Cardiovascular Disease among Patients with Diabetes: The Current Scenario in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asirvatham Alwin Robert ◽  
Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Care Systems

: One of the well-recognized conditions linked to diabetes mellitus (DM) is cardiovascular disease (CVD). Those affected by DM face greater risk for early onset of CVD. Although huge strides have been made in cardiovascular therapy and prevention, with striking results in decreasing diabetes-related coronary mortality in developed countries, the morbidity and mortality due to CVD continue to remain high among patients with diabetes. While there is an increasing incidence of cardiovascular event survivors with DM across the world, the number of DM patients with higher cardiovascular risk is predicted to soar, presenting a massive challenge for health care systems globally, including Saudi Arabia. A report of the Saudi Scientific Diabetes Society indicates that more than 50% of patients with DM die due to cardiovascular causes. In fact, Saudi Arabia globally ranks among the top 10 countries in the prevalence of diabetes. However, the incidence of CVD and its risk factors among patients with diabetes in Saudi Arabia have not yet been well documented. This review aims to present an overview of CVD among patients with DM in Saudi Arabia, through a comprehensive review of currently available published literature. The findings indicate that diabetes linked CVD burden in Saudi Arabia is expected to exponentially increase to a very high degree unless a wide-ranging epidemic control program is initiated. The findings emphasize the need for maintenance of a healthy diet accompanied by exercise, an active lifestyle and weight control measures among the population. It is essential that the health care system focus on raising awareness among the population, and implement appropriate measures for prevention, early detection and suitable management of CVD among patients with DM.

scholarly journals Οικονομική αξιολόγηση του ελληνικού συστήματος υγείας

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Νικόλαος Πολύζος ◽  
Στυλιανός Δρακόπουλος
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Main Element ◽  
International Context ◽  
Continuous Evaluation ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
And Control ◽  
Continuous Measures

<p>International analysis of macro-economic<br />indicators is the main element of economic<br />evaluation of health care systems. Health<br />expenditures have continuously increased<br />both in Greece and in the international context,<br />despite the continuous measures and the<br />reforms. Public fi nancing has remained<br />stable, while private fi nancing has gone<br />up. This situation is even worse in Greece,<br />where serious fi nancial inequalities, either<br />regionally, or among various social insurance<br />funds are predominant. Continuous evaluation<br />and control measures, along with a total<br />reconsideration and reform of fi nancing in<br />the health fi eld of our country will provide the<br />much needed solutions.</p>

scholarly journals PATIENT-CENTERED MEDICINE: BACKGROUND TO THE TRANSFORMATION AND COMPONENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Khalfin ◽  
V. V. Madyanova ◽  
O. E. Kachkova ◽  
I. D. Demina ◽  
T. I. Krishtaleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Patient Centered Medicine ◽  
Quality Of Medical Care

Purpose of the study. To analyze the concept of creating patient-oriented medicine, the prerequisites for its emergence, the difficulties of introducing it into existing health systems based on foreign experience. Materials and methods. The main materials of the study were used sources of foreign literature, which presents the concept of patient-oriented medicine, analyzed the prerequisites for changing models of health care in the European Union, USA and Asia in accordance with the principles of patient-oriented medicine, as well as data on the components and levels of patient-oriented medicine in foreign countries Results. The analyzed literature quite fully describes the difficulties of introducing patient-oriented medicine into existing health care systems. Particular attention should be paid to a multidisciplinary approach, continuity at different levels of medical care and effective communication between the physician and the patient towards the integration of this model into clinical practice. The analysis of the availability of medical care in developed countries and its dependence on social status, ethnicity and disease of the patient. Conclusion. Patient-oriented medicine is a new model for planning, implementing and evaluating medical services, which is based on mutually beneficial partnerships between medical workers, patients and their families. Taking into account the current problems of domestic health care, the introduction of the patient-oriented model will significantly improve the quality of medical care provided to the population of our country. Globally, the implementation of the principles of this model is far from complete. In the Russian Federation, targeted work in this direction requires additional scientific research, systematization of available data, and development of new legal documents

scholarly journals The COVID-19 pandemic in Norway and Sweden – threats, trust, and impact on daily life: A comparative survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Helsingen ◽  
Erle Refsum ◽  
Dagrun Kyte Gjøstein ◽  
Magnus Løberg ◽  
Michael Bretthauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Care Systems

