scholarly journals Increasing the Yield of Light Distillates by Wave Action on Oil Raw Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
N.K. Zhakirova ◽  
R.Kh. Salakhov ◽  
L.R. Sassykova ◽  
R.F. Khamidullin ◽  
T.R. Deberdeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Gasoline Fraction ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Field Zone ◽  
Cavitation Effect ◽  
Commercial Gasoline ◽  
Low Temperature Cracking ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Octane

The article presents the results of the electromagnetic activation of petroleum feed in the vortex layer apparatus. It is shown that under the electromagnetic influence, there is a significant increase in the proportion of straight-run gasoline fraction distillate, as well as a change in the physicochemical parameters of the light fractions obtained as a result of the cavitation effect and the low-temperature cracking. It has been established that the processes of wave action on oil occurring in the electromagnetic field zone lead to a change in the individual and group hydrocarbon composition of the distillates obtained. The gasoline fraction produced from activated petroleum, due to an increase in the proportion of aromatic compounds, has a high octane number compared to the original straight-run fraction and low content of alkenes, which allows us to recommend its use as a high-octane component of motor fuels in the compounding and production of commercial gasoline.

scholarly journals Virtual Soft Sensor of the Feedstock Composition of the Catalytic Reforming Unit

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1233
Author(s):  
Natalia Koteleva ◽  
Ilya Tkachev
Keyword(s):  
Group Composition ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Gasoline Fraction ◽  
Soft Sensor ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Hydrocarbon Mixture ◽  
Catalytic Reforming ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Composition

The paper discusses a method for obtaining a matrix of individual and group composition of a hydrotreated heavy gasoline fraction in industrial conditions based on the fractional composition obtained by the distillation method according to the ASTM D86 (the Russian analogue of such a standard is GOST 2177). A method for bounds estimation of the retention index (RI) change is considered on the basis of the symmetry of the RI change range relative to its arithmetic mean. Implementation of this method is performed by simulation of individual composition of C6–C12 feedstock of the catalytic reforming unit in the software package. For this purpose, the boiling curve of individual composition of hydrocarbon mixture is converted into the corresponding curve of fractional composition. The presented technique of creating a virtual soft sensor makes it possible to establish a correct relationship between the fractional composition and the individual hydrocarbon composition obtained according to the IFP 9301 (GOST R 52714) (Russian GOST R 52714 and international IFP 9301 standards for the determination of individual and group composition of hydrocarbon mixtures by capillary gas chromatography). The virtual soft sensor is based on chemical and mathematical principles. The application of this technique on the data of a real oil refinery is shown. Obtaining accurate data by means of a virtual soft sensor on the individual composition of feedstock will make it possible to optimize the catalytic reforming process and thus indirectly improve its environmental friendliness and enrichment efficiency.

scholarly journals Technology for transformation of high-viscosity and high-paraffin oil raw materials using electromagnetic processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 340 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
N.K. Zhakirova ◽  
R.Kh. Salakhov ◽  
Zh.K. Nasima ◽  
A.M. Bakyt ◽  
L.R. Sassykov
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Gasoline Fraction ◽  
Paraffin Oil ◽  
Group Hydrocarbon

The article presents the results of electromagnetic activation of petroleum raw materials in the vortex layer apparatus. It is shown that under electromagnetic influence, there is a significant increase in the proportion of straight-run gasoline fraction distillate, as well as a change in the physicochemical parameters of the light fractions obtained. It is established that the processes of wave action on oil, which take place in the zone of the electromagnetic field, lead to a change in the group hydrocarbon composition of the distillates obtained. NMR spectroscopy was used to study the effect of electromagnetic radiation on the properties of oil raw materials on the physicochemical properties and structure of the oil.

scholarly journals Hydro-catalytic isomerization of light gasoline fraction of Zhanazhol field’s oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 01021
Author(s):  
Amanzhan Saginayev ◽  
Lyazzat Tastanova ◽  
Ainagul Apendina ◽  
Nyasima Ishmukhanbetova ◽  
Elena Dosmurzina
Keyword(s):  
Octane Number ◽  
Platinum Catalyst ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Gasoline Fraction ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Catalytic Isomerization ◽  
Commercial Gasoline ◽  
Stationary Layer ◽  
Light Gasoline

