scholarly journals Substantial Motion: from Mulla Sadra's Philosophy to Physics

Author(s):  
Nafise Mostafavi ◽  
Zahra Arefinia

Substantial motion is Mulla Sadra's philosophical innovation in material existence. Since the four fundamental interactions are the major topics of physics, in this comparative study, substantial motion is tested based on physical achievements. The study aimed to find answers to the following questions: do the achievements made in physics strengthen or weaken the theory of substantial motion? If science strengthens it, which physical interactions are examples of substantial motion? Based on the results of the physics, how can some of the accidental changes be considered as Substantial motion? Mulla Sadra proved that material existence has a constant inherent fluidity. Three centuries later, quantum physics proved the dynamism within matter. Mulla Sadra showed that accidental motion is the cause of substantial motion. Similarly, science confirmed that any change in the properties of an object results from the internal interactions of the matter and the object. Furthermore, any motion in an object occurs along with the exchange of the particles carrying force. Accordingly, internal transformations in the matter including the intermolecular, intramolecular, atomic, and subatomic (at elementary particles and quarks level) are subsets of the substantial motion.

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-194
Author(s):  
Hyun-Sook So

Abstract In 2012, large amounts of white marble Buddhist statues of the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi Dynasties were unearthed from the Buddhist sculpture hoard at Bei Wuzhuang in Ye City Site. This paper makes a comparative study on a bodhisattva statue in meditation seated in half-lotus posture (resting right ankle on the knee of pendent left leg and holding right hand upward) among them and another sculpture of the same type and made in the same period unearthed at the Xiude Monastery site in Dingzhou; from the double-tree, stupa and coiling dragon designs shown by them, this paper explores the commonalities and differences of the Buddhist arts in these two areas. Moreover, this paper reveals that this motif emerged earlier in the Ye City area than in the Dingzhou area, and diffused to the latter after it became popular in the Ye City area. By these conclusions, this paper infers that the white marble meditating statue seated in half-lotus position with the date of the second year of Wuding Era (544 CE) in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, USA was produced in Ye City area.


Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 207 (3) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
FRITHJOF A.S. STERRENBURG ◽  
STUART R. STIDOLPH ◽  
EUGENIA A. SAR ◽  
Ines Sunesen

In continuation of an earlier paper on Pleurosigma species with an (almost) non-sigmoid valve and raphe sternum, a comparative study was made in LM and SEM of Pleurosigma subrectum and P. acus. For P. subrectum, slides and a subsample of the type material were examined. For P. acus no unmounted material permitting SEM investigation is extant; a sample containing specimens fully matching the type in LM was therefore used as epitype material for SEM. The original data on striation of P. acus are emended. No morphological differences indicating separate specific status of these two taxa were observed and P. acus is therefore here designated a heterotypic synonym of P. subrectum. From the data now available, this is a very widely distributed species. The study demonstrates the indispensable role of collections for investigations on the diversity and distribution of diatom species.


2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Nordal ◽  
D Moseng ◽  
B Kvammen ◽  
M-L Løchen

We compared the diagnoses made by one dermatologist via telemedicine with those of another dermatologist made in a face-to-face consultation. The patients first underwent a teledermatology consultation and then a face-to-face consultation. A general practitioner was present with the patient in the videoconference studio. Videoconferencing equipment connected at 384 kbit/s was used. The doctor-patient relationship and the satisfaction of the patients and dermatologists in the two settings were assessed, as well as technical conditions during the videoconferences. There were 121 patients, with a mean age of 40 years (range 17-82 years). There was a high degree of concordance between the two sets of diagnoses, with 72% complete agreement and 14% partial agreement between the two dermatologists. A total of 116 patients (96% of those included) completed a questionnaire. Both the patients and the dermatologists were in general satisfied with the videoconferences. Videoconferencing with a participating general practitioner may be useful in dermatology, but the technique should be used only for selected patients.


Author(s):  
Cornelia Mihaela Novac ◽  
Ovidiu Constantin Novac ◽  
Raluca Marina Sferle ◽  
Mircea Ioan Gordan ◽  
Gyongyi Bujdoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Hillo Abdelatti ◽  
Yasin Elhadary ◽  
Narimah Samat

Sudan and Malaysia have shown some socio-economic similarities especially when it comes to the issue of addressing poverty. After independence, almost half of the entire population of both countries were living under poverty line. The successive national governments in both countries have embarked on eliminating the extreme poverty. The aim of this paper is to highlight the policies and programmes adopted and implemented by policymakers in both countries in addressing poverty. The overall objective is to uncover the secret of the success and constraints faced both countries in addressing poverty. To achieve such objective, the paper based mainly on a desk review of recent documents and review of some recent researches' result. The paper has come out with that the similarities between both countries manifested itself in that both are classified as Muslim countries, have an agricultural background, inherited the same legacy as been colonized by British, their communities consist of various ethnic groups and minorities with sharp spatial and ethnic inequalities in income and social class. Despite these, Malaysia has succeeded in reducing poverty from over fifty 52.4% in 1970 to around one per cent 1.2 % in 2015, while less progress has been made in side of Sudan. Moreover, unlike Sudan, Malaysia has managed to achieve the MDGs goals in halving a head before the time determined, while Sudan has long way and it seems impossible to fulfil such objective even after 2015. Our findings have shown that, formulated home-grown policies, rejecting imposed policies by international institutions (World Bank), availability and accessibility of up to date poverty data, ability to implement policies and above all the political will are the main drivers behind the secret of success in the side of Malaysia and vice versa for Sudan. Sudan like other countries has to follow the Malaysia model if the decision makers are serious in eliminating poverty. This paper may contribute to the on-going discussion on poverty and open rooms for more comparative study between nations. Comparative study will help the planners in formulating rational policy, benefitting from exchanging ideas and learning from each.


Author(s):  
Gabriela Alor-Saavedra ◽  
Francisco Alejandro Alaffita-Hernández ◽  
Beatris Adriana Escobedo-Trujillo ◽  
Oscar Fernando Silva-Aguilar

This work makes a comparative study of two methods to determine deflection in steel beams: (a) Theoretical and (b) Finite element. For method (a) the solution of the differential equation associated with the modeling of the deflection of a beam is found, while for method (b) a simulation is made in Solidworks. Both methods are compared with experimental data in order to analyze which of the methods presents less uncertainty and show the usefulness of the theoretical part in the modeling of physical systems.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-382
Author(s):  
Bijan Haji Azizi ◽  
Marzieh Younesi

AbstractContract for practical investment are made in two forms, direct and indirect. Both of the contracts havedifferentiation so does the guaranteed interest condition for them. In the first method, which is the interest of direct investment, the owner of the capital is an investment agentand only interested investors are determined in terms and conditions. In this case from investment, interest is guaranteed by the fact that the investment recipient is committed to buy products produced at price that guarantee logical interest for investors. The accuracy of this guarantee condition is to ensure in term of Islamic law and jurisprudence because commitment to purchase is necessary condition. However in the second form, unlike the first, investor interest is indirectly decided and guaranteed and conditions are increasingly attractive by carrying out industrial and manufacturing activities. This form of interest is also considered legal and valid both in Islamic law and Iran's Civil Law and practically based on the principles of conditions and article 234 of Iran's civil law. So, the main problem of this research the validityof the guaranteed interest conditions in Iranian jurisprudence and law.Keywords: Guaranteed Profit Conditions, Jurisprudence, Iranian Law, MudarabahAbstrakKontrak untuk investasi praktis dibuat dalam dua bentuk, baik langsung maupun tidak langsung. Kedua metode investasi ini memiliki perbedaan, dan kondisi bunga yang dijamin untuk mereka juga akan berbeda. Pada metode pertama, yang merupakan bunga investasi langsung, pemilik modal adalah agen investasi, dan hanya bagi investor yang tertarik ditentukan dalam syarat dan ketentuan. Dalam hal investasi, bunga dijamin dengan fakta bahwa penerima investasi berkomitmen untuk membeli produk yang diproduksi dengan harga yang terjamin. Kondisi jaminan ini dipastikan baik dari segi hukum dan yurisprudensi Islam, karena adanya komitmen untuk membeli adalah syarat mutlak yang diperlukan. Namun dalam bentuk kedua, tidak seperti yang pertama, minat investor secara tidak langsung diputuskan dan dijamin dan kondisinya semakin menarik dengan melakukan kegiatan industri dan manufaktur. Bentuk minat ini juga dianggap sah, baik dalam hukum Islam dan Hukum Perdata Iran, serta sangat praktis berdasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip kelayakan dan pasal 234 hukum sipil Iran. Jadi, pertanyaan utama dari penelitian ini adalah seberapa validkah kondisi bunga yang dijamin dalam yurisprudensi dan hukum Iran?Kata kunci: Kondisi Keuntungan Terjamin, Yurisprudensi, Hukum Iran, MudarabahАннотацияКонтракты на практические инвестиции заключаются в двух формах - прямых и посредственных. У этих двух инвестиционных методов есть различия, и условия гарантированного процента для них также отличаются. В первом методе, который представляет интерес прямых инвестиций, владелец капитала также является инвестиционным агентом, и только заинтересованные инвесторы определяются по положениям и условиям. В случае инвестиций, интерес гарантируется тем фактом, что получатель инвестиций стремится покупать продукты, произведенные по гарантированным ценам. Условия данной гарантии обеспечиваются с точки зрения исламского права и исламской юриспруденции, поскольку обязательство по покупке является необходимым условием. Но во второй форме, в отличие от первой, заинтересованность инвестора определяется  и гарантируется посредственным образом, а условия становятся все более привлекательными при осуществлении промышленной и производственной деятельности. Эта форма также считается законной и действительной как в исламском праве, так и в гражданском праве Ирана и практически основана на принципах обладания правом и статье 234 гражданского права Ирана. Итак, главный вопрос этого исследования состоит в том, насколько верны условия гарантированного интереса в иранской юриспруденции и Иранском праве.Ключевые слова: условия гарантированной прибыли, юриспруденция, иранское право, мудараба  


2005 ◽  
Vol 494 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
A. Vasić ◽  
P. Osmokrović ◽  
B. Lončar ◽  
S. Stanković

Parameters that characterize semiconductor devices are often determined with difficulty, and their values very frequently depend on the method used for measurements and analysis. The extraction of diode parameters from the obtained I-V measurements could be complicated by their dependence on the voltage and the presence of series resistance. Therefore, an interpretation of the experimental I-V data must be very carefully made. In this paper, some methods for obtaining diode parameters such as saturation current, ideality factor and series resistance are presented. An evaluation of these methods based on their application for the extraction of the relevant parameters of photodiodes is also performed. Some of the methods that produce reliable and reproducible results are evaluated based on the experimentally obtained results, and in the view of the complexity of the used methods and their limitations.


1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Mohla ◽  
M. R. N. Prasad

ABSTRACT A comparative study of three non-steroidal anti-oestrogens (a dihydronaphthalene, UlllOOA; a diphenylindene derivative, U-11555A and MRL-41 (clomiphene) was made in order to study their mode of action and their interaction with oestrogen induced biochemical changes in the uterus. Pretreatment with UlllOOA, clomiphene or U11555A effectively blocked the oestrogen induced increase in uterine glycogen and protein synthesis. However, all the three compounds tested were found to be uterotrophic; clomiphene also increased uterine glycogen while U11555A showed a transient oestrogenic action in increasing uterine protein. Clomiphene and U11100A have been shown to inhibit the uptake of oestrogen at the receptor sites. Our results may be interpreted as indicating that pretreatment with these compounds (U11100A, clomiphene or U11555A) blocked the uterine receptor sites in such a manner so as to render ineffective the action of oestrogen administered subsequently.


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