scholarly journals Catalytic Synthesis of Acetonitrile by Ammonolysis of Acetic Acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I. Galanov ◽  
O.I. Sidorova ◽  
A.K. Golovko ◽  
V.D. Philimonov ◽  
L.N. Kurina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Catalytic Synthesis ◽  
Reagent Ratio ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Effect Of The Composition ◽  
Catalyst Lifetime

The influence of principal parameters (reagent ratio, reaction temperature, temperature gradients along a catalyst layer) on the yield of the desired product was studied in the reaction of acetonitrile synthesis from acetic acid over γ-alumina. Thus, the increase in ammonia:acetic acid ratio leads to the increase in acetonitrile selectivity and yield. In this work it has been demonstrated that initial temperatures of 360-380 °C are optimum to effectively carry out the process of acetonitrile synthesis. The increase in reaction temperature allows one to increase the yield of acetonitrile, but at elevated temperatures the catalyst carbidization and contamination of the desired product were observed. The additives to the reaction mixture of the substances that decrease the rate of compaction products (CP) formation and participate in the desired product formation are very effective for decreasing the catalyst carbidization. The effect of the composition of a reaction mixture on a catalyst lifetime is considered. The addition of ethyl acetate to acetic acid promotes a greater carbidization as compared to pure acetic acid. The application of a mixture of acetic acid with acetic anhydride at similar acetonitrile yield decreases the catalyst carbidization.

Catalytic Synthesis of Ethyl Acetate Using Ti2SnC

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 628-631
Author(s):  
Yun Hui Long ◽  
Jun Ming Guo ◽  
Du Shu Huang ◽  
Gui Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Catalytic Synthesis ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
The Ideal

The catalytic synthesis of ethyl acetate from ethanol and acetic acid using Ti2SnC in liquid phase under the atmospheric pressure was studied. The influences of some factors such as catalyst usage, initial reactant molar ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time on acetic acid conversion rate of this reaction system were investigated. The acetic acid conversion rate of 88.12% is achieved while the molar ratio of alcohol and acid is 1:3.6, the amount of catalyst is 0.2000 g, the reaction temperature is 80 °C and the reaction time is 30min. The catalyst Ti2SnC is the ideal catalyst for synthesis of ethyl acetate for good catalytic performance, non-corrosive to equipment, easily separated from product and used repeatedly.

scholarly journals Effects of reaction conditions on the degree of substitution in acetylated nanocellulose

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thien Doan Van Hong ◽  
Nhu Tran Thao ◽  
Trang Do Thi Kieu ◽  
Chanh-Nghiem Nguyen ◽  
Toan Pham Van ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
1H Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Degree Of Substitution ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Three Factor

In this study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were chemically extracted from the waste newspapers and acetylated by reacting CNC with acetic anhydride, using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Response Surface Methodology based on a three-factor factorial design was applied to analyze the interaction effects of reaction temperature, time, and the ratio of nanocellulose and acetic acid (wt/v) on the degree of substitution (DS) which was calculated and compared. Various experimental conditions as reaction temperature (50-70 °C), reaction time (90-150 min), and the ratio of nanocellulose and acetic acid (wt/v) (1:15-1:25) were under investigation. It was found that reaction temperature and its interaction effects have the most significant effects on DS. The acetylated CNC was characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The highest DS (2.997) was obtained in 90 min and the CNC/acetic acid ratio of 1:15 at 70 °C.

scholarly journals Effects of reaction conditions on the degree of substitution in acetylated nanocellulose

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thien Doan Van Hong ◽  
Nhu Tran Thao ◽  
Trang Do Thi Kieu ◽  
Chanh-Nghiem Nguyen ◽  
Toan Pham Van ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
1H Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Degree Of Substitution ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Three Factor

In this study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were chemically extracted from the waste newspapers and acetylated by reacting CNC with acetic anhydride, using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Response Surface Methodology based on a three-factor factorial design was applied to analyze the interaction effects of reaction temperature, time, and the ratio of nanocellulose and acetic acid (wt/v) on the degree of substitution (DS) which was calculated and compared. Various experimental conditions as reaction temperature (50-70 °C), reaction time (90-150 min), and the ratio of nanocellulose and acetic acid (wt/v) (1:15-1:25) were under investigation. It was found that reaction temperature and its interaction effects have the most significant effects on DS. The acetylated CNC was characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The highest DS (2.997) was obtained in 90 min and the CNC/acetic acid ratio of 1:15 at 70 °C.