The purpose of the present work is to show that light straight-run gasoline fraction can be used as feedstock for hydro-catalytic isomerization process, and the isomerized product can serve as a component for obtaining pure ecological commercial gasoline brand Euro-4 and Euro-5. Transformation of n-alkanes of Zhanazhol oil’s light gasoline fraction with boiling temperature 180°C was studied. Isomerization was carried out in a flow unit with a stationary layer of modified sample of industrial aluminum-platinum catalyst at 200-300°C and 2.0-4.0 MPa, with volume feed rate of 1.0-3.0 h-1 and circulation ratio of hydrogen containing gas circulation 1000-1500 m3/m3 of catalyst feed. Light gasoline fraction are subjected to a number of chemical transformations: n-paraffins isomerization, five-membered and six-membered cycloalkanes dehydroisomerization and hydrocracking. n-Alkanes are isomerized in iso-alkanes, naphthenic hydrocarbons are first subjected to hydrocracking with opening the cycle and forming n-alkanes, which are then isomerized into iso-alkanes. Thus, the reaction products contain isopentane, 2,3-dimethylbutane with octane number 92 and 104 correspondingly, and other iso-paraffinic hydrocarbons that lead to raise of gasoline octane number. By study of individual hydrocarbon composition of feedstock and isomerizate it is possible to establish some regularities hydrocarbons in the process of hydro-catalytic isomerization of light gasoline fraction.

scholarly journals New Approach in Research of Quartzes and Quartzites for Ferroalloys and Silicon Production

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 670
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Legemza ◽  
Róbert Findorák ◽  
Branislav Buľko ◽  
Jaroslav Briančin
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Material Research ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Pure Silicon ◽  
Metallurgical Properties ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Grains

This article deals with material research of selected types of quartz and quartzites in order to determine the priority of their use in the production of ferrosilicon and pure silicon, respectively. The highest quality quartzes and quartzites are commonly used in metallurgy, but not all types of these silicon raw materials are suitable for the production of ferrosilicon and pure silicon, despite their similar chemical composition. Behavior differences can be observed in the process conditions of heating and carbothermic production of ferrosilicon and silicon. These differences depend, in particular, on the nature and content of impurities, and the granularity (lumpiness) and microstructure of individual grains. The research focused primarily on determining the physicochemical and metallurgical properties of silicon raw materials. An integral part of the research was also the creation of a new methodology for determining the reducibility of quartzes (or quartzites), which could be used for real industrial processes and should be very reliable. The results of the laboratory experiments and evaluation of the physicochemical and metallurgical properties of the individual quartzes (or quartzites) are presented in the discussion. Based on comparison of the tested samples’ properties, their priority of use was determined. This research revealed the highest quality in quartzite from Sweden (Dalbo deposit) and Ukraine (Ovruč deposit) and quartz from Slovakia (Švedlár deposit). The use of these raw materials in industrial conditions is expected to result in the achievement of better production parameters, such as higher yield and product quality and lower electricity consumption.

ASSESSMENT OF WOODEN BUILDINGS IN TERMS OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE GENERATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Spišáková ◽  
Mária Kozlovská ◽  
Jozef Švajlenka
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Constructional Material ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Construction Market ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Wooden Structures

Construction industry creates an environment for people's lives. On the other hand, construction activities have a negative impact on various aspects of the environment. It consumes natural raw materials, significantly contributes to carbon footprint, waste, etc. Appropriate choice of constructional, material, technical, technological and environmental parameters of buildings can partially reduce this negative impacts. By designing, implementing and using wood-based constructions it is possible to reduce the negative impact in the area of construction waste generation. Currently, the construction market offers a large number of construction systems of wooden buildings, which have both strengths and weaknesses. In this paper are identified construction systems of wooden buildings offered on the Slovak construction market. The aim of the paper is a detailed identification of construction waste generation during the realization of particular wooden structures and monitoring of waste generation in production factory (off site) and on construction site (on site) during the construction of wooden buildings. Based on the obtained information, the individual construction systems of wood-based constructions are compared in terms of construction waste generation

Operationalising resilience in tropical agricultural value chains

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Aboah ◽  
Mark M.J. Wilson ◽  
Karl M. Rich ◽  
Michael C. Lyne
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Food System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Citation Network ◽  
System Level ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stakeholder Interactions