Abstract Background: Norway and Sweden have similar populations and health care systems, but different reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic. Norway closed educational institutions, and banned sports and cultural activities; Sweden kept most institutions and training facilities open. We aimed to compare peoples’ attitudes towards authorities and control measures, and perceived impact of the pandemic and implemented control measures on life in Norway and Sweden.Methods: Anonymous web-based surveys for individuals age 15 or older distributed through Facebook using the snowball method, in Norway and Sweden from mid-March to mid-April, 2020. The survey contained questions about perceived threat of the pandemic, views on infection control measures, and impact on daily life. We performed descriptive analyses of the responses and compared the two countries.Results: 3,508 individuals participated in the survey (Norway 3000; Sweden 508). 79% were women, the majority were 30-49 years (Norway 60%; Sweden 47%), and about 45% of the participants in both countries had more than four years of higher education.Participants had high trust in the health services, but differed in the degree of trust in their government (High trust in Norway 17%; Sweden 37%). More Norwegians than Swedes agreed that school closure was a good measure (Norway 66%; Sweden 18%), that countries with open schools were irresponsible (Norway 65%; Sweden 23%), and that the threat from repercussions of the mitigation measures were large or very large (Norway 71%; Sweden 56%). Both countries had a high compliance with infection preventive measures (> 98%). Many lived a more sedentary life (Norway 69%; Sweden 50%) and ate more (Norway 44%; Sweden 33%) during the pandemic. Conclusion: Sweden had more trust in the authorities, while Norwegians reported a more negative lifestyle during the pandemic. The level of trust in the health care system and self-reported compliance with preventive measures was high in both countries despite the differences in infection control measures.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 pandemic in Norway and Sweden – threats, trust, and impact on daily life: a comparative survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise M. Helsingen ◽  
◽  
Erle Refsum ◽  
Dagrun Kyte Gjøstein ◽  
Magnus Løberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Care Systems

Abstract Background Norway and Sweden have similar populations and health care systems, but different reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic. Norway closed educational institutions, and banned sports and cultural activities; Sweden kept most institutions and training facilities open. We aimed to compare peoples’ attitudes towards authorities and control measures, and perceived impact of the pandemic and implemented control measures on life in Norway and Sweden. Methods Anonymous web-based surveys for individuals age 15 or older distributed through Facebook using the snowball method, in Norway and Sweden from mid-March to mid-April, 2020. The survey contained questions about perceived threat of the pandemic, views on infection control measures, and impact on daily life. We performed descriptive analyses of the responses and compared the two countries. Results 3508 individuals participated in the survey (Norway 3000; Sweden 508). 79% were women, the majority were 30–49 years (Norway 60%; Sweden 47%), and about 45% of the participants in both countries had more than 4 years of higher education. Participants had high trust in the health services, but differed in the degree of trust in their government (High trust in Norway 17%; Sweden 37%). More Norwegians than Swedes agreed that school closure was a good measure (Norway 66%; Sweden 18%), that countries with open schools were irresponsible (Norway 65%; Sweden 23%), and that the threat from repercussions of the mitigation measures were large or very large (Norway 71%; Sweden 56%). Both countries had a high compliance with infection preventive measures (> 98%). Many lived a more sedentary life (Norway 69%; Sweden 50%) and ate more (Norway 44%; Sweden 33%) during the pandemic. Conclusion Sweden had more trust in the authorities, while Norwegians reported a more negative lifestyle during the pandemic. The level of trust in the health care system and self-reported compliance with preventive measures was high in both countries despite the differences in infection control measures.

scholarly journals Describing practices of priority setting and resource allocation in publicly funded health care systems of high-income countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brayan V. Seixas ◽  
Dean A. Regier ◽  
Stirling Bryan ◽  
Craig Mitton
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Priority Setting ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Income ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Care Systems

