scholarly journals Poverty Alleviation Programme and Poverty Reduction in Anambra State. Evidence from Women Business Ownership

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-229
Author(s):  
Joan N. Ozoh ◽  
Amaka G. Metu ◽  
Chukwuka Stephen M. ◽  
Chinwe Madueke
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Good Health Care ◽  
Care System

The fight against poverty is one of the key components of the development of any country. If the percentage of poor people is high, there will be slow development. The government policies and program such as YOUWIN, Better Life is aimed at encouraging entrepreneurship and supporting women into business. Despite these efforts, poverty incidence still increases among women in micro business. This study examined government alleviation programs and dimension of poverty among women into micro business in Anambra state, Nigeria. It is a descriptive survey research. Probability and non- probability sampling technique were employed in which the samples were drawn using multi-stage sampling and purposive sampling technique. Questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square and Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). The findings of this study showed that most women participating in micro business are not aware of poverty reduction programs and do not have access to such programs. The study also found out that most of the women still experience hardship, no access to infrastructure, no good health care system and low standard of living which indicates that poverty has not reduced. The study recommended among others that the government should target its reduction policies towards the multidimensional indicators (good infrastructure, good health care system etc.) of poverty in order to eradicate poverty.

scholarly journals How does the pharmaceutical industry influence prescription? A qualitative study of provider payment incentives and drug remunerations in hospitals in Shanghai

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Medical Department ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Provider Payment ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Government ◽  
Funding Pressure ◽  
Care System

AbstractOver-prescription has become one major problem in China’s health care sector. Incorporating interview data from hospitals in Shanghai, this paper provided empirical evidence on how the process of over-prescription was carried out in day-to-day clinical settings, and demonstrates various mechanisms that allow over-prescription to continue vigorously in the context of the Chinese health care system. In particular, this study identified four levels of incentives that over-prescription was carried out: hospital, medical department, doctors and pharmaceutical companies. Due to the insufficient funding from the government and rising operational costs, hospitals had to rely on the sales of drugs and provision of medical services to survive. This funding pressure then transferred to specific revenue targets for medical departments. A combination of incentives, including drug remunerations, bonus system, low pay and high workloads motivated over-prescription at doctor level. At pharmaceutical company level, high profits of pharmaceuticals products as well as lack of emphasis on efficacy of drugs led to under-table payments and illicit drug remunerations. The study argued that the way that the Chinese health care system operates was based on the profit-seeking principle rather than on fulfilling its social functions, and called for a systematic reform of provider incentives to eradicating the problem of over-prescription.

scholarly journals A study on the knowledge, attitude & perspectives of final year students of bachelor of pharmacy programme in Malaysian Universities towards the implementation of the separation of drug prescribing & dispensing activity in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santhanathan S Rajendram ◽  
Muhamad Danial Muhamad Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Learning ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The Government ◽  
Care System

Dispensing separation in Malaysia has been a widely discussed topic among the medical fraternity. It is a highly sensitive topic as it involves both professional and economic considerations for doctors, pharmacists, and the general public. There has been no decision made thus far but the discussion is ongoing, making a study on this topic very relevant. The subjects of this study, final year students of Bachelor of Pharmacy Programme in Malaysian universities, are chosen to reflect their awareness, preparedness, and knowledge on dispensing separation, which will affect their future in the pharmacy profession. The study was conducted among all 20 Public and Private Institutions of Higher Learning recognized by the Pharmacy Board, Malaysia. This was a cross-sectional study design, and data was collected using a convenience sampling method. The research instrument was an online questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire covers the demographic information about the respondent, like name, age, gender, and institution. The second part covers the knowledge, awareness and perspectives of respondents towards the implementation of the separation of prescribing and dispensing activities in Malaysia. The final part of the survey focuses on suggestions or problems arising. There were 126 respondents to the survey, way above the 96 respondents needed to make the survey valid. The majority of them are aware of and understand the dispensing separation. Most of them agree that the government should legalize the dispensing separation activities as they believe pharmacists are more knowledgeable and better equipped to dispense drugs. The majority of them believe by implementing dispensing separation, the health care system will be better optimized, and the service will be better. They also believe that patients can accept and adapt to the role of the pharmacist in dispensing medication. The majority of them also agree that the price of medicine will be lowered by the implementation of dispensing separation. Based on the study, these students who are future pharmacists are very knowledgeable on the dispensing separation issue. They believe strongly that the implementation of dispensing separation in Malaysia will bring more beneficial changes to the health care system. The patients will also benefit from this. With such a positive attitude, the implementation of dispensing separation in Malaysia could be imminent  