Purpose The analysis of the concept of resilience in supply chain management studies mostly focuses on the downstream side of the value chain and tacitly assumes an unlimited supply of raw materials. This assumption is unreasonable for agricultural value chains, as upstream disruptions clearly have a material impact on the availability of raw materials, and indeed, are a common source of supply problems. This paper aims to present a framework for the operationalisation of the concept of socioecological resilience in agricultural value chains that incorporates upstream activities. Design/methodology/approach A citation network analysis was adopted to review articles. A conceptual framework is then advanced to identify elements of resilience and indicators relevant to tropical agricultural value chains. Findings There are limited studies that assess resilience in the food chain context. Flexibility, collaboration, adaptability and resourcefulness are key elements for assessing resilience at the individual chain actor level. However, the paper argues that adaptability is the relevant element for the assessment of resilience at an aggregate food system level because it considers the alteration of a system’s state of resilience. Practical implications The proposed framework and propositions accommodate stakeholder interactions in the value chain and could serve as a tool to guide the assessment of resilience in agricultural value chains. Originality/value This paper is one of the few to extend resilience to cover the socioecological interaction aspects for supply chains that yield the raw materials needed for continuity in channel-wide value creation processes.

scholarly journals Influence of Carbide-Promoting Elements on the Microstructure of High-Silicon Ductile Iron

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1152-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Riebisch ◽  
B. Pustal ◽  
A. Bührig-Polaczek
Keyword(s):  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Steel Scrap ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
High Silicon ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Because of its low cost, steel scrap is one of the most important raw materials for the production of ductile iron (DI). The amount of carbide-promoting elements in steel scrap, such as chromium, manganese, molybdenum, niobium and vanadium, is expected to increase in the future. Most of these elements have a negative impact on the microstructure and mechanical properties of DI. The solubility of carbide-promoting elements in solid solution-strengthened DI materials, standardized in DIN EN 1563:2011, is modified by the high silicon content. For these new materials, the tolerance limits for carbide-promoting elements and their mutual influence must be known to ensure a sustainable production process. To investigate the individual and combined impact of carbide-promoting elements on the carbide content in high-silicon ductile iron EN-GJS-500-14, experimental investigations and thermodynamic–kinetic microstructure simulations were carried out. Microstructure was characterized using metallographic analysis, and quantitative relations between chemical composition and microstructure were developed by means of regression analysis. Besides this quantitative analysis, it was found that the formation of grain boundary carbides can be detected via thermal analysis. Furthermore, experiments and simulations showed that vanadium promotes the formation of chunky graphite in high-silicon DI castings.

scholarly journals Multicriteria Assessment of the Quality of Waste Sorting Centers—A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3780
Author(s):  
Karmen Pažek ◽  
Jernej Prišenk ◽  
Simon Bukovski ◽  
Boris Prevolšek ◽  
Črtomir Rozman
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Multicriteria Assessment ◽  
Sorting Efficiency ◽  
The Individual

In this paper, the quality of the municipal waste sorting process in seven waste management centers in Slovenia was assessed using the qualitative multicriteria analysis (MCA) method DEX (Decision EXpert) implemented in DEXi software, which is based on multicriteria decomposition of the problem and utility functions in the form of “if–then” decision rules. The study was based on eight types of secondary raw materials. The quality of the secondary raw materials, the regularity of the delivery of secondary raw materials to recycling units based on the sorting efficiency, and the loading weight of the individual baled fractions in the transport of secondary raw materials for recycling were the main parameters used in the model. The final assessment shows “good” waste management service in centers A and D. Centers B, C, and F were rated “average”. The “bad” rating was assigned to centers E and G.

Proposal for a New Structure of Enterprise Management Concept for Processing Secondary Raw Materials - Aluminum

2014 ◽  
Vol 708 ◽  
pp. 178-183
Author(s):  
Andrej Hačevský ◽  
Jan Spišák
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Management Concept ◽  
Verification Process ◽  
Enterprise Management System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Production Company ◽  
Verification Plan

From the analysis and synthesis, which consists of a draft of structure of a new enterprise management system concept based on hierarchical balancing optimization model, results clear findings and outputs. The primary benefit is considered to be the fact, that it showed the existence and use of balancing model as a tool for effective management of the production company. This article primarily describes the use of the balance model at the analysis of the production process. HBOM can be involved in the verification process impacts of the individual reversals in the technology and economics of company, at operating in the verification plan, and verification of compliance and reality.

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