scholarly journals THE FEATURES OF THE FUNCTIONAL MODELS OF HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Zheltenkov
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Functional Models ◽  
Care Systems

scholarly journals PATIENT-CENTERED MEDICINE: BACKGROUND TO THE TRANSFORMATION AND COMPONENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Khalfin ◽  
V. V. Madyanova ◽  
O. E. Kachkova ◽  
I. D. Demina ◽  
T. I. Krishtaleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Patient Centered Medicine ◽  
Quality Of Medical Care

Purpose of the study. To analyze the concept of creating patient-oriented medicine, the prerequisites for its emergence, the difficulties of introducing it into existing health systems based on foreign experience. Materials and methods. The main materials of the study were used sources of foreign literature, which presents the concept of patient-oriented medicine, analyzed the prerequisites for changing models of health care in the European Union, USA and Asia in accordance with the principles of patient-oriented medicine, as well as data on the components and levels of patient-oriented medicine in foreign countries Results. The analyzed literature quite fully describes the difficulties of introducing patient-oriented medicine into existing health care systems. Particular attention should be paid to a multidisciplinary approach, continuity at different levels of medical care and effective communication between the physician and the patient towards the integration of this model into clinical practice. The analysis of the availability of medical care in developed countries and its dependence on social status, ethnicity and disease of the patient. Conclusion. Patient-oriented medicine is a new model for planning, implementing and evaluating medical services, which is based on mutually beneficial partnerships between medical workers, patients and their families. Taking into account the current problems of domestic health care, the introduction of the patient-oriented model will significantly improve the quality of medical care provided to the population of our country. Globally, the implementation of the principles of this model is far from complete. In the Russian Federation, targeted work in this direction requires additional scientific research, systematization of available data, and development of new legal documents

scholarly journals Describing practices of priority setting and resource allocation in publicly funded health care systems of high-income countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brayan V. Seixas ◽  
Dean A. Regier ◽  
Stirling Bryan ◽  
Craig Mitton
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Priority Setting ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Income ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Care Systems

Abstract Background Healthcare spending has grown over the last decades in all developed countries. Making hard choices for investments in a rational, evidence-informed, systematic, transparent and legitimate manner constitutes an important objective. Yet, most scientific work in this area has focused on developing/improving prescriptive approaches for decision making and presenting case studies. The present work aimed to describe existing practices of priority setting and resource allocation (PSRA) within the context of publicly funded health care systems of high-income countries and inform areas for further improvement and research. Methods An online qualitative survey, developed from a theoretical framework, was administered with decision-makers and academics from 18 countries. 450 individuals were invited and 58 participated (13% of response rate). Results We found evidence that resource allocation is still largely carried out based on historical patterns and through ad hoc decisions, despite the widely held understanding that decisions should be based on multiple explicit criteria. Health technology assessment (HTA) was the tool most commonly indicated by respondents as a formal priority setting strategy. Several approaches were reported to have been used, with special emphasis on Program Budgeting and Marginal Analysis (PBMA), but limited evidence exists on their evaluation and routine use. Disinvestment frameworks are still very rare. There is increasing convergence on the use of multiple types of evidence to judge the value of investment options. Conclusions Efforts to establish formal and explicit processes and rationales for decision-making in priority setting and resource allocation have been still rare outside the HTA realm. Our work indicates the need of development/improvement of decision-making frameworks in PSRA that: 1) have well-defined steps; 2) are based on multiple criteria; 3) are capable of assessing the opportunity costs involved; 4) focus on achieving higher value and not just on adoption; 5) engage involved stakeholders and the general public; 6) make good use and appraisal of all evidence available; and 6) emphasize transparency, legitimacy, and fairness.

