Transformation of oil dispersed systems during operation

Using the example of oil road bitumen grades BND 100/130, BND 130/200 and BND 70/100, this article studies the transformation of oil dispersed systems under various logistic schemes of operation. This research focuses on the influence of the conditions for storing road bitumens of different grades on their physical and mechanical properties and group hydrocarbon composition during transportation from the manufacturer to the consumer. The results show that a change in the physical and mechanical properties of road bitumens during high-temperature storage is related to the changes in the group hydrocarbon composition due to the hydrocarbons autooxidation and destabilization of the colloidal structure of dispersal systems. The conditions for storing bitumen with a minimum change in its quality indicators have been determined. It has been established that storage of bitumen under atmospheric conditions allows preserving its original properties without significant changes. There is evidence that nitrogen purging significantly reduces the effect of homolytic processes leading to the transformation of oil dispersed systems during further transportation from the manufacturer to the consumer. Experimental data confirm that of all basic physical and mechanical properties of bitumen, “the depth of penetration of needle” is the most sensitive index, while the “softening temperature” index, frequently used for quality control of bitumen, is inertial. Determining the change in penetration, depending on the duration of storing bitumen, has required formulating a special equation. It has been established that when storing road bitumen at a temperature of 180 ºС, for each hour the index of the penetration depth of the needle at 25 º decreases by 0.8 units. Organizational and technical measures have been determined to ensure the stability of the road bitumen quality during manufacture, storage and transportation to consumers.

Study dearomatization of kerosene by IR and UV spectral analysis

This work is devoted to study the extraction dearomatization of the kerosene fraction using ionic liquids synthesized on the basis of formic acid and morpholine, as well as acetic acid and diethylamine as a selective solvent. The influence of various factors on the selective purification process has been investigated and the conditions for dearomatization of kerosene have been determined. The group hydrocarbon composition of the dearomatized kerosene raffinate samples by ion-liquid extraction was determined by IR and UV spectral analysis.

Technology for transformation of high-viscosity and high-paraffin oil raw materials using electromagnetic processing

The article presents the results of electromagnetic activation of petroleum raw materials in the vortex layer apparatus. It is shown that under electromagnetic influence, there is a significant increase in the proportion of straight-run gasoline fraction distillate, as well as a change in the physicochemical parameters of the light fractions obtained. It is established that the processes of wave action on oil, which take place in the zone of the electromagnetic field, lead to a change in the group hydrocarbon composition of the distillates obtained. NMR spectroscopy was used to study the effect of electromagnetic radiation on the properties of oil raw materials on the physicochemical properties and structure of the oil.

CATALYTIC REFORMING OF GASOLINE FRACTION OIL MIXTURES OF THE SOUTHERN REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

This article discusses the results of a study of the process of catalytic reforming of straight-run gasoline obtained from a mixture of oil from a field located in the southern region of Kazakhstan. The individual and group hydrocarbon composition of the initial hydrotreated gasoline and reformate was studied in order to establish the degree of conversion of hydrocarbons at different stages of catalytic reforming. The qualitative characteristics of the catalysis of gasoline reforming obtained at different stages of the process allows us to establish the chemistry and reaction mechanism and the laws of the chemical degree of conversion of individual hydrocarbon groups during all stages of catalytic reforming. As a result of studying the process of catalytic reforming of straight-run gasoline fractions НЕФТЕХИМИЯ НЕФТЬ И ГАЗ 2020. 2 (116) 103 О 2 (85–180°С), a chemistry and a reaction mechanism are established that are based on the following reactions: dehydrocyclization of paraffin hydrocarbons, dehydrogenation and dehydroisomerization of naphthenic, isomerization of naphthenic and paraffin hydrocarbons. Comparison of the physicochemical properties and group hydrocarbon composition of the hydrogenate and reforming products shows that the amount of n-paraffin and naphthenic hydrocarbons after catalytic reforming is reduced by 3–4times than in the originalgasoline, and the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons is significantly increased due to the cyclane dehydrogenation reaction and dehydrocyclization of normal paraffins. Set forth in article information on changing the group and individual hydrocarbon composition of gasoline in various stages of the catalytic reforming process, can serve as a basis for optimal control of technological process of catalytic reforming and is a priority in the production of highquality grades of motor fuel and petrochemical development in the processing of local oil and gas Republic of Kazakhstan.

The Composition and properties of Straight-Run and Mechanoactivated 360-400°C Distillate from Yakut Petroleum

The group hydrocarbon composition of 360-400°C straight-run distillate of the petroleum from Talakanskoye oil-field (Yakutia − Republic of Saha) has been studied in detail using clathrate formation, liquid adsorption chromatography, thermodiffusion methods and mass spectrometric analysis of obtained thermodiffusion fractions. The fundamental physical constants of all isolated narrow hydrocarbon fractions were measured. The regularities of thermodiffusion separation of saturated hydrocarbons having different amounts of rings in molecules as well as the relations between properties and composition of the concentrates obtained were traced. It is established that a mechanoactivation of petroleum distillate leads to a change of its hydrocarbon composition, first of all to a decrease of its paraffin content, as well as to respective changes of its physicalchemical characteristics (to a decrease in pour point and an increase in density and viscosity values).

A REVIEW OF THE PROSPECTIVITY OF THE CRAYFISH GROUP IN THE VICTORIAN OTWAY BASIN

One of two major play fairways investigated by explorationists in the Otway Basin is the Crayfish Group system. This Tithonian-Barremian aged succession of syn-rift, continental siliciclastics was deposited in gra- ben distributed across the basin. All of the elements of a prospective petroleum province are present: lacustrine source rocks, high-quality quartzose sandstone reservoirs, and thick regional seals that are structured by both syn and post-rift tectonic events setting up a variety of play types.There has been a resurgence of drilling of Crayfish Group prospects in South Australia in the past decade. Some 24 wells penetrating the Crayfish Group have been drilled in South Australia during this period. This has resulted in the discovery of five commercial gas-fields, three non-commercial gasfields and two significant oil shows. Contrasting with this is the paucity of exploration for similar plays in the Victorian Otway Basin where, during the last decade, only six wells have penetrated the Crayfish Group, with one significant oil show recorded. With this in mind, the author has been searching for Victorian analogues of the successful Crayfish Group hydrocarbon discoveries in South Australia. This has involved defining the major Crayfish Group depocentres and evaluating their prospectivity.There are no less than 12 major Crayfish Group depocentres in the Victorian Otway Basin. Most have not been drilled, and those that are explored are rarely penetrated by more than one well. Good quality lacustrine source rocks are intersected on the flanks of these troughs and are also interpreted to exist in the troughs from seismic data. Reservoir sandstones are abundant in the Crayfish Group at a variety of stratigraphic levels in both South Australia and Victoria, as episodes of tec- tonism resulted in the influx of quartzose, high-energy fluvial sands into the Crayfish depocentres. Potential for oil and gas generation and entrapment is demonstrated for many of these graben.