scholarly journals Interpreting Neonatal Growth Parameters in Oman: Are we doing it right?

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Reem M. Abdulrahim ◽  
Ahmed B. Idris ◽  
Asad Ur-Rahman ◽  
Mohamed Abdellatif ◽  
Nigel Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Full Term ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
Growth Charts ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Males And Females

Objectives: This study aimed to compare reference anthropometric measures of Omani neonates with the international standard growth charts of the World Health Organization (WHO) in order to determine the appropriateness of these growth charts to assess the growth of Omani neonates. Methods: This cross-sectional study included all healthy full-term Omani neonates born between November 2014 and November 2015 at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman. Birth weight, length and head circumference measurementswere identified and compared to those of the 2006 WHO growth charts. Results: A total of 2,766 full-term neonates were included in the study, of which 1,401 (50.7%) were male and 1,365 (49.3%) were female. Mean birth weightsfor Omani males and females were 3.16 ± 0.39 kg and 3.06 ± 0.38 kg, respectively; these were significantly lower than the WHO standard measurements (P <0.001). Similarly, the mean head circumferences of Omani males and females (33.8 ± 1.27 cm and 33.3 ± 1.26 cm, respectively) were significantly lower than those reported in the WHO growth charts (P <0.001). In contrast, mean lengths for Omani males and females (52.0 ± 2.62 cm and 51.4 ± 2.64 cm, respectively) were significantly higher than the WHO standard measurements (P <0.001). Conclusion: The WHO growth charts might not be appropriate for use with Omani neonates; possible alternatives should thereforebe considered, such as national growth charts based on local data.

scholarly journals Obesity Management in Primary Health Care: Front-Line Providers’ Experiences and Views

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatem Al-Saadi ◽  
Haya Malallah ◽  
Jameela Al-Saadi ◽  
Narjis ALsheala ◽  
Abdullah Al- Balushi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Obesity Management ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Survey Participant

As in the rest of the world, obesity in Oman has increased and according to World Health Organization (WHO) data, prevalence of obesity in 2008 and 2016 were 20.9% and 27% respectively. This study explores primary care physicians’ current strategies and management of obesity, attitude and perceptions towards obesity, educational needs, and their views on long-term follow up. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted where practicing family medicine physicians from different governorates were invited to participate in an online questionnaire-based survey. Participant were invited via email and responses were kept anonymous. Responses were collected over three weeks in April 2019 and only responses that met inclusion criteria were analyzed with SPSS v22. Results: 77 complete responses met inclusion criteria and female were the majority (67.5%). Half of participants had less than 10 years of experience. Weight and BMI were recorded routinely by two-thirds of participants whereas waist- hip ratio was recorded by only 12%. Weight reduction medications were prescribed by 5.2% and 24% would refer an obese patient to Bariatric center. Main barrier to obesity management and referral was inadequate obesity specialist centers followed by short consultation times. The pathophysiology mechanism of obesity and related hormones was only known by 40.8%. Almost all participants agreed that formal obesity management training should be integrated as part of residency training. Conclusion: Despite the significant number of comorbidities related to obesity and its complications, weight, BMI and other anthropometric measures were not routinely performed. Nationally, the rate of referral to bariatric centers for evaluation is low. Boundaries and challenges do exist and need to be addressed. Obesity and weight management need to be integrated as part of Family Physicians Training Program.

scholarly journals Attitudes Towards and Compliance with the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist in China: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Tan ◽  
James Reeves Mbori Ngwayi ◽  
Zhaohan Ding ◽  
Yufa Zhou ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surgical Safety Checklist ◽  
Surgical Safety

Abstract Background: Ten years after the introduction of Chinese Ministry of Health (MoH) version of Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC) we wished to assess the ongoing influence of the World Health Organisation (WHO) SSC by observing all three sections during elective surgical procedures in China, as well as to survey operating room staff more widely about the WHO SSC.Methods: A questionnaire was designed to gain authentic views on the WHO SSC. We also conducted a prospective cross-sectional study at five level 3 hospitals. Local data collectors were trained to document specific item performance. Adverse events which delayed the operation were recorded as well as the professionals leading or participating in the three SSC phases.Results: A total of 846 operating room professionals from 138 hospitals representing every mainland province responded to the survey. There was widespread acceptance of the checklist and its value in improving patient safety. 860 operations were observed for SSC compliance. Overall compliance was 79.8%. The ‘time-out’ phase compliance in surgeon-dependent items reduced when it was nurse-led (p<0.0001). WHO SSC interventions which are omitted from the MoH SSC continued to be discussed over half the time. Overall adverse events rate was 2.7%. One site had near 100% compliance in association with a circulating inspection team which had power of sanction.Conclusion: The WHO SSC remains a powerful tool for patient safety in China. Changes in behaviour for nurses (assertiveness) and surgeons (teamwork) could improve compliance. Random checks of compliance may have merit.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status in Postmenopausal Females in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shatha Alharazy ◽  
Eman Alissa ◽  
Adeel Chaudhary ◽  
Susan Lanham-New ◽  
M. Denise Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Jeddah City ◽  
King Abdulaziz University

