scholarly journals Effect of antibiotics on the cellulolytic and nitrification activity of gray forest soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
T. A. Trifonova ◽  
A. G. Kosmacheva ◽  
S. M. Chesnokova
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Nitrification Activity ◽  
Ribosomal Operons

Aim. To investigate the effect of certain antibiotics - tylosin, oxytetracycline and benzylpenicillin - on the potential nitrifying and cellulolytic activity of gray forest soil using laboratory model research methods.Material and Methods. The object of the research was agricultural gray forest medium loamy soil. The study was carried out by conducting laboratory model experiments. The analysed samples were incubated at 27°C and in the absence of illumination for 30 days and then subsequently analysed for cellulolytic activity (by the application method) and nitrification activity (by the potentiometric method). The taxonomic composition of the bacterial community of the studied soil was established based on analysis of amplicon libraries of fragments of ribosomal operons of 16S rRNA genes by the NGS method.Results. The largest number of nitrification organisms in the soil studied were archaea of the family Nitrososphaeraceae which are autotrophic ammonium oxidants. Most resistant to the effects of the antibiotics used was cellulolytic activity which was suppressed only by the addition of tylosin and its admixture with oxytetracycline. The nitrification activity of the soil varied depending on the concentration and preparations applied, the greatest inhibitory effect being exerted by tylosin. Antibiotic mixtures slightly enhanced the nitrification process at 50-100 mg/kg and were suppressed in the range of 150-700 mg/kg. Conclusion. Once in the soil, the antibiotics studied are capable of both stimulating and inhibiting enzymatic processes. Mixtures of antibiotics rather than their individual applications produce the greatest impact. In medium loamy gray forest soil the presence of antibiotics is more dangerous to nitrification activity. 

scholarly journals Sputum Microbiome Composition in Patients With Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Baranova ◽  
V. G. Druzhinin ◽  
L. V. Matskova ◽  
P. S. Demenkov ◽  
V. P . Volobaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Genome Damage

Abstract Recent findings indicate that the microbiome can have a significant impact on the development of lung cancer by inducing inflammatory responses, causing dysbiosis and generating genome damage. The aim of this study was to search for bacterial markers of squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). In the study, the taxonomic composition of the sputum microbiome of 40 men with untreated LUSC was compared with 40 healthy controls. Next Generation sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes was used to determine the taxonomic composition of the respiratory microbiome. There was no differences in alpha diversity between the LUSC and control groups. Meanwhile, differences in the structure of bacterial communities (β diversity) among patients and controls differed significantly in sputum samples (pseudo-F = 1.65; p = 0.026). Only Streptococcus, Bacillus, Gemella and Haemophilus were found to be significantly increased in patients with LUSC compared to the control subjects, while 19 bacterial genera were significantly reduced, indicating a decrease in beta diversity in the microbiome of patients with LUSC. From our study, Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) emerges as the most likely LUSC biomarker, but more research is needed to confirm this assumption.

scholarly journals Taxonomic composition and biodiversity of the gut microbiome from patients with irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, and asthma

2022 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 864-873
Author(s):  
A. Y. Tikunov ◽  
A. N. Shvalov ◽  
V. V. Morozov ◽  
I. V. Babkin ◽  
G. V. Seledtsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Irritable Bowel

To date, the association of an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota with various human diseases, including both diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and disorders of the immune system, has been shown. However, despite the huge amount of accumulated data, many key questions still remain unanswered. Given limited data on the composition of the gut microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) from different parts of Siberia, as well as the lack of data on the gut microbiota of patients with bronchial asthma (BA), the aim of the study was to assess the biodiversity of the gut microbiota of patients with IBS, UC and BA in comparison with those of healthy volunteers (HV). In this study, a comparative assessment of the biodiversity and taxonomic structure of gut microbiome was conducted based on the sequencing of 16S rRNA genes obtained from fecal samples of patients with IBS, UC, BA and volunteers. Sequences of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes types dominated in all samples studied. The third most common in all samples were sequences of the Proteobacteria type, which contains pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria. Sequences of the Actinobacteria type were, on average, the fourth most common. The results showed the presence of dysbiosis in the samples from patients compared to the sample from HVs. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was lower in the IBS and UC samples than in HV and higher the BA samples. In the samples from patients with intestinal diseases (IBS and UC), an increase in the proportion of sequences of the Bacteroidetes type and a decrease in the proportion of sequences of the Clostridia class, as well as the Ruminococcaceae, but not Erysipelotrichaceae family, were found. The IBS, UC, and BA samples had signif icantly more Proteobacteria sequences, including Methylobacterium, Sphingomonas, Parasutterella, Halomonas, Vibrio, as well as Escherichia spp. and Shigella spp. In the gut microbiota of adults with BA, a decrease in the proportion of Roseburia, Lachnospira, Veillonella sequences was detected, but the share of Faecalibacterium and Lactobacillus sequences was the same as in healthy individuals. A signif icant increase in the proportion of Halomonas and Vibrio sequences in the gut microbiota in patients with BA has been described for the f irst time.

