collected purposively by direct interview method. A questionnaire is designed based the study aim with suitable well-structured closed ended questions. Methodology: A five-point Likert scale is considered to measure the opinion and attitude towards future employability and curricula. Descriptive statistical techniques are used for basic comparisons while Chi-square test is appointed to assess the significance of different determinants to the graduates opinions and attitudes. Results: We found graduates average age 22.39 years with small standard deviation 1.55. Most of the respondents (66.5%) belonging to bellow average income group. A clear educational migration observed in secondary to higher secondary education level. Very unexpected response observed when we asked students regarding their curricula for employability. 9.33% respondents think that the curricula is not important and 35.2% think curricula as least important. Significant impact of students gender, age and place of higher secondary level education place observed on their opinion regarding curricula for future employability. Conclusion: The growing literature on graduate employability suggest that the role of tertiary level educational institutions, the curricula planners and the policy makers fostering graduate employability over the globe. This article endows with a comprehensive analysis of graduates' attitude towards employability. We hope that this study will contribute to promote graduate employability.

Information Technologies and Social Change

2018 ◽  
pp. 4715-4722
Author(s):  
Muhammet Ali Köroğlu ◽  
Cemile Zehra Köroğlu
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Information Science ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Globalized World

There are turning points in human history changed the destiny of humanity: Representing the transition from hunting-gathering to agriculture, Agricultural Revolution or the Neolithic Revolution. French Revolution that took place in 18th century and the Industrial Revolution providing the transition from the agricultural economy to industrial economy. From 19th century, Information Revolution, the whole world has experienced the effects of it in varying degrees. Information Science and technologies have become areas that their communities give the greatest importance for them and they make maximum investments to them in the globalized world conditions. As Daniel Bell describes, Industrial society left its place to Post-industrial society which is an Information society in a sense.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence, robotics and eye surgery: are we overfitted?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Müller G. Urias ◽  
Niravkumar Patel ◽  
Changyan He ◽  
Ali Ebrahimi ◽  
Ji Woong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Graphics Processing Units ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Retinal Surgery ◽  
Eye Surgery ◽  
Physiological Limits ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Technological Advances

AbstractEye surgery, specifically retinal micro-surgery involves sensory and motor skill that approaches human boundaries and physiological limits for steadiness, accuracy, and the ability to detect the small forces involved. Despite assumptions as to the benefit of robots in surgery and also despite great development effort, numerous challenges to the full development and adoption of robotic assistance in surgical ophthalmology, remain. Historically, the first in-human–robot-assisted retinal surgery occurred nearly 30 years after the first experimental papers on the subject. Similarly, artificial intelligence emerged decades ago and it is only now being more fully realized in ophthalmology. The delay between conception and application has in part been due to the necessary technological advances required to implement new processing strategies. Chief among these has been the better matched processing power of specialty graphics processing units for machine learning. Transcending the classic concept of robots performing repetitive tasks, artificial intelligence and machine learning are related concepts that has proven their abilities to design concepts and solve problems. The implication of such abilities being that future machines may further intrude on the domain of heretofore “human-reserved” tasks. Although the potential of artificial intelligence/machine learning is profound, present marketing promises and hype exceeds its stage of development, analogous to the seventieth century mathematical “boom” with algebra. Nevertheless robotic systems augmented by machine learning may eventually improve robot-assisted retinal surgery and could potentially transform the discipline. This commentary analyzes advances in retinal robotic surgery, its current drawbacks and limitations, and the potential role of artificial intelligence in robotic retinal surgery.

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