Selenium Status in Saudi Arabian Compared to UK Women and Possible Influence on Bone Density and Skeletal Metabolism

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stoffaneller R ◽  
Nancy L Morse
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Marker Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Se Status

Se intake in the UK is thought to be declining whereas little is known about the Se status of Middle Eastern countries in general and Saudi Arabia specifically. Recent pre-clinical and clinical studies suggest a possible link between Se status and bone health. The purpose of this study was primarily to determine Se status, and secondarily to determine the influence of Se inadequacy on bone health using prospective measures of dietary selenium (Se) intake and bone health, and retrospective analyses of plasma and serum Se content. Plasma/serum Se concentration was measured in 76 women from the Saudi Arabian Bone Health (SABHS) study (34 premenopausal and 42 postmenopausal), and 92 women from the Vitamin D, Food Intake, Nutrition and Exposure to Sunlight (D-FINES) study in southern England (27 Caucasian premenopausal, 35 Caucasian postmenopausal,14 Asian premenopausal and 16 Asian postmenopausal). Bone health marker data was available for all subjects while dietary intake data was available for United Kingdom (UK) subjects only. Se was lower in Saudi Arabian compared to UK subjects (P<0.01) even after adjusting for body size. Postmenopausal women had higher Se across all ethnicities. Se status was significantly positively correlated with Se intake in the UK Caucasian subjects (autumn 2006 intakes) and 91.5% of the UK subjects did not meet the Reference Nutrient Intake (RNI). Se status and intake relative to bone health had mixed outcomes. Based on these findings, Se status and intake is insufficient in UK and Saudi Arabian women with premenopausal women most affected.

scholarly journals Energy and nutrient intakes of young children in the UK: findings from the Gemini twin cohort

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (10) ◽  
pp. 1843-1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Syrad ◽  
C. H. Llewellyn ◽  
C. H. M. van Jaarsveld ◽  
L. Johnson ◽  
S. A. Jebb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
The Uk

AbstractData on the diets of young children in the UK are limited, despite growing evidence of the importance of early diet for long-term health. We used the largest contemporary dietary data set to describe the intake of 21-month-old children in the UK. Parents of 2336 children aged 21 months from the UK Gemini twin cohort completed 3-d diet diaries in 2008/2009. Family background information was obtained from questionnaires completed 8 months after birth. Mean total daily intakes of energy, macronutrients (g and %E) and micronutrients from food and beverages, including and excluding supplements, were derived. Comparisons with UK dietary reference values (DRV) were made usingttests and general linear regression models, respectively. Daily energy intake (kJ), protein (g) and most micronutrients exceeded DRV, except for vitamin D and Fe, where 96 or 84 % and 70 or 6 % of children did not achieve the reference nutrient intake or lower reference nutrient intake (LRNI), respectively, even with supplementation. These findings reflect similar observations in the smaller sample of children aged 18–36 months in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey. At a population level, young children in the UK are exceeding recommended daily intakes of energy and protein, potentially increasing their risk of obesity. The majority of children are not meeting the LRNI for vitamin D, largely reflecting inadequate use of the supplements recommended at this age. Parents may need more guidance on how to achieve healthy energy and nutrient intakes for young children.

scholarly journals What do we currently know about nutrition and bone health in relation to United Kingdom public health policy with particular reference to calcium and vitamin D?

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Food Standards ◽  
Prevention Of Osteoporosis ◽  
The Uk

Public health policy in the UK related to nutrition and bone health has been shaped by reports from the Department of Health (DH), Food Standards Agency and WHO. Dietary reference values (DRV) for a number of nutrients were published in 1991 by the DH Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy. The subsequent DH report on nutrition and bone health in 1998 concentrated particularly on Ca and vitamin D, but also briefly addressed the effect of body weight, alcohol and other nutrients. Although this reviewed more recent evidence relating to the effect of higher intakes of Ca and vitamin D from longitudinal and interventional studies, no changes were made to the existing DRV. The Food Standards Agency published a report from their Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals in 2003, which recommended safe upper limits for eight vitamins and minerals, with guidance provided on a further twenty-two nutrients, where there was less information on safety. The WHO report on diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases in 2003 addressed the prevention of osteoporosis, making recommendations on Ca, vitamin D, Na, fruit and vegetables, alcohol and body weight. The present paper examines current views on what constitutes an adequate dietary Ca intake and optimal vitamin D status, the DRV for vitamin D in subjects with little or no exposure to sunlight and the results of recent epidemiological studies on the relationship between fracture risk and body weight, alcohol intake and the consumption of other nutrients.

