scholarly journals Geospatial analysis of water uses and potential conflicts in the microregion of Ceres, Goiás, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-47
Author(s):  
Cristiane Gomes Barreto ◽  
Renato Arthur Franco Rodrigues ◽  
José Augusto Leitão Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Water Uses

Conflicts related to water have been expanding around the world, especially in areas which experience rapid changes in land use and occupation. The Ceres microregion (Goiás) has passed by an accelerated process of sugar cane agroindustrialization in recent years and water scarcity problems has been percieved. This work contributes to understand potential environmental conflicts related to water resources in Ceres microregion by the evaluation of the ways, intensity and spatial distribution of water consumption in differents basins of the microregion. It was analyzed secondary data from water demands, sugar and alcohol production, irrigation and others from geostatistic tools. The results suggest that sugar cane crops have a strong impact over water consumption, although this activity is not related to the water deficit in most of the basins, what suggests it is not responsible for situations of water scarcity or conflicts associated to shortages.

WILL COVID-19 CONTRIBUTE TO AN INCREASE IN COCOONING IN THE NUTRITIONAL BEHAVIOUR OF POLES?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Hanus
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Logistics Industry ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
The Social

The social, economic and technological changes that have occurred in the last decade have substantially altered consumers’ eating behaviour. The objective of this study was to identify and describe cocooning as a new phenomenon in the food choices of Polish consumers and the factors that shape it, with particular stress on the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on this trend. For this purpose, primary and secondary tests were carried out. The primary studies examine the level of cocooning in consumer’ food choices, while secondary data analysis focuses on finding a relation between this phenomenon and the COVID-19 pandemic. The direct research was conducted by means of the survey method on a sample of 660 Poles in 2018. The survey carried out among Poles has shown that cocooning is rather poorly noticeable in the eating behaviour of consumers. This trend is observable predominantly in the behaviour of young people who are rather highly educated city residents; however, this depends on the type of activity related to cocooning. On the basis of secondary research, it has been shown that anxiety and a disturbed sense of public and social security are one of the most important factors that may affect the development of cocooning in consumer behaviour. The COVID-19 pandemic that hit the world in 2020 has evoked this kind of feeling in many consumers, which has been aggravated by the restrictions imposed by the state. Owing to the restrictions, social isolation increased and Poles have transferred many activities home, thus forming new habits, which may have a strong impact on their consumption behaviour in the longer term, even after the pandemic comes to an end. It is worth noting that the increase in the level of cocooning directly contributes to the growth of the e-commerce market, which poses new challenges especially for the logistics industry.

scholarly journals Integrated assessment of global water scarcity over the 21st century under multiple climate change mitigation policies

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2859-2883 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Hejazi ◽  
J. Edmonds ◽  
L. Clarke ◽  
P. Kyle ◽  
E. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Global Water ◽  
Mitigation Policies

Abstract. Water scarcity conditions over the 21st century both globally and regionally are assessed in the context of climate change and climate mitigation policies, by estimating both water availability and water demand within the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM), a leading community-integrated assessment model of energy, agriculture, climate, and water. To quantify changes in future water availability, a new gridded water-balance global hydrologic model – namely, the Global Water Availability Model (GWAM) – is developed and evaluated. Global water demands for six major demand sectors (irrigation, livestock, domestic, electricity generation, primary energy production, and manufacturing) are modeled in GCAM at the regional scale (14 geopolitical regions, 151 sub-regions) and then spatially downscaled to 0.5° × 0.5° resolution to match the scale of GWAM. Using a baseline scenario (i.e., no climate change mitigation policy) with radiative forcing reaching 8.8 W m−2 (equivalent to the SRES A1Fi emission scenario) and three climate policy scenarios with increasing mitigation stringency of 7.7, 5.5, and 4.2 W m−2 (equivalent to the SRES A2, B2, and B1 emission scenarios, respectively), we investigate the effects of emission mitigation policies on water scarcity. Two carbon tax regimes (a universal carbon tax (UCT) which includes land use change emissions, and a fossil fuel and industrial emissions carbon tax (FFICT) which excludes land use change emissions) are analyzed. The baseline scenario results in more than half of the world population living under extreme water scarcity by the end of the 21st century. Additionally, in years 2050 and 2095, 36% (28%) and 44% (39%) of the global population, respectively, is projected to live in grid cells (in basins) that will experience greater water demands than the amount of available water in a year (i.e., the water scarcity index (WSI) > 1.0). When comparing the climate policy scenarios to the baseline scenario while maintaining the same baseline socioeconomic assumptions, water scarcity declines under a UCT mitigation policy but increases with a FFICT mitigation scenario by the year 2095, particularly with more stringent climate mitigation targets. Under the FFICT scenario, water scarcity is projected to increase, driven by higher water demands for bio-energy crops.

