scholarly journals Measures of labour market accessibility. What can we learn from observed commuting patterns?

REGION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-70
Author(s):  
Liv Osland ◽  
Arnstein Gjestland ◽  
Inge Thorsen
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
House Price ◽  
Price Model ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Commuting Flows ◽  
Western Norway ◽  
Commuting Time ◽  
Commuting Patterns

It is well known that measures of labour market accessibility explains spatial variation in housing prices even in markets with polycentric labour market structures. This paper examines whether data on observed commuting patterns can replace or supplement gravity-based measures representing the commuting potential at specific locations. We use data from a region in Western Norway,and we find that measures based on observed commuting flows and commuting time cannot replace a gravity-based measure of labour market accessibility. Based on, inter alia, the spatial Durbin estimator we find that measures of observed commuting flows increase the explanatory power of a hedonic house price model.

scholarly journals Urban expansion and neighbourhood commuting patterns in the Beijing metropolitan region: A multilevel analysis

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (13) ◽  
pp. 2773-2793
Author(s):  
Cecilia Wong ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Miao Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Commuting Flows ◽  
Home Work ◽  
Commuting Patterns ◽  
Modelling Approach

This study adopts a spatial perspective to analyse the complex commuting patterns of the Beijing metropolitan region. By combining measures of the built environment, neighbourhood characteristics and development time periods, a four-fold neighbourhood classification was derived by cluster analysis to reflect different urbanisation contexts. Commuting flows were mapped to illustrate the spatial mismatch of home–work locations during the rampant urbanisation process. The novel use of a multilevel modelling approach shows how individual socio-economic attributes and neighbourhood factors, and their interactive effects, explain the varied commuting patterns. The cross-level interactions of variables highlight the predominant influence of individual attributes, which also interact with locational conditions of neighbourhood with differential explanatory power, on commuting patterns.

scholarly journals The Daily Commute: An Analysis of the Geography of the Labour Market using 2006 Census Data

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ralphs ◽  
Rosemary Goodyear
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Flow Data ◽  
Complex Flow ◽  
Commuting Flows ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Flow Maps ◽  
Market Areas ◽  
Commuting Patterns

This paper explores the major commuting areas within New Zealand and how commuting patterns have evolved between 1996 and 2006. It focuses primarily on the new insights that mapping and visualisation methods can bring to the analysis and understanding of complex flow data. In particular, we discuss some approaches to delineating labour market areas based on commuter inflow statistics and demonstrate the advantages that spider flow maps bring to the visualisation and understanding of commuting flows between areas. Spider flow maps are based on origin-destination information from the 2006 Census, but the paper also includes an historical perspective, examining changes in, the number and proportion of people commuting between areas and using different modes of transport used for commuting. Although our focus is on the advantages that these new methods can bring to the analysis of commuting data, some interesting findings arise. Both the number of commutes and the distance travelled by commuters has increased markedly since 1996, particularly around the largest cities of the Auckland. Wellington and Christchurch.       Labour markets centered on these cities go well beyond territorial authority boundaries and. particularly in the Auckland case, are becoming increasingly polycentric. Data visucalisation makes the exploration of these patterns much more accessible.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effect of the Financial Status to the Mobility Customs

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Gergo Pintér ◽  
Imre Felde
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cellular Phone ◽  
Radius Of Gyration ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Property Price ◽  
Statistical Relationships ◽  
Commuting Patterns

In this article, we explore the relationship between cellular phone data and housing prices in Budapest, Hungary. We determine mobility indicators from one months of Call Detail Records (CDR) data, while the property price data are used to characterize the socioeconomic status at the Capital of Hungary. First, we validated the proposed methodology by comparing the Home and Work locations estimation and the commuting patterns derived from the cellular network dataset with reports of the national mini census. We investigated the statistical relationships between mobile phone indicators, such as Radius of Gyration, the distance between Home and Work locations or the Entropy of visited cells, and measures of economic status based on housing prices. Our findings show that the mobility correlates significantly with the socioeconomic status. We performed Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on combined vectors of mobility indicators in order to characterize the dependence of mobility habits on socioeconomic status. The results of the PCA investigation showed remarkable correlation of housing prices and mobility customs.

scholarly journals The role and significance of planning in the determination of house prices in Australia: Recent policy debates

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2198894
Author(s):  
Peter Phibbs ◽  
Nicole Gurran
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Housing Market ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
House Price ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Price Inflation ◽  
Depth Analysis

On the world stage, Australian cities have been punching above their weight in global indexes of housing prices, sparking heated debates about the causes of and remedies for, sustained house price inflation. This paper examines the evidence base underpinning such debates, and the policy claims made by key commentators and stakeholders. With reference to the wider context of Australia’s housing market over a 20 year period, as well as an in depth analysis of a research paper by Australia’s central Reserve Bank, we show how economic theories commonly position land use planning as a primary driver of new supply constraints but overlook other explanations for housing market behavior. In doing so, we offer an alternative understanding of urban housing markets and land use planning interventions as a basis for more effective policy intervention in Australian and other world cities.

scholarly journals Assessing the impacts of Airbnb listings on London house prices

2021 ◽  
pp. 239980832110018
Author(s):  
James Todd ◽  
Anwar Musah ◽  
James Cheshire
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
House Price ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Fixed And Random Effects ◽  
The World