AbstractVitamin D (vitD) deficiency is highly prevalent in the Middle East (including Saudi Arabia) despite the abundance of sunlight. Older individuals in particular are at high risk of being vitD deficient. VitD binding protein (DBP), which acts as a carrier of vitD and its metabolites, has been reported to influence vitD status. In our study we aimed to investigate vitD status among postmenopausal women and its relation to DBP. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Seventy six postmenopausal females (age ≥ 50 years) who were not taking vitD supplementation and who were resident in Jeddah city, were randomly recruited from internal medicine clinics at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, lifestyle history, dietary vitD intake and fasting blood samples were obtained from all study participants. Serum total 25 hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D), DBP, albumin, parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate, magnesium and metabolic bone parameters were analysed. VitD deficiency was defined as serum total 25(OH)D level below 30 nmol/L. The mean (± SD) serum level of total 25(OH)D was 46.9 ± 28.9 nmol/L with 36 % of the study population being vitD deficient. Although non-significant, the vitD deficient group had lower DBP and higher dietary vitD intake levels when compared with those with serum vitD > 30nmol/L. In addition, DBP was inversely correlated with vitD dietary intake (r = -0.233, P = 0.046). In conclusion, vitD deficiency is highly prevalent among postmenopausal women living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Intake of a vitD rich food seems to be associated with low DBP levels. Genetic polymorphisms in DBP will be studied in the future to find out a possible explanation for the differences in vitD status and DBP between individuals as well as the concomitant relationship between dietary vitD intake, DBP and serum 25(OH)D levels.

scholarly journals Hand hygiene knowledge, perception and practice of healthcare workers in a Turkish university hospital intensive care unit

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (08) ◽  
pp. 744-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uluhan Sili ◽  
Pinar Ay ◽  
Huseyin Bilgin ◽  
Seyhan Hidiroglu ◽  
Volkan Korten
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: While improvement of hand hygiene (HH) compliance is considered as the best approach to reduce healthcare-associated infections, the instructional interventions in HH among healthcare workers of intensive care unit (ICU) of our hospital was not successful enough. The following study was conducted to evaluate HH knowledge, perception, practice and effectiveness of the trainings among healthcare workers of ICU in our hospital. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the ICU containing 8 medical and 16 surgical beds with 284 filled questionnaires about HH knowledge and 1187 observed opportunities for HH compliance. Results: Overall observed HH compliance rate was 40.6%; lowest compliance was 21.7% for “before clean/aseptic procedure” indication and highest compliance was 68.6% for “after touching a patient” indication. Although > 90% healthcare workers correctly identified the World Health Organization’s five indications for HH, 82 – 85% failed to recognize non-indications, i.e. when it was not necessary to perform HH. Our study showed that 15.1% of healthcare workers neither received nor felt the need for HH training. Conclusions: Despite regular HH trainings, healthcare workers could not differentiate when HH was not required which suggested failure to understand HH rationale. This may explain poor HH compliance rates. A systematic study is needed in order to find out the reasons behind of this noncompliance and improve HH training methods for educating healthcare workers.

scholarly journals Prevalence of sleep disorders in obese before bariatric surgery.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Renata Carlos ◽  
Nicole Oliver ◽  
Ana Luísa F. Cruz ◽  
Suzanny Lays da Silva ◽  
Jesimiel Missias de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stanford Sleepiness Scale ◽  
The University