scholarly journals Responses of Active Ammonia Oxidizers and Nitrification Activity in Eutrophic Lake Sediments to Nitrogen and Temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Wu ◽  
Cheng Han ◽  
Guangwei Zhu ◽  
Wenhui Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizers ◽  
Nitrogen Input ◽  
Nitrification Activity ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs

ABSTRACTAmmonium concentrations and temperature drive the activities of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), but their effects on these microbes in eutrophic freshwater sediments are unclear. In this study, surface sediments collected from areas of Taihu Lake (China) with different degrees of eutrophication were incubated under three levels of nitrogen input and temperature, and the autotrophic growth of ammonia oxidizers was assessed using13C-labeled DNA-based stable-isotope probing (SIP), while communities were characterized using MiSeq sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA genes. Nitrification rates in sediment microcosms were positively correlated with nitrogen inputs, but there was no marked association with temperature. Incubation of SIP microcosms indicated that AOA and AOBamoAgenes were labeled by13C at 20°C and 30°C in the slightly eutrophic sediment, and AOBamoAgenes were labeled to a much greater extent than AOAamoAgenes in the moderately eutrophic sediment after 56 days. Phylogenetic analysis of13C-labeled 16S rRNA genes revealed that the active AOA were mainly affiliated with theNitrosopumiluscluster, with theNitrososphaeracluster dominating in the slightly eutrophic sediment at 30°C with low ammonium input (1 mM). Active AOB communities were more sensitive to nitrogen input and temperature than were AOA communities, and they were exclusively dominated by theNitrosomonascluster, which tended to be associated withNitrosomonadaceae-like lineages.Nitrosomonassp. strain Is79A3 tended to dominate the moderately eutrophic sediment at 10°C with greater ammonium input (2.86 mM). The relative abundance responses of the major active communities to nitrogen input and temperature gradients varied, indicating niche differentiation and differences in the physiological metabolism of ammonia oxidizers that are yet to be described.IMPORTANCEBoth archaea and bacteria contribute to ammonia oxidation, which plays a central role in the global cycling of nitrogen and is important for reducing eutrophication in freshwater environments. The abundance and activities of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria in eutrophic limnic sediments vary with different ammonium concentrations or with seasonal shifts, and how the two factors affect nitrification activity, microbial roles, and active groups in different eutrophic sediments is unclear. The significance of our research is in identifying the archaeal and bacterial responses to anthropogenic activity and climate change, which will greatly enhance our understanding of the physiological metabolic differences of ammonia oxidizers.

Changes in the structure and diversity of bacterial communities during the process of adaptation to organic wastewater

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junmin Li ◽  
Zexin Jin ◽  
Binbin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

To explore changes in the structure and diversity of activated sludge-derived microbial communities during adaptation to gradual increases in the concentration of wastewater, RAPD–PCR and the combination of PCR amplification of 16S rRNA genes with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis were used. In bacterial communities exposed to 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, or 40% wastewater, there were 27, 25, 18, 17 and 16 bands, respectively, based on DGGE data, while there were 69, 83, 97, 86, and 88 bands, respectively, based on RAPD data. The community similarity index among bacterial communities during the process of adaptation to different concentrations of wastewater was different based on DGGE and RAPD data. Based on DGGE and RAPD profiles, the Shannon–Weiner and Simpson’s diversity indices decreased sharply upon exposure to 10% wastewater, indicating that 10% wastewater might be a critical point at which the growth of bacteria could be significantly inhibited and the genotypic diversity could change. This indicated that changes in structure and diversity might have an inhibitory effect on the toxicity of organic matter and that selection and adaptation could play important roles in the changes.

scholarly journals A Metagenomic-Based Approach for the Characterization of Bacterial Diversity Associated with Spontaneous Malolactic Fermentations in Wine

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 3980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Berbegal ◽  
Luigimaria Borruso ◽  
Mariagiovanna Fragasso ◽  
Maria Tufariello ◽  
Pasquale Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Alcoholic Fermentation ◽  
Oenococcus Oeni ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Microbial Resources ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
First Time