Abstract Background Healthcare spending has grown over the last decades in all developed countries. Making hard choices for investments in a rational, evidence-informed, systematic, transparent and legitimate manner constitutes an important objective. Yet, most scientific work in this area has focused on developing/improving prescriptive approaches for decision making and presenting case studies. The present work aimed to describe existing practices of priority setting and resource allocation (PSRA) within the context of publicly funded health care systems of high-income countries and inform areas for further improvement and research. Methods An online qualitative survey, developed from a theoretical framework, was administered with decision-makers and academics from 18 countries. 450 individuals were invited and 58 participated (13% of response rate). Results We found evidence that resource allocation is still largely carried out based on historical patterns and through ad hoc decisions, despite the widely held understanding that decisions should be based on multiple explicit criteria. Health technology assessment (HTA) was the tool most commonly indicated by respondents as a formal priority setting strategy. Several approaches were reported to have been used, with special emphasis on Program Budgeting and Marginal Analysis (PBMA), but limited evidence exists on their evaluation and routine use. Disinvestment frameworks are still very rare. There is increasing convergence on the use of multiple types of evidence to judge the value of investment options. Conclusions Efforts to establish formal and explicit processes and rationales for decision-making in priority setting and resource allocation have been still rare outside the HTA realm. Our work indicates the need of development/improvement of decision-making frameworks in PSRA that: 1) have well-defined steps; 2) are based on multiple criteria; 3) are capable of assessing the opportunity costs involved; 4) focus on achieving higher value and not just on adoption; 5) engage involved stakeholders and the general public; 6) make good use and appraisal of all evidence available; and 6) emphasize transparency, legitimacy, and fairness.

scholarly journals TRENDS OF INDICATORS CHARACTERIZING THE BURDEN OF TYPE 2 DIABETES ON HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS IN UKRAINE AND SOME DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Mykhalchyshyn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Purpose of the study. Is to compare the epidemiological trends (2000–2017) of indicators characterizing the burden of type 2 diabetes on health care systems in Ukraine and some developed countries. Materials and methods. The trends in morbidity, prevalence, mortality, years lived with disability (YLDs), as well as disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in type 2 diabetes (per 100 thousand of population) were analyzed. Results. Over a period of 2000–2017, the incidence of type 2 diabetes in Ukraine increased by 10,4%, in Belarus – by 9,2%, in Poland – by 28,1%, in Germany – by 32,1% and in the United States – by 69,6%. Accordingly, the largest increase in the prevalence occurred in the United States (by 83,2%), Germany (by 40,0%) and Poland (by 42,6%) and the least in Ukraine (by 9,9%). The mortality rate in Ukraine as of 2017 was lower than in the USA, Poland and Germany, respectively: 4,0 against 17,4; 13,8; 20,6 per 100 thousand of population. The largest increase in YLDs and DALY occurred in the United States (by 81,0% and 45,6%), Germany (by 45,2% and 28,8%), Poland (by 41,6% and 45,4%), against the background of a slight increase in Ukraine (by 10,2% and 7,8%). Conclusions. Over a period of 2000–2017, the trends of indicators characterizing the burden of type 2 diabetes on the health care systems of Ukraine and other countries differ, which requires further analysis and clarification of this situation. Keywords: burden, incidence, prevalence, YLDs, DALY, type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 pandemic in Norway and Sweden – threats, trust, and impact on daily life: A comparative survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Helsingen ◽  
Erle Refsum ◽  
Dagrun Kyte Gjøstein ◽  
Magnus Løberg ◽  
Michael Bretthauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Care Systems

Abstract Background: Norway and Sweden have similar populations and health care systems, but different reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic. Norway closed educational institutions, and banned sports and cultural activities; Sweden kept most institutions and training facilities open. We aimed to compare peoples’ attitudes towards authorities and control measures, and perceived impact of the pandemic and implemented control measures on life in Norway and Sweden. Methods: Anonymous web-based surveys for individuals age 15 or older distributed through Facebook using the snowball method, in Norway and Sweden from mid-March to mid-April, 2020. The survey contained questions about perceived threat of the pandemic, views on infection control measures, and impact on daily life. We performed descriptive analyses of the responses and compared the two countries. Results: 3,508 individuals participated in the survey (Norway 3000; Sweden 508). 79% were women, the majority were 30-49 years (Norway 60%; Sweden 47%), and about 45% of the participants in both countries had more than four years of higher education. Participants had high trust in the health services, but differed in the degree of trust in their government (High trust in Norway 17%; Sweden 37%). More Norwegians than Swedes agreed that school closure was a good measure (Norway 66%; Sweden 18%), that countries with open schools were irresponsible (Norway 65%; Sweden 23%), and that the threat from repercussions of the mitigation measures were large or very large (Norway 71%; Sweden 56%). Both countries had a high compliance with infection preventive measures (> 98%). Many lived a more sedentary life (Norway 69%; Sweden 50%) and ate more (Norway 44%; Sweden 33%) during the pandemic. Conclusion: Sweden had more trust in the authorities, while Norwegians reported a more negative lifestyle during the pandemic. The level of trust in the health care system and self-reported compliance with preventive measures was high in both countries despite the differences in infection control measures.

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