Inguinal Hernias and Herniotomy as a Cause of Reproductive Function Disorders in Male Patients

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in over 65-year-old men who have inguinal hernias and discuss if pre-operative selective screening of this population is appropriate. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective study on 70 consecutive male patients with an age range of 65–88 years (mean, 74 years) who were referred to a single vascular consultant's out-patient clinic with an inguinal hernia were screened for the presence of an AAA with an ultrasound scan before hernia repair over a period of 3 years. RESULTS Two patients were found to have an AAA measuring 3.8 cm and 6.0 cm giving an AAA prevalence of 3% (exact 95% confidence interval = 0–10%). CONCLUSIONS This study does not demonstrate an increased AAA prevalence in over 65-year-old male patients with inguinal hernias, scanned pre-operatively when compared to screening programmes. Selective screening of this cohort cannot be justified on this evidence.

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COVID-19 and male reproductive function: a prospective, longitudinal cohort study

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-20-0382 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 161 (3) ◽

pp. 319-331

Author(s):

Behzad Hajizadeh Maleki ◽

Bakhtyar Tartibian

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Reproductive System ◽

Sperm Concentration ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽

Longitudinal Cohort ◽

Markers Of Inflammation ◽

Male Patients ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Cohort

The existing evidence suggests that the human reproductive system may be potentially vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. However, little is known about the virus–host interaction of COVID-19 in sperm cells. We are the first to address the connection between changes in multiple seminal biomarkers and reproductive function in male patients recovering from COVID-19. In a prospective longitudinal cohort study, seminal ACE2 activity, markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, apoptotic variables, and semen quality parameters were evaluated at 10-day intervals for a maximum follow-up time of 60 days among male patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 (n = 84) and healthy controls (CON; n = 105). At the baseline and the subsequent follow-ups, the COVID-19 group revealed significantly higher levels of seminal plasma ACE2 enzymatic activity, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TGF-β, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-γ, ROS, caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 activity as well as lower levels of SOD activity than those in the CON group (P < 0.05). These perturbations tended to persist over time and were correlated with significant impairments in semen volume, progressive motility, sperm morphology, sperm concentration, and the number of spermatozoa. We provide the direct experimental evidence that the male reproductive system could be targeted and damaged by the COVID-19 infection. These findings go beyond our current understanding of the disease, suggesting that the reproductive function of the patients recovering from the disease should be precisely followed and evaluated to detect and avoid more serious reproductive problems in the future, as they may develop a transient state of male subfertility like those with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia.

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Insight Into the Ontogeny of GnRH Neurons From Patients Born Without a Nose

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgaa065 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 105 (5) ◽

pp. 1538-1551

Author(s):

Angela Delaney ◽

Rita Volochayev ◽

Brooke Meader ◽

Janice Lee ◽

Konstantinia Almpani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Function ◽

Normal Breast ◽

Breast Development ◽

Reproductive Axis ◽

Gnrh Neurons ◽

Male Patients ◽

And Function ◽

Human Embryology ◽

The Brain ◽

Insight Into

Abstract Context The reproductive axis is controlled by a network of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons born in the primitive nose that migrate to the hypothalamus alongside axons of the olfactory system. The observation that congenital anosmia (inability to smell) is often associated with GnRH deficiency in humans led to the prevailing view that GnRH neurons depend on olfactory structures to reach the brain, but this hypothesis has not been confirmed. Objective The objective of this work is to determine the potential for normal reproductive function in the setting of completely absent internal and external olfactory structures. Methods We conducted comprehensive phenotyping studies in 11 patients with congenital arhinia. These studies were augmented by review of medical records and study questionnaires in another 40 international patients. Results All male patients demonstrated clinical and/or biochemical signs of GnRH deficiency, and the 5 men studied in person had no luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses, suggesting absent GnRH activity. The 6 women studied in person also had apulsatile LH profiles, yet 3 had spontaneous breast development and 2 women (studied from afar) had normal breast development and menstrual cycles, suggesting a fully intact reproductive axis. Administration of pulsatile GnRH to 2 GnRH-deficient patients revealed normal pituitary responsiveness but gonadal failure in the male patient. Conclusions Patients with arhinia teach us that the GnRH neuron, a key gatekeeper of the reproductive axis, is associated with but may not depend on olfactory structures for normal migration and function, and more broadly, illustrate the power of extreme human phenotypes in answering fundamental questions about human embryology.

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Diagnosis and treatment of male infertility in patients with common pathology of genitals and inguinal region

I P Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald ◽

10.23888/pavlovj20173460-468 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 460-468 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. S. Sobennikov ◽

B. N. Zhiborev ◽

S. Ya. Kotans ◽

A. A. Cherenkov

Keyword(s):

Male Infertility ◽

Sex Hormones ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Inguinal Region ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Positive Clinical Effect ◽

Before And After ◽

Male Patients

The article presents a study of reproductive function and fertility prognosis in 27 male patients of reproductive age with common diseases of genitals and inguinal region. These patients were under observation in the outpatient clinics with the diagnosis of male infertility. Blood levels of sex hormones and spermograms were evaluated in dynamics before and after surgical treatment of the main disease. In the research it was found that surgical removal of the probable cause of infertility in marriage resulted in normalization of spermogram parameters in 15% of cases and to the onset of pregnancy in 22.2% of cases. No significant changes in the dynamics of sex hormones were found. Besides, in the course of research a positive clinical effect of conservative treatment for the connective tissue dysplasia associated with the main disease and infertility in marriage, was obtained. This effect was confirmed by the onset of pregnancy in 29.4% of patients who underwent drug therapy.

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INGUINAL HERNIA

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2010.17.01.1978 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (01) ◽

pp. 50-54

Author(s):

QUDDUS-UR- REHMAN ◽

USMAN LATIF ◽

TAJAMMAL ABBAS SHAH

Keyword(s):

Wound Infection ◽

Lichtenstein Repair ◽

Hematoma Formation ◽

Inguinal Hernias ◽

Prospective