Oxidation of Ethanol on Sn-Mo Oxide Catalysts

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-445
Author(s):  
Magdy A. Wassel ◽  
Nalla K. Allahaverdova ◽  
Tofki G. Alkhazov
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Pulse Method ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Mo Catalyst ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Aqueous Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Primary Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Of Ethanol

To determine the acidic and basic properties of the title catalysts, the adsorption of NH3 and SO2 was compared using pulse method. It was found that this characteristics undergoes changes when the Sn-Mo catalyst is treated with aqueous potassium hydroxide solutions of different concentrations. The catalyst treated with the more concentrated KOH solution possesses mainly properties of a base. When studying the oxidation of ethanol it has been found that the αCO2/αaldehyde conversion ratio increases with the time of contact of the mixture with the catalyst while the αCO2/α acid ratio is not affected. The study of two alcohols deuterated either in OH group (C2H5OD) or in the alkyl group ((C2D5OH) has shown that the substitution of C-H for C-D bond enhances the stability of the primary oxidation product, deuterated ethanal, so that it is not transformed further to acetic acid.

The role of acidity profile in the nanotubular growth of polyaniline

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Konyushenko ◽  
Miroslava Trchová ◽  
Jaroslav Stejskal ◽  
Irina Sapurina
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Subsequent Oxidation ◽  
Ammonium Peroxydisulfate ◽  
Aniline Oligomers ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Granular Morphology

AbstractConditions of polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes preparation were analyzed. Aniline was oxidized with ammonium peroxydisulfate in 0.4 M acetic acid. There are two subsequent oxidation steps and the products were collected after each of them. At pH > 3, neutral aniline molecules are oxidized to non-conducting aniline oligomers. These produce templates for the subsequent growth of PANI nanotubes, which takes place preferably at pH 2–3. At pH < 2, granular morphology of the conducting PANI is obtained. High final acidity of the medium should be avoided in the preparation of nanotubes, e.g., by reducing the amount of sulfuric acid which is a by-product. Reduction of the peroxydisulfate-to-aniline mole ratio was tested for this purpose in the present study. Lowering of the reaction temperature from 20°C to −4°C had a positive effect on the formation of nanotubes.

Catalytic Synthesis of Benzyl Acetate by Diatomite Supported Waugh-Type (NH4)6[MnMo9O32] •8H2O

2013 ◽  
Vol 483 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Shu Heng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Catalytic Synthesis ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Benzyl Acetate ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Catalyst Dosage

Take Waugh-Type (NH4)6[MnMo9O32] •8H2O absorbed on diatomite and prepared supported solid catalyst. The properties of the catalyst were studied through the synthesis of benzyl acetate. The appropriate reaction conditions were obtained by orthogonal test: mole ratio of acetic acid to benzyl alcohol was 2.5:1.0, the catalyst dosage was 1.6g, the water carrying agent toluene dosage was 2.5ml, reaction time was 150min, esterification yield was 87.4%. The catalyst are high catalytic activity and non- polluting, and could be reused.

Temperature Dependence of LiMn2O4 Prepared by a Solution Combustion Synthesis in the System of Acetate Salts and Acetic Acid

2012 ◽  
Vol 485 ◽  
pp. 465-468
Author(s):  
Li Li Zhang ◽  
Gui Yang Liu ◽  
Jun Ming Guo ◽  
Bao Sen Wang ◽  
Ying He
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Combustion Synthesis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Solution Combustion Synthesis ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
Metal Foil ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solution Combustion ◽  
Acid Ratio

Spinel LiMn2O4 have been prepared by the solution combustion synthesis method using acetate salts as raw materials and acetic acid as fuel. The phase compositions of the as-prepared products were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical performance of the products was tested by using a coin-type half battery versus lithium metal foil as anode material. XRD results suggested that the purities of the products prepared at 500oC are higher than these of the products prepared at 600oC. For the products prepared at 500oC, the purities of the products increase with increasing acetic acid ratios. But for the products prepared at 600oC, the purities of the products decrease with increasing acetic acid ratios. The performance tests indicated that the electrochemical performances of the products prepared at 500oC are better than these of the products prepared at 600oC. The product prepared at 500oC with the acetic acid ratio of 1.0 gets the best performance. The initial capacity of it reaches to 124.8mAh/g at the current density of 75mA/g, and after 50 cycles, the capacity retention is 93.7%.

scholarly journals The effect of Acetic Acid Ratio in The Electrodeposition Process of Chitosan/ZnO

2019 ◽  
Vol 1232 ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
Saisa ◽  
Harry Agusnar ◽  
Zul Alfian ◽  
Irwana Nainggolan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Electrodeposition Process ◽  
Acid Ratio

Study of Oxidation Degradation Eosin by Ferrate

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Dang Sheng Li ◽  
Xi Liang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Oxidation Degradation

This paper presents a comparative study of the performance of ferrate (VI) towards wastewater treatment. The effects of solution pH, reaction temperature and amount of ferrate on the eosin removal rate were investigated. Results demonstrated that increasing the amount of ferrate (VI) and low acidity leads to good removal performance of ferrate towards eosin. So ferrate (VI) is an effective reagent for dyes treatment. The reaction temperature, however, has little influence on the removal rate which may be due to the degradation effects of ferrate at elevated temperatures.

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