This study reports the first application of a next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. The analysis was designed to monitor the effect of the management of microbial resources associated with alcoholic fermentation on spontaneous malolactic consortium. Together with the analysis of 16S rRNA genes from the metagenome, we monitored the principal parameters linked to MLF (e.g., malic and lactic acid concentration, pH). We encompass seven dissimilar concrete practices to manage microorganisms associated with alcoholic fermentation: Un-inoculated must (UM), pied-de-cuve (PdC), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), S. cerevisiae and Torulaspora delbrueckii co-inoculated and sequentially inoculated, as well as S. cerevisiae and Metschnikowia pulcherrima co-inoculated and sequentially inoculated. Surprisingly, each experimental modes led to different taxonomic composition of the bacterial communities of the malolactic consortia, in terms of prokaryotic phyla and genera. Our findings indicated that, uncontrolled AF (UM, PdC) led to heterogeneous consortia associated with MLF (with a relevant presence of the genera Acetobacter and Gluconobacter), when compared with controlled AF (SC) (showing a clear dominance of the genus Oenococcus). Effectively, the SC trial malic acid was completely degraded in about two weeks after the end of AF, while, on the contrary, malic acid decarboxylation remained uncomplete after 7 weeks in the case of UM and PdC. In addition, for the first time, we demonstrated that both (i) the inoculation of different non-Saccharomyces (T. delbrueckii and M. pulcherrima) and, (ii) the inoculation time of the non-Saccharomyces with respect to S. cerevisiae resources (co-inoculated and sequentially inoculated) influence the composition of the connected MLF consortia, modulating MLF performance. Finally, we demonstrated the first findings of delayed and inhibited MLF when M. pulcherrima, and T. delbrueckii were inoculated, respectively. In addition, as a further control test, we also assessed the effect of the inoculation with Oenococcus oeni and Lactobacillus plantarum at the end of alcoholic fermentation, as MLF starter cultures. Our study suggests the potential interest in the application of NGS analysis, to monitor the effect of alcoholic fermentation on the spontaneous malolactic consortium, in relation to wine.

scholarly journals Isolation, biochemical characterization and phylogeny of a cellulose-degrading ruminal bacterium

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Lorena Luna ◽  
David Hernández ◽  
Hilda V Silva ◽  
Mario A Cobos ◽  
Sergio S González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Culture Techniques