scholarly journals The WULCA consensus characterization model for water scarcity footprints: assessing impacts of water consumption based on available water remaining (AWARE)

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Boulay ◽  
Jane Bare ◽  
Lorenzo Benini ◽  
Markus Berger ◽  
Michael J. Lathuillière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Characterization Model

scholarly journals Emerging investigator series: towards a framework for establishing the impacts of pharmaceuticals in wastewater irrigation systems on agro-ecosystems and human health

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Carter ◽  
Benny Chefetz ◽  
Ziad Abdeen ◽  
Alistair B. A. Boxall
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Wastewater Irrigation ◽  
Agricultural Irrigation ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Attractive Option

Use of reclaimed wastewater for agricultural irrigation is seen as an attractive option to meet agricultural water demands of a growing number of countries suffering from water scarcity.

Water scarcity and food security: alternative futures for the 21st century

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Rosengrant ◽  
X. Cai
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Alternative Futures ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Agriculture And Food

Water availability for agriculture - the major water user worldwide - is one of the most critical factors for food security in many regions of the world. The role of water withdrawals in irrigated agriculture and food security has been receiving substantial attention in recent years. This paper addresses key questions regarding water availability and food security, including: How will water availability and water demand evolve over the next three decades, taking into account availability and variability in water resources, the water supply infrastructure, and irrigation and nonagricultural water demands? What are the relationships among water scarcity, food production, and food security? How much of future food production will come from rainfed and irrigated areas? A global modeling framework, IMPACT-Water, is applied to explore answers to these questions using analysis.

Impact of liquidity and financial leverage on firm’s profitability – an empirical analysis of the textile industry of Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Hussain Samo ◽  
Hadeeqa Murad
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Textile Sector

Purpose This study aims to determine the impact of liquidity and financial leverage on the profitability, using a sample of 40 selected publicly quoted companies in the textile sector of the Pakistani economy. Design/methodology/approach Through quantitative approach, pooled panel regression and descriptive statistics models are used by taking annual data of Pakistan’s textile sectors from 2006 to 2016. Secondary data has been gathered from financial statements of the firms. Findings The results revealed that there is a positive relationship between liquidity and profitability and negative relationship between financial leverage and profitability. The results for liquidity measure CR revealed positive strong impact on ROA and the financial leverage measure D_E ratio showed negative but not strong impact on ROA. The other part of result concluded that there is a positive strong impact of C_R on ROE too and D_E has a negative impact on ROE. Research limitations/implications The results are showing the impact among these ratios for the textile sector of Pakistan only. Practical implications This study can help higher management of textile firms firm in decision-making stating clearly about how to perform well to enhance financial health of company, which can encourage investors to invest in companies having sound market standing. Originality/value This study takes the latest empirical data with different analysis technique.