SOA Designed Health Care System for Taiwan Government

2012 ◽  
pp. 643-669
Author(s):  
Jun-Bin Shi ◽  
Shu-Fen Yang ◽  
Tsung-Jen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
The Government ◽  
Care System

SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) is gaining popularity in becoming the mainstream in corporate integrated applications in recent years. However, at the early stage of proposal for SOA, due to the lack of a completion in relevant standards and infrastructure, corporations still need to evaluate the effect and risks involved in investment for SOA. For this reason, the introduction for SOA among corporations becomes relatively conservative. In contrast to the conservation projected by corporations at the initial stage, the government agents took position in promoting SOA and developing e-Government, who were the forerunners first committed in the integration of SOA applications.

Mohalla Clinics in Delhi: A Preliminary Assessment of their Functioning and Coverage

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taniya Sah ◽  
Rituparna Kaushik ◽  
Neha Bailwal ◽  
Neisetuonuo Tep
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Geographical Access ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Minor Ailments ◽  
The Government ◽  
Major Section ◽  
Care System

The Government of Delhi introduced the policy of Mohalla Clinics in 2015 in order to improve its health care system. It was aimed at providing primary health care to people in their neighbourhood, with a particular focus on people residing in poor localities of Delhi. This article seeks to assess the role of Mohalla Clinics in the urban health care system. Based on a primary survey conducted in various areas of Delhi, we find that these clinics have helped in easing the pressure on tertiary care hospitals by providing treatment of minor ailments within the vicinity of neighbourhood. Overall, people positively endorse this initiative which contributed to a decline in out-of-pocket expenditure on medicines and tests. We find that Mohalla Clinics are ensuring better geographical access to health services by reducing time in commuting and waiting. Their scope, however, can be further broadened by introducing provisions for pregnant and lactating women, who constitute a major section of the patients visiting these clinics.

scholarly journals Regulations of the Health Care System facing climate change in Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania C. López-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
Care System

Climate change poses a major challenge for all nations before the increasing alteration of the natural dynamics of the planet by human activities, since it has a social, economic and health impact on the population. It has been scientifically proven that climate change may originate and even make worse many diseases and health problems, this situation has led to take actions and implement public policies to address the issue in Mexico. This document presents a review of the legal and regulatory frameworks implemented by the Government of Mexico, focusing on the health care system to deal with the effects of climate change. This situation reveals the need to carry out more research on the subject, due to the wide variety of repercussions for the population’s health. To broaden the knowledge and the generation of scientific evidence, allows a better design of laws, strategies and programs before implementing policies in the country.

scholarly journals Book Review: The Australian health care system

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Gary Day
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Workforce ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
The Future ◽  
Reflective Questions ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Care System

THIS IS THE THIRD edition of one of the seminal local texts on the Australian health care system. Over the last seven years, this text has proved a basis for helping students, casual readers and health professionals understand Australia?s sometimes difficult to understand health care system. The text is divided into ten chapters that deal with key aspects of Australia?s health care system, namely: � Frameworks for analysis � The Australian population and its health � Financing health care � The health workforce � Departmental and intergovernmental structures � Hospitals � Public health � Primary and community care � Pharmaceuticals � Policy challenges for the Australian health care system. There are several key reasons why this text has been widely used in the past and will continue to be of value well into the future. The author has been able to accurately describe the complexities of the Australian health care system in an easily digestible way. This is a feat in itself and worthy of praise. There is an appropriate use of tables and figures to support the written content. Finally, the author provides excellent conclusions that bring together the salient points and issues in each chapter. The publisher promotes that this edition includes new material on health workforce, patient safety and medical and health insurance. The Australian health care system delivers on this claim, providing useful insights and a deeper understanding of the issues that confront the future direction and delivery of health services in this country. This text is a useful addition to any library as well as a staple for students needing to more clearly understand the complexities and challenges of the Australian health care system. My only suggestion is that the text could have been enhanced by the inclusion of revision or reflective questions at the end of each chapter. In summary, a must-have as part of a good health-related library.

scholarly journals Pharmacy Practice Scenario and Job Satisfaction among Nepalese Pharmacists

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Dharma Prasad Khanal ◽  
Bishwo Raj Dhungana ◽  
Naresh Kadyat
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
National Health ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Pharmacy Education ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
National Health Care ◽  
The Government ◽  
Care System