scholarly journals TRENDS OF INDICATORS CHARACTERIZING THE BURDEN OF TYPE 2 DIABETES ON HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS IN UKRAINE AND SOME DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Mykhalchyshyn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Purpose of the study. Is to compare the epidemiological trends (2000–2017) of indicators characterizing the burden of type 2 diabetes on health care systems in Ukraine and some developed countries. Materials and methods. The trends in morbidity, prevalence, mortality, years lived with disability (YLDs), as well as disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in type 2 diabetes (per 100 thousand of population) were analyzed. Results. Over a period of 2000–2017, the incidence of type 2 diabetes in Ukraine increased by 10,4%, in Belarus – by 9,2%, in Poland – by 28,1%, in Germany – by 32,1% and in the United States – by 69,6%. Accordingly, the largest increase in the prevalence occurred in the United States (by 83,2%), Germany (by 40,0%) and Poland (by 42,6%) and the least in Ukraine (by 9,9%). The mortality rate in Ukraine as of 2017 was lower than in the USA, Poland and Germany, respectively: 4,0 against 17,4; 13,8; 20,6 per 100 thousand of population. The largest increase in YLDs and DALY occurred in the United States (by 81,0% and 45,6%), Germany (by 45,2% and 28,8%), Poland (by 41,6% and 45,4%), against the background of a slight increase in Ukraine (by 10,2% and 7,8%). Conclusions. Over a period of 2000–2017, the trends of indicators characterizing the burden of type 2 diabetes on the health care systems of Ukraine and other countries differ, which requires further analysis and clarification of this situation. Keywords: burden, incidence, prevalence, YLDs, DALY, type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Health Care Systems in Three Developed Countries: Germany, Sweden and the United States

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-48
Author(s):  
Kwangho Jung
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
International Health ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Access Cost ◽  
Universal Health Care Coverage ◽  
Care Systems

There is a growing interest in the comparison of international health care data with the hope that such studies will enable individual systems to learn from other systems. There are, however, few rigorous comparative studies of health care systems. There is little evidence to suggest which model is to be preferred in what circumstances. This paper attempts to compare health care systems in three developed countries, including Germany, Sweden and the United States in terms of access, cost and quality. This paper suggests potential policies for population health in developed countries. They include universal health care coverage, the reduction of poverty and income inequality and the reallocation from health care expenditures to non-health care expenditures.

The Challenges of Treating Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Hollaus ◽  
Wolf Bühl ◽  
Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth ◽  
Stefan Sacu
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Effective Form ◽  
Care Systems

AbstractAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the main causes of visual impairment and blindness in patients over 60 years in developed countries. Whilst no effective form of therapy is available for the dry form of AMD, intravitreal application of anti-VEGF substances is able to prevent the progression of neovascular AMD (nAMD) in most cases. Aside from the drugs ranibizumab, aflibercept and brolucizumab, other agents such as bevacizumab are often used off-label in order to save expense. The treatment intervals have also been refined, so as to reduce the burden on patients and health care systems. After fixed injection intervals, the pro re nata-regimen has been developed. Each month, it is decided whether the patient receives intravitreal injections based on fixed criteria. In the treat and extend-protocol, patients receive injections on each visit, but the intervals between injections vary due to the clinical outcomes. The observe-and-plan regime allows scheduling of the injection intervals in blocks, for three consecutive injections at a time. However, results of real-world studies were not able to reproduce those obtained in the pivotal studies. A high number of visits and fear of the injection procedure impose a burden on patients, that is mostly accepted due to fear of vision loss. Caregivers also complain of loss of productivity and income from having to provide regular support to patients. Health care systems worldwide are affected by increasing treatment numbers and the costs involved. The treatment of nAMD constitutes an achievement for modern medicine. However, despite the challenges, it must be evaluated and reviewed repeatedly in order to provide the best therapy for patients.

International Health and Psychiatry

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger C Bland
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
World Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Care Systems

Objective: To abstract and evaluate data on psychiatric illness and health care in Canada from a recent major World Bank/World Health Organization (WHO) publication. Method: A review of the publication and related material provides a picture of the level of disability produced by neuropsychiatric disorders. Changing patterns of life expectancy in developing countries, and some social factors associated with prevention are extracted. Results: Psychiatric disorders account for 15% of disability and premature death in developed countries. A surprisingly small percentage is accounted for by psychoses, and more than expected by post-traumatic stress disorders. Violence against women is highlighted as a risk factor for psychiatric disorders. Objectives for health care systems — improving outcomes, reaching the disadvantaged and containing costs — are detailed. Conclusions: Although little formal attention is given to psychiatric disorders, there is a wealth of information about the extent of disability produced by neuropsychiatric disorders, and future directions of health care systems.