Monitoring and data collection of agricultural water uses in Italy to face water scarcity: approach and tools

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
raffaella zucaro ◽  
veronica manganiello ◽  
marianna ferrigno
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Water Pricing ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Sustainability Standards ◽  
Water Uses

<p>According to European approach (art. 9 WFD 2000/60/EC), the collection of data relating to the quantification of water abstraction represents an important phase to promote efficiency in the use of water resources. Through the collection and subsequent study of the data provided, in fact, it is possible to apply a water pricing policy, based on the volumes currently used, to cope environmental sustainability and agricultural resilience to climate change, in a context of water scarcity. <br>In Italy, for agricultural sector, guidelines to collect and monitoring data are in force at national scale and detailed methodologies are applied at regional scale. A WebGIS platform called SIGRIAN (National Information System for Water Management in Agriculture (https://sigrian.crea.gov.it/sigrian/)), managed by CREA- Research Centre for Agricultural Policies and Bio-economy and realized in collaboration with Italian Regions, is adopted as national reference database for the collection and share of data resulting from the monitoring of water volumes for irrigation. <br>SIGRIAN also fits in the logic of Integrated Water Management (IWRM) approach. In order to coordinate the development and management of water and related resources, this platform is setup to link itself with Google satellites and Copernicus programme in order to obtain and process satellite information and earth observation data. In addition, SIGRIAN website (https://sigrian.crea.gov.it/index.php/cosesigrian/) provides an OPEN DATA section, ( in this section is possible to use a WMS (Web Map Service) Enquiry service and a WFS (Web Feature Service) Service, both related to the borders of authorities irrigation. <br>All data collected and monitored in this system are useful to support planning, programming and management processes of policy making and enforcement, such as CAP common indicators, water pricing based on water uses, monitoring and evaluation of investment programs, support economic analysis for Agricultural sector in the context of the Water framework directive.<br>Otherwise, SIGRIAN data can be useful to support the definition and application of Sustainability standards related to water use in agriculture through defining reference parameters for territories that uses water for irrigation in a sustainable way and in a multidisciplinary approach.<br>Keyword: SIGRIAN, irrigation volumes, sustainability standards, open data, monitoring, resilience.</p>

scholarly journals NILAI TUKAR PETANI KOMODITAS PERKEBUNAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Chairul Muslim
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
The Exchange Rate