Vitamin D status in postmenopausal women living at higher latitudes in the UK in relation to bone health, overweight, sunlight exposure and dietary vitamin D

Bone ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 996-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen M. Macdonald ◽  
Alexandra Mavroeidi ◽  
Rebecca J. Barr ◽  
Alison J. Black ◽  
William D. Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Sunlight Exposure ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Dietary Vitamin D

scholarly journals Vitamin D, Bone Metabolism, and Fracture Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Flavia Di Bari ◽  
Antonino Catalano ◽  
Federica Bellone ◽  
Gabriella Martino ◽  
Salvatore Benvenga
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among premenopausal women. PCOS may have reproductive, metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychological implications. Vitamin D deficit is often encountered in PCOS women and may contribute to the pathophysiology of this disorder. As of the key role of vitamin D in bone and mineral metabolism, and because the vitamin D status appears to be closely linked with the PCOS manifestations including insulin resistance, obesity, ovulatory and menstrual irregularities, oxidative stress and PTH elevation, hypovitaminosis D may directly and indirectly via the different facets of PCOS impair bone health in these women. Although limited data are available on life-long fracture risk in women with PCOS, the importance of preserving bone health in youth and adults to prevent osteoporosis and related fractures is also recognized in PCOS women. Evidence of the association between vitamin D and the clinical hallmarks of PCOS are summarized and discussed. Vitamin D arises as a cornerstone in women with PCOS and contributes to the pathophysiological link between PCOS and bone metabolism.

scholarly journals Calcium to phosphorus ratio, essential elements and vitamin D content of infant foods in the UK: Possible implications for bone health

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. e12368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Loughrill ◽  
David Wray ◽  
Tatiana Christides ◽  
Nazanin Zand
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Infant Foods ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Vitamin D supplementation

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Dobson ◽  
Hannah R Cock ◽  
Peter Brex ◽  
Gavin Giovannoni
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Uk

Vitamin D testing and supplementation is of great interest to neurologists and their patients. Recommended nutritional intakes of vitamin D in the UK remain focused on bone health, despite increasing evidence for a role outside this area. Here we discuss how neurologists might approach vitamin D testing and supplementation, focusing on two conditions associated with vitamin D deficiency that have an increased risk of downstream complications resulting from these: multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. We set out a rationale for testing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and discuss our personal practice in terms of supplementation, with evidence where available.

scholarly journals Nutrition and bone health projects funded by the UK Food Standards Agency: have they helped to inform public health policy?

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Ashwell ◽  
Elaine Stone ◽  
John Mathers ◽  
Stephen Barnes ◽  
Juliet Compston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Food Standards ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
The Uk

The UK Food Standards Agency convened an international group of expert scientists to review the Agency-funded projects on diet and bone health in the context of developments in the field as a whole. The potential benefits of fruit and vegetables, vitamin K, early-life nutrition and vitamin D on bone health were presented and reviewed. The workshop reached two conclusions which have public health implications. First, that promoting a diet rich in fruit and vegetable intakes might be beneficial to bone health and would be very unlikely to produce adverse consequences on bone health. The mechanism(s) for any effect of fruit and vegetables remains unknown, but the results from these projects did not support the postulated acid–base balance hypothesis. Secondly, increased dietary consumption of vitamin K may contribute to bone health, possibly through its ability to increase the γ-carboxylation status of bone proteins such as osteocalcin. A supplementation trial comparing vitamin K supplementation with Ca and vitamin D showed an additional effect of vitamin K against baseline levels of bone mineral density, but the benefit was only seen at one bone site. The major research gap identified was the need to investigate vitamin D status to define deficiency, insufficiency and depletion across age and ethnic groups in relation to bone health.

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