The experience of different countries in the fight against the coronavirus infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Konstantin Robertovich Gulyabin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
National Disaster

The coronavirus pandemic was the first epidemic to hit humanity in the 21st century and a serious challenge to health care systems around the world, most of which were completely unprepared for such a scale of the problem. Starting in China at the end of 2019, the infection quickly spread around the world. Different countries have taken unprecedented measures of various content aimed at curbing the coronavirus: some put an emphasis on strict isolation and separation of people, others - on mass testing, and some - on self-isolation of citizens arriving from abroad. Meanwhile, social measures proved more effective than medical measures in some cases. In the developed countries of East and Southeast Asia, due to the sufficient awareness of citizens and a high level of trust in the ruling authorities, the measures to contain the epidemic were very successful, while in some countries of South America and India the epidemic has become a national disaster. Almost two years after the start of the pandemic, it is still too early to speak about any meaningful predictions, however, thanks to the mass vaccination that has begun in most countries, the prospect of containing the further spread of the infection is becoming real.

Peter Berman and M. E. Khan. Paying for India's Health Care. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1993. 326 pp.Hardbound. Indian Rs 295.00.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-222
Author(s):  
Mir Annice Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Opportune Time ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
User Fee ◽  
Financing Health Care ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Health care systems in both developing and developed countries are in a state of crisis. The burden of providing medical care for those who require it is stretching government budgets'. To reduce the pressure on the budgets, alternative measures, e.g., the introduction of a user fee, have been taken so that the responsibility of financing health care is shared by all. The use of such fees has become common practice even in developing countries like India, where socialised medicine has formed a major plank of social development. This crisis in the financing of health care systems has resulted in the publication of numerous articles and books describing the problems and suggesting the methods for their solution, as well as experimenting with novel ways to provide the finances needed for an efficient health care system. Thus, this book has been published at a very opportune time.

Cardiovascular Disease among Patients with Diabetes: The Current Scenario in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asirvatham Alwin Robert ◽  
Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Care Systems

: One of the well-recognized conditions linked to diabetes mellitus (DM) is cardiovascular disease (CVD). Those affected by DM face greater risk for early onset of CVD. Although huge strides have been made in cardiovascular therapy and prevention, with striking results in decreasing diabetes-related coronary mortality in developed countries, the morbidity and mortality due to CVD continue to remain high among patients with diabetes. While there is an increasing incidence of cardiovascular event survivors with DM across the world, the number of DM patients with higher cardiovascular risk is predicted to soar, presenting a massive challenge for health care systems globally, including Saudi Arabia. A report of the Saudi Scientific Diabetes Society indicates that more than 50% of patients with DM die due to cardiovascular causes. In fact, Saudi Arabia globally ranks among the top 10 countries in the prevalence of diabetes. However, the incidence of CVD and its risk factors among patients with diabetes in Saudi Arabia have not yet been well documented. This review aims to present an overview of CVD among patients with DM in Saudi Arabia, through a comprehensive review of currently available published literature. The findings indicate that diabetes linked CVD burden in Saudi Arabia is expected to exponentially increase to a very high degree unless a wide-ranging epidemic control program is initiated. The findings emphasize the need for maintenance of a healthy diet accompanied by exercise, an active lifestyle and weight control measures among the population. It is essential that the health care system focus on raising awareness among the population, and implement appropriate measures for prevention, early detection and suitable management of CVD among patients with DM.

Guidelines for the Clinical and Economic Assessment of Health Technologies

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Guyatt ◽  
Michael Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Adequate Evaluation

That new health technologies often diffuse into the health care systems of developed countries without adequate evaluation has long been a cause of concern (I). In addition, where clinical or economic assessments have been carried out, they often contain methodological weaknesses which reduce their usefulness to health policy makers or clinical practitioners (5,6).

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