Background:This is an effort just snapshot the pharmacy practice scenario in Nepal. Job satisfaction is a very important contributing factor for person’s productivity and motivation. Pharmacists are the key players of the health care system. The main objective find out the present scenario of pharmacy practice and job satisfaction of Nepalese pharmacists. We start our approach from the demographic information, choice and selection of the pharmacy education, study site, practicing site, duration of work, expected and real salary of practicing pharmacists. Methods:A practice scenario and job satisfaction related questionnaires were developed and pilot test was done with ten pharmacy practitioners who were practicing from more than ten years in Nepal for reliability. Minor modification on questionnaires was done after pilot testing. Ethical clearance was taken from the MMIHS –IRC. Results:Male pharmacists are dominating to female. The satisfaction level of Nepalese pharmacist was found to be 73.60%. Similarly, around 73.10% of pharmacists were satisfied with nature of work and 71.60% of pharmacists were satisfied with the time duration of work whereas nearly half of the pharmacists were unsatisfied with their income and pay scale. Conclusion: Till date pharmacist is not the permanent member of health care system in Nepal. 70 % pharmacists are highly productive stage of between ages 20-30 years. The inherent interest in the pharmacy profession found among Nepalese pharmacists is an optimistic and policy-makers could develop, modifying national health policy for the implementation of pharmaceutical service as an integral part of national health care system of the country for the benefit of the public health as a whole. The Government and other authorities have to consider for a universal, multifaceted measure of satisfaction not merely the salary benefits.

scholarly journals Public opinion about the health care system in Armenia: findings from a cross-sectional telephone survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsovinar Harutyunyan ◽  
Varduhi Hayrumyan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Equal Access ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Political Environments ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Care System

Abstract Background Few studies have examined public opinion about the health care system in the former Soviet region. The objective of our study was to evaluate the population’s satisfaction with the health care system and identify factors associated with it in Armenia. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional telephone survey among 576 adult residents of the capital Yerevan using Random Digit Dialing technique. Simple and multivariate logistic regression explored associations between potential determinants and satisfaction. Results A substantial proportion of respondents (45.5%) were dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with the health system. About 49% of respondents negatively evaluated the ability of the system to provide equal access to care. About 69% of respondents thought that the responsibility for an individual’s health should be equally shared between the individual and the government or that the government’s share should be larger. The adjusted odds of satisfaction were higher among individuals with better health status, those who positively rated equal access and respect to patients in the system, those thinking that the responsibility for health should be equally shared between the individual and the government, and those who tended to trust the government. Conclusions This study enriched our understanding of factors that shape the population’s satisfaction with the health care system in different cultural and political environments. We recommend further exploration of public opinion about those system attributes that are not directly linked to patient experiences with care, but might be equally important for explaining the phenomenon of satisfaction.

scholarly journals Understanding complexities in the uptake of indigenously developed rapid point-of-care diagnostics for containment of antimicrobial resistance in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. e006628
Author(s):  
Monica Sharma ◽  
Raman R Gangakhedkar ◽  
Sanjay Bhattacharya ◽  
Kamini Walia
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Rapid Diagnostics ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
The Government ◽  
Funding Opportunities ◽  
Care System

A good point-of-care diagnostic test holds a promise to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics by enabling early detection of the pathogen and facilitating rapid testing of antimicrobial susceptibility. India has taken many initiatives in the recent past to augment the development and deployment of diagnostics in Indian health care system. Funding opportunities to promote innovation in diagnostics development were started in early 2000s through various ministries and departments. India released National Essential Diagnostics List which enlists essential tests and there is now Free Diagnostics Service Initiative of Government of India under National Health Mission that mandates to provide all essential tests free of cost. We wanted to understand how these initiatives have impacted the diagnostics that could be of use in containment of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and whether there is a smooth process for bringing indigenously developed products relevant to AMR into the healthcare system. We conducted a longitudinal survey (January 2019 and January 2021) to understand the availability of market ready indigenous rapid diagnostics for AMR in the country and their progress towards introduction in the private market or uptake in healthcare system. We found that many innovators and developers are working towards development of rapid tests that can be useful in the containment of AMR in India. While there are many promising diagnostics on the horizon, the pathway for uptake of indigenously developed diagnostics in healthcare system remains disjointed and needs to be harmonised for the investments made towards development to translate as tangible gains. Since most of these efforts are government funded, it is incumbent upon the government to also provide a seamless pathway to make these diagnostics available in health care system. In absence of this guidance, most of these diagnostics will sit with the innovators/developers and will never be used for the purpose they were intended to serve.

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