Introduction: The prevalence of sleep disorders (SD) has increased significantly in recent decades in parallel to the worldwide obesity epidemic. The presence of SD provides an increased risk of postoperative complications, requiring greater care in these patients. The gold standard for evaluation and diagnosis of SD is polysomnography, but it is an expensive and highly complex exam, making the questionnaires and scales more accessible for diagnosis and screening. Objectives: To evaluate the presence of SD and to analyze the influence of anthropometric measures on the scores of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), snoring (ERS) and Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) in obese patients. Method: An observational, cross-sectional study performed from August 2015 to August 2016. The patients in the preoperative group of bariatric surgery of the University Hospital were submitted to anthropometric evaluation and application of the ESS, ERS and SSS during the preoperative physiotherapy evaluation. Results: Were evaluated 100 obese (78 women), mean age of 41.4±10.7 years and BMI of 46.1±7.8kg/m2 . SD were identified in 25% by ESS and 21% by SSS of obese. There were no differences between genders for the scales scores. The score of the ERS correlated itself with waist (r=0.20, p=0.04) and neck (r=0.33, p=0.001) circumferences. Conclusion: The use of scales for diagnosis of SD is useful in the follow-up of the preoperative of bariatric surgery and our study found that 25% of patients present daytime somnolence. We also observed the influence of waist and neck circumferences on increasing snoring scale.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Growth of Children Aged 12–24 Months in the Tanga Region, Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-217
Author(s):  
Ingvild Skålnes Elverud ◽  
Ketil Størdal ◽  
Mercy Chiduo ◽  
Claus Klingenberg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background The first 1000 days of life, from conception to the second birthday, offer a unique window of opportunity for optimal growth, critical for future health. The primary aim of this study was to analyze growth of children between 12 and 24 months age in Tanzanian children, and to explore possible predictors for growth. Methods Observational, cross-sectional study performed between March and April 2017. Eligible children, and their mothers, attended routine follow-up at two health clinics in Tanga, Tanzania. At the study day, the child’s weight and height were recorded. The mothers answered a structured interview regarding breastfeeding, immunization and socioeconomic conditions. Results We recruited 300 mother–child pairs. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] age at study visit was 16 (14–20) months. Mothers reported that 170 (57%) of their children were exclusively breastfed for a minimum of 6 months; median (IQR) 6 (4–6) months. Using the World Health Organization (WHO) standard growth curves, mean weight-for-age Z-score was −0.30 and mean length-for-age Z-score was −0.47. Children whose mothers had higher education had higher Z-scores for weight and length compared to children of mothers with lower education. Education remained the most important predictor for growth also after adjusting for other variables. Overall, 48/300 (16%) were moderate-severe stunted and 25/300 (8.4%) had moderate-severe underweight. Conclusion Children aged 12–24 months in this region of Tanzania had weight and height below the WHO standard. Higher educated mothers had children with better growth parameters. Duration of exclusive breastfeeding was long, but did not predict growth parameters.

scholarly journals OBSTRUCTED LABOR

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (05) ◽  
pp. 615-620
Author(s):  
Shazia Rahman Shaikh ◽  
Khalida Naz Memon ◽  
Gulzar Usman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Full Term ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Obstructed Labor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Demographic Risk

The women of developing countries are at risk of pregnancy-relatedcomplications including pre-eclampsia/ eclampsia, obstructed labor, sepsis etc. Obstructedlabor results due to three delays while woman is full term & is in labor. If detected and managedearly and correctly, the pregnancies can be made safe and may result in birth of healthybabies. Objectives: (1) To assess frequency of obstructed labor among pregnant women. (2)To determine socio-demographic risk factors associated with obstructed labor among studypopulation. (3)To determine outcomes of obstructed labor among pregnant women. StudyDesign: It was a hospital based descriptive cross sectional study. Period: Two months. Setting:Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics units I, II and III of Liaquat University Hospital(LUH) Hyderabad. Methods: To estimate the frequency, risk factors & outcomes of obstructedlabor as of third trimester adverse pregnancy outcomes & to seek association of this adversepregnancy outcome with the socio-demographic characteristics of the pregnant women i.e.their age, residence, parity, level of education & socio economic class. Results: Out of total sixhundred & nine women enrolled in the study, only 22 (3.61%) were in obstructed labor. 63.64%of them were of age > 30 years. More than 60% women in obstructed labor had reported fromrural areas; and more than eighty percent of them were illiterate & belonged to lower socioeconomicclass. Only 4.55% of the women in obstructed labor were the booked cases. All thecases of obstructed labor were at full term. Cesarean section was done on 90.90% women. Nota single maternal mortality was reported among women enrolled in the study as obstructedlabor. Conclusion: Neglected obstructed labor is a major public health issue. It can be avoidedby addressing various socio-demographic determinants of pregnant women.