Over the course of the last decade, sharing economy platforms have experienced significant growth within cities around the world. Airbnb, which is one of the largest and best-known platforms, provides the focus for this paper and offers a service that allows users to rent properties or spare rooms to guests. Its rapid growth has led to a growing discourse around the consequences of Airbnb rentals within the local context. The research within this paper focuses on determining impact on local housing prices within the inner London boroughs by constructing a longitudinal panel dataset, on which a fixed and random effects regression was conducted. The results indicate that there is a significant and modest positive association between the frequency of Airbnb and the house price per square metre in these boroughs.

scholarly journals Looking beyond Average Earnings: Why Are Male and Female Part-Time Employees in the UK More Likely to Be Low Paid Than Their Full-Time Counterparts?

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline Nightingale
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Part ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Low Pay

This article uses Labour Force Survey data to examine why male and female part-time employees in the UK are more likely to be low paid than their full-time counterparts. This ‘low pay penalty’ is found to be just as large, if not larger, for men compared to women. For both men and women, differences in worker characteristics account for a relatively small proportion of the part-time low pay gap. Of greater importance is the unequal distribution of part-time jobs across the labour market, in particular the close relationship between part-time employment and social class. Using a selection model to adjust for the individual’s estimated propensity to be in (full-time) employment adds a modest amount of explanatory power. Particularly for men, a large ‘unexplained’ component is identified, indicating that even with a similar human capital and labour market profile part-time workers are more likely than full-time workers to be low paid.

scholarly journals Liquidity, interest rates and house prices in the euro area: a DSGE analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Rubio ◽  
José A. Carrasco-Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
House Price ◽  
Dsge Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dynamic Stochastic

Purpose This study aims to build a two-country monetary union dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with housing to assess how different shocks contributed to the increase in housing prices and credit in the European Economic and Monetary Union. One of the countries is calibrated to represent the core group in the euro area, while the other one corresponds to the periphery. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors explore how a liquidity shock (or a decrease in the interest rate) affects house prices and the real economy through the asset price and the collateral channel. Then, they analyze how a house price shock in the periphery and a technology shock in the core countries are transmitted to both economies. Findings The authors find that a combination of an increase in liquidity in the euro area coming from the common monetary policy, together with asymmetric house price and technology shocks, contributed to an increase in house prices in the euro area and a stronger credit growth in the peripheral economies. Originality/value This paper represents the theoretical counterpart to empirical studies that show, through macroeconometric models, the interrelation between liquidity and other shocks with house prices. Using a DSGE model with housing, the authors disentangle the mechanisms behind these empirical findings.

The impact of future cities on commuting patterns: An agent-based approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079-1096
Author(s):  
Marcello Marini ◽  
Anna P Gawlikowska ◽  
Andrea Rossi ◽  
Ndaona Chokani ◽  
Hubert Klumpner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Simulation Framework ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Commuting Time ◽  
Commuting Patterns ◽  
The Impact

Over the next 35 years, the population of Switzerland is expected to grow by 25%. One possible way to accommodate this larger population is to transform smaller cities in Switzerland through the direct intervention of urban planners. In this work, we integrate agent-based simulation models of people flow, mobility and urban infrastructure with models of the electricity and gas systems to examine the increase of the density of existing residential zones and the creation of new workplaces and commercial activities in these urban areas. This novel simulation framework is used to assess, for the year 2050, two different scenarios of urbanization in a region with small urban areas. It is shown that a densification scenario, with a preference for multi-dwelling buildings, consumes 93% less land than a sprawl scenario, with a preference for single-family houses. The former scenario also accommodates 27% more people than the latter scenario, as there is a higher penetration of battery electric vehicles – and therefore reduced air pollution from the transportation sector – and also a larger shift of commuters to the use of public transport. However, in the former scenario, the commuting time is 20% longer. The outcome of this work demonstrates how this novel simulation framework can be used to support the formulation of policies that can direct the transformation of urban areas.

The unequal commute: Comparing commuting patterns across income and racial worker subgroups

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110688
Author(s):  
Yujie Hu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analytics ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Harris County ◽  
Commuting Flows ◽  
Choropleth Mapping ◽  
Household Dynamics ◽  
Journey To Work ◽  
Commuting Patterns

The spatial dimension of the journey-to-work has important implications for land use and development policymaking and has been widely studied. One thrust of this research is concerned with the disaggregation of workers into subgroups for understanding disparities in commute. Most of these studies, however, were limited to the disaggregation by single socioeconomic class. Hence, this research aims to examine commuting disparities across commuter subgroups stratified by two socioeconomic variables—income and race—using a visual analytics approach. By applying the doubly constrained spatial interaction model to the 2014 Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics data, this research first synthesizes commuting flows for Downtown Houston workers across income-race subgroups at the tract level in Harris County, Texas, USA. It then uses bivariate choropleth mapping to visualize the spatial distributions of major Downtown Houston commuter neighborhoods by income-race classes, and significant commuting disparities are identified across income-race subgroups. The results highlight the importance of considering income and race simultaneously for commuting research. The visualization could help policymakers clearly identify the unequal commute across worker subgroups and inform policymaking.

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