<p>Abstract : One indicator / measuring tool that</p><p>can be used to assess farmers' welfare<br />is Farmers Exchange Rate. This paper is part of the research result of PATANAS<br />(Panel Petani Nasional) conducted by Indonesian Center for Agriculture Socio<br />Economic and Policy Analysis in Fiscal Year 2009-2012. More detail the purpose of<br />writing this paper is to analyze Farmers Farmer's Exchange Rate (palm, cocoa,<br />rubber and sugar cane) in Patanas villages. Primary data sources are farming efforts<br />resulting from Patanas studies in 2008 and 2012 in four provinces, namely Jambi<br />Province (representing rubber and palm oil), East Java (sugarcane), West Kalimantan<br />(rubber and palm oil), and South Sulawesi (representing cocoa commodities).<br />Secondary data obtained from local government related agencies. The result shows<br />that rubber NTP period of 2009-2012 shows positive that the price received is bigger<br />than the price paid, it shows that farmers are able to cover all cost components. NTP<br />cocoa there is a decline in the exchange rate of income of 57.08%. This decline in<br />exchange rates in line with the decline in the increase in the exchange rate of farm<br />income. Thus the exchange rate of cocoa farmers (NTP &lt;100) means that the<br />purchasing power of farmers is relatively low, because the received is lower than the<br />price paid. NTP palms and sugar cane show a positive phenomenon (NTP&gt; 100) of<br />farm income can cover production costs so that the price received is greater than the<br />price paid, indicating better welfare of household life. Of course, the role of the<br />government to participate in increasing the income of farmers through the assistance<br />of subsidized agricultural input, provision of infrastructure; as well as policies for<br />controlling household consumption expenditures (such as the provision of raskin subsidized education, health subsidies, etc.) are highly relevant in improving the<br />welfare of farmers.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak : Salah satu indikator/alat ukur yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai tingkat<br />kesejahteraan petani adalah Nilai Tukar Petani. Tulisan ini merupakan bagian hasil<br />penelitian PATANAS ( Panel Petani Nasional ) yang dilaksanakan oleh Pusat Analisis<br />Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian pada Tahun Anggaran 2009–2012. Lebih<br />detail tujuan penulisan makalah ini adalah menganalisis Nilai Tukar Petani Kebun<br />(sawit,kakao, karet dan tebu) di desa-desa Patanas. Sumber data primer adalah usaha<br />tani yang dihasilkan dari studi Patanas tahun 2008 dan 2012 di empat propinsi, yaitu<br />Provinsi Jambi, (mewakili komoditas karet dan sawit), Jawa Timur (tebu), Kalimantan<br />Barat (komoditas karet dan sawit), dan Sulawesi Selatan (mewakili komoditas kakao).<br />Data sekunder didapat dari instansi terkait pemerintah daerah. Hasil menunjukkan<br />bahwa NTP karet  periode 2009-2012 menunjuukan positif artinya harga yang<br />diterima lebih besar dari pada harga yang dibayarkan, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa<br />petani mampu untuk menutupi seluruh komponen biaya. NTP kakao terjadi penurunan<br />nilai tukar pendapatan sebesar 57,08 persen Penurunan nilai tukar ini sejalan dengan<br />penurunan peningkatan nilai tukar pendapatan usahatani. Dengan demikian nilai tukar petani kakao ( NTP&lt;100) artinya kemampuan daya beli petani relative rendah, karena<br />yang diterima lebih rendah disbanding harga yang dibayarkan. NTP sawit dan tebu <br />menunjukkan gejala yang posif ( NTP&gt;100) dari pendapatan usahatani dapat menutupi<br />biaya produksi sehingga harga yang diterima lebih besar disbanding harga yang<br />dibayar, menunjukkan kesejahteraan hidup rumahtangga yang lebih baik. Tentunya<br />peran pemerintah turut serta untuk peningkatan pendapatan petani melalui bantuan<br />subidi saprodi, penyediaan infrastruktur; serta kebijakan untuk pengendalian<br />pengeluaran konsumsi rumahtangga (seperti pemberian raskin, subsidi pendidikan,<br />subsidi kesehatan, dan lainnya) dinilai sangat relevan dalam perbaikan kesejahteraan<br />petani. <br /><br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals Integrated assessment of global water scarcity over the 21st century – Part 1: Global water supply and demand under extreme radiative forcing

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 3327-3381 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Hejazi ◽  
J. Edmonds ◽  
L. Clarke ◽  
P. Kyle ◽  
E. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Global Water

Abstract. Water scarcity conditions over the 21st century both globally and regionally are assessed in the context of climate change, by estimating both water availability and water demand within the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM), a leading community integrated assessment model of energy, agriculture, climate, and water. To quantify changes in future water availability, a new gridded water-balance global hydrologic model – namely, the Global Water Availability Model (GWAM) – is developed and evaluated. Global water demands for six major demand sectors (irrigation, livestock, domestic, electricity generation, primary energy production, and manufacturing) are modeled in GCAM at the regional scale (14 geopolitical regions, 151 sub-regions) and then spatially downscaled to 0.5° × 0.5° resolution to match the scale of GWAM. Using a baseline scenario (i.e., no climate change mitigation policy) with radiative forcing reaching 8.8 W m−2 (equivalent to the SRES A1Fi emission scenario) and a global population of 14 billion by 2095, global annual water demand grows from about 9–10% of total annual renewable freshwater in 2005 to about 32–37% by 2095. This results in more than half of the world population living under extreme water scarcity by the end of the 21st century. Regionally, the demand for water exceeds the amount of water availability in two GCAM regions, the Middle East and India. Additionally, in years 2050 and 2095 36% (28%) and 44% (39%) of the global population, respectively is projected to live in grid cells (in basins) that will experience greater water demands than the amount of available water in a year (i.e., the water scarcity index (WSI) > 1.0). This study implies an increasingly prominent role for water in future human decisions, and highlights the importance of including water in integrated assessment of global change.

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