scholarly journals Pregnant teenagers treated at the obstetric center of a university hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-261
Author(s):  
Luana Maria Tassoni Ferro ◽  
Ceny Longhi Rezende ◽  
Cassia Barbosa Reis ◽  
Alessandra Aparecida Vieira Machado ◽  
Renato Sarmento dos Reis Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Health Organization

According to the definition of the World Health Organization, adolescence is the phase of life between 10 and 19 years of age, a period marked by physiological and biopsychosocial changes, in which pregnancy is considered a risk factor for both mother and fetus from the biomedical point of view. Several factors have been associated with teenage pregnancy with negative maternal and neonatal impacts, such as: social vulnerability, low levels of education, income, and sexual education. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, which aimed to identify obstetric factors and neonatal outcomes of greater frequency among pregnant adolescents treated at the obstetric center of a university hospital. Data collection was performed through a logbook of daily procedures at the obstetric center, so that all parturients under 19 years of age treated in 2018 were included in the study. The variables studied were age, parity, type of delivery, gestational age, diagnosis of syphilis and HIV, number of prenatal consultations, and insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD). As for the newborn, the following were analyzed: weight and hospital destination after birth. The data were processed using the SOFA.5.2 software (Statistics Open for All) and the significance level established was 95%, with a value of (P ≤ 0.05). Three thousand four hundred and thirty pregnant women were evaluated. There was a birth rate of 19.3% among adolescents, with a correlation between the low weight of the newborn with the longest hospital stay and the number of prenatal visits, and also the identification of low insertion of contraceptive methods immediately after delivery. Adolescent pregnancy was correlated with low-birth-weight newborns and a longer stay in neonatal units, consequences often associated with the insufficient number of prenatal consultations. Public health policies for the inclusion of qualified nursing professionals in the management of insertion of the intrauterine device for the prevention of subsequent pregnancies deserve special attention.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Risk in People Living with HIV: Comparison of Four Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Algorithms

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
Abdou Razak Moukaila ◽  
Edem Komi Mossi ◽  
Nouroudine Amadou ◽  
Komi Dzidzonu Nemi ◽  
Mouhaman-Inouwa Kpelafia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hiv Drugs ◽  
Living With Hiv

Introduction: The objective of our study was to evaluate, in a population of Togolese People Living With HIV (PLWHIV), the agreement between three scores derived from the general population namely the Framingham score, the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), the evaluation of the cardiovascular risk (CVR) according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the CVR evaluation equation derived from the Data collection on Adverse effects of anti-HIV Drugs (D.A.D). Methods: We conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study including 212 HIV-infected patients recruited from the day hospital of the Infectious Diseases Department of the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital. The level of agreement between the different scores was estimated using the Pearson correlation test and the Cohen Kappa coefficient.

scholarly journals Infection Prevention and Control at Lira University Hospital, Uganda: More Needs to Be Done

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Marc Sam Opollo ◽  
Tom Charles Otim ◽  
Walter Kizito ◽  
Pruthu Thekkur ◽  
Ajay M.V. Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compliance Level ◽  
Long Time ◽  
And Control

Globally, 5%–15% of hospitalized patients acquire infections (often caused by antimicrobial-resistant microbes) due to inadequate infection prevention and control (IPC) measures. We used the World Health Organization’s (WHO) ‘Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework’ (IPCAF) tool to assess the IPC compliance at Lira University hospital (LUH), a teaching hospital in Uganda. We also characterized challenges in completing the tool. This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional study conducted in November 2020. The IPC focal person at LUH completed the WHO IPCAF tool. Responses were validated, scored, and interpreted per WHO guidelines. The overall IPC compliance score at LUH was 225/800 (28.5%), implying a basic IPC compliance level. There was no IPC committee, no IPC team, and no budgets. Training was rarely or never conducted. There was no surveillance system and no monitoring/audit of IPC activities. Bed capacity, water, electricity, and disposal of hospital waste were adequate. Disposables and personal protective equipment were not available in appropriate quantities. Major challenges in completing the IPCAF tool were related to the detailed questions requiring repeated consultation with other hospital stakeholders and the long time it took to complete the tool. IPC compliance at LUH was not optimal. The gaps identified need to be addressed urgently.

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