Background: The isolation of cellulolytic bacteria, which hydrolyze cellulose to cellobiose and glucose, can provide useful information about rumen diversity. Objective: To identify and characterize a microorganism capable of hydrolyzing cellulose, isolated from a cow rumen. Methods: Anaerobic culture techniques were used for isolating cellulose-degrading rumen bacteria. Congo red staining was used to evaluate β-D-glucanase activity, and carbohydrate fermentation pattern was obtained with the kit API 50CHB/E. DNA extraction was performed and the 16S rDNA gene was amplified using 8F (5'-AGA GTT TGA TCC TGG CTC AG-3'), and 1492R (5' GGT TAC CTT GTT ACG ACT T 3') primers. The phylogenetic tree was reconstructed with the algorithm of maximum parsimony (bootstrap 5000), and 16S rDNA sequence was deposited in the NCBI database (accession number: KM094184). Results: The isolated bacterium showed cellulolytic activity detected with Congo red; besides, glycerol, ribose, xylose, sucrose, galactose and glucose were fermented by this bacterium. However, biochemical tests did not identify the bacteria because no match was found at database of API WEB Software. The phylogenetic inference indicated that this bacterium belongs to Shigella genus, with 98% maximal identity respect to the other taxonomic species. Conclusions: Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA genes showed that the rumen isolated bacterium was a member of the genus Shigella, which, under mesophilic conditions, is an interesting candidate for obtaining oligosaccharides from lignocellulosic biomass.Keywords: cellulolytic, fermentation, monophyletic, rumen, Shigella. Resumen Antecedentes: El aislamiento de las bacterias celulolíticas, que hidrolizan la celulosa a celobiosa y glucosa, proporciona valiosa información sobre la diversidad del rumen,. Objetivo: Identificar y caracterizar un microorganismo capaz de hidrolizar celulosa, aislado de un rumen vacuno. Métodos: Se utilizaron técnicas de cultivo anaeróbico para aislar bacterias ruminales que degradan celulosa. La tinción con rojo Congo se usó para evaluar la actividad β-D-glucanasa y el patrón de fermentación de carbohidratos se obtuvo con el kit API 50CHB/E. Se realizó la extracción de DNA y se amplificó el gen de 16S rDNA utilizando los cebadores 8F (5'-AGA GTT TGA TCC TGG CTC AG-3'), y 1492R (5' GGT TAC CTT GTT ACG ACT T 3'). El árbol filogenético se reconstruyó con el algoritmo de máxima parsimonia (replicas 5000) y la secuencia 16S rDNA se depositó en la base de datos del NCBI (número de acceso: KM094184). Resultados: La bacteria aislada mostró actividad celulolítica detectada con la tinción de rojo Congo; además, esta bacteria fermenta glicerol, ribosa, xilosa, sacarosa, galactosa y glucosa. Sin embargo, las pruebas bioquímicas no permitieron identificar a la bacteria aislada, por no encontrar coincidencias en la base de datos del software API WEB. La inferencia filogenética indicó que esta bacteria pertenece al género Shigella, con 98% de identidad máxima respecto a las otras especies taxonómicas. Conclusiones: El análisis filogenético del gen 16S rRNA mostró que la bacteria aislada del rumen es un miembro del género Shigella que, en condiciones mesófilas, es un candidato interesante para obtener oligosacáridos a partir de biomasa lignocelulósica.Palabras clave: celulolítica, fermentación, monofilético, rumen, Shigella. ResumoAntecedentes: As bactérias celulolíticas hidrolizam a celulosa em celobiose e glicose, e o isolamento desses microrganismos fornece informações sobre a diversidade do rúmen. Objetivo: Identificar e caracterizar um microorganismo isolada do rúmen de uma vaca, com capacidade para hidrolisar a celulose. Métodos: Técnicas de cultura anaeróbica foram utilizadas para isolar bactérias ruminais que degradam a celulose. A atividade β-D-glucanase foi mostrada utilizando mancha de vermelho Congo, e o padrão de fermentação de carbohidratos foi obtida com o kit API 50CHB/E. A extracção foi realizada de DNA e amplificou-se os genes 16S rDNA utilizando os iniciadores 8F (AGA GTT TGA 5'-TCC TGG CTC AG-3'), e 1492R (5' CTT GGT TAC GTT ACG TCA T 3'). A árvore filogenética foi reconstruída com o algoritmo de máxima parcimônia (réplicas 5000). A sequência de rDNA 16S foi depositada no banco de dados do NCBI (número de acesso: KM094184). Resultados: O isolado mostrou uma atividade celulolítica com coloração vermelho Congo; además esta bactéria fermentação de glicerol, ribose, xilose, sacarose, galactose e glicose. No entanto, com as provas bioquímicas não se identificou a bactérias isolada, já que não se encontrou na base de dados do software API WEB. A inferência filogenética indicou que esta bactéria pertence ao género Shigella, com 98% de identidade de máximo respeito para outras espécies taxonômicas. Conclusão: A análise filogenética do gene 16S rRNA mostrou as bactérias isoladas do ambiente ruminal como um membro do género Shigella, que condições mesofilicas é um candidato atraente para obter oligossacarídeos da biomassa lignocelulósica.Palavras-chave: celulolítica, fermentação, monofilético, rúmen, Shigella.

scholarly journals Novel Cultivation-Based Approach To Understanding the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group (MCG) Archaea from Sedimentary Ecosystems

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (20) ◽  
pp. 6400-6406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma J. Gagen ◽  
Harald Huber ◽  
Travis Meador ◽  
Kai-Uwe Hinrichs ◽  
Michael Thomm
Keyword(s):  
Basal Medium ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACTThe uncultured miscellaneous crenarchaeotic group (MCG) archaea comprise one of the most abundant microbial groups in the Earth's subsurface environment. However, very little information is available regarding the lifestyle, physiology, and factors controlling the distribution of members of this group. We established a novel method using both cultivation and molecular techniques, including a pre-PCR propidium monoazide treatment, to investigate viable members of the MCGin vitro. Enrichment cultures prepared from estuarine sediment were provided with one of a variety of carbon substrates or cultivation conditions and incubated for 3 weeks. Compared with the samples from time zero, there was an order-of-magnitude increase in the number of MCG 16S rRNA genes in almost all cultures, indicating that MCG archaea are amenable toin vitrocultivation. None of the tested substrates or conditions significantly stimulated growth of MCG archaea more than the basal medium alone; however, glycerol (0.02%) had a significantly inhibitory effect (P< 0.05). Diversity analysis of populations resulting from four culture treatments (basal medium, addition of amino acids, H2-CO2as the gas phase, or initial aerobic conditions) revealed that the majority of viable MCG archaea were affiliated with the MCG-8 and MCG-4 clusters. There were no significant differences in MCG diversity between these treatments, also indicating that some members of MCG-4 and MCG-8 are tolerant of initially oxic conditions. The methods outlined here will be useful for further investigation of MCG archaea and comparison of substrates and cultivation conditions that influence their growthin vitro.

The effectiveness of granular chalk use for growing winter wheat on grey forest soil

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
M. Tkachenko ◽  
N. Borys ◽  
Ye. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Grey Forest Soil

The research aims to establish the eff ectiveness of granular chalk use produced by «Slavuta-Calcium» Ltd. under growing Poliska–90 winter wheat variety, changing the physicochemical properties of grey forest soil and the wheat productivity. It also aims to establish optimal dosis of «Slavuta-Calcium» granular chalk as the meliorant and mineral fertilizer for grey forest soil in the system of winter wheat fertilization. In the temporary fi eld studies, various doses of nutrients N60–90–120P30–45–60K60–90–120 combined with «Slavuta–Calcium» granular chalk in a dose of Ca230–460–690 kg/ha of the active substance were studied against the background of secondary plowing of rotation products – soybean biomass that averaged 2.34 t/ha. Granular chalk is a modern complex highly eff ective meliorant with the content of Ca – 37.7 and Mg – 0.2 %, the mass fraction of carbonates (CaCO3 + MgCO3) makes at least 95 %. It is characterized by a high level of solubility when interacting with moisture in soil. It has a form of white granules, the mass fraction of 4.0–6.0 mm in size granules makes not less than 90 % and the one of 1.0 mm in size makes less than 5 %. Reactivity – 97 %. The granular chalk is advisable to apply on acidic soils, as a highly concentrated calcium-magnesium fertilizer, with the former as the dominant fertilizer, to optimize the physicochemical properties of the soil, as well as the plant nutrition system, in particular, increasing the availability of an element for assimilation by plants and as long-term ameliorants. The eff ectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers, in particular acidic nitrogen on highly and medium acidic soils, after chemical reclamation is increased by 30–50 %, and slightly acidic by 15–20 %. The increase in productivity of crops from the combined eff ects of nutrients and chalk granulated is usually higher than when separately applied. The eff ectiveness of the integrated action of these elements is manifested in the growth of plant productivity and the quality of the resulting products, as well as the optimization of physical chemical properties and soil buff ering in the long term. In order to optimize the physicochemical properties of the arable layer of gray forest soil and the productive nutrition of agricultural crops, winter wheat, in particular, biogenic elements should be used in doses N60-90-120P30-45- 60K60-90-120 with granulated chalk «Slavuta-Calcium» in doses of Ca230-460-690 kg/ha of active substance. Granulated chalk obtained as a result of industrial grinding of solid sedimentary carbonate rocks of natural origin, subsequently under the infl uence of the granulation process of the starting material contains Ca and Mg carbonates of at least 95 %, dense granules which facilitates convenient mechanized application, as well as chalk suitable for accurate metered application on the quest map. Key words: granular chalk, gray forest soil, chemical reclamation, crop productivity.

Differentiation Of Clarias Batrachus, C. Gariepinus And Heteropneustes Fossilis By Pcr-Sequencing Of Mitochondrial 16s Rrna Gene

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shamimul Alam ◽  
Hawa Jahan ◽  
Rowshan Ara Begum ◽  
Reza M Shahjahan
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Fish Larva ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Alternative Means

Heteropneustesfossilis, Clariasbatrachus and C. gariepinus are three major catfishes ofecological and economic importance. Identification of these fish species becomes aproblem when the usual external morphological features of the fish are lost or removed,such as in canned fish. Also, newly hatched fish larva is often difficult to identify. PCRsequencingprovides accurate alternative means of identification of individuals at specieslevel. So, 16S rRNA genes of three locally collected catfishes were sequenced after PCRamplification and compared with the same gene sequences available from othergeographical regions. Multiple sequence alignment of the 16S rRNA gene fragments ofthe catfish species has revealed polymorphic sites which can be used to differentiate thesethree species from one another and will provide valuable insight in choosing appropriaterestriction enzymes for PCR-RFLP based identification in future. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 41(1): 51-58, June 2015

Crop rotations with clover and their productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Gladysheva ◽  
Oksana Artyuhova ◽  
Vera Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Pure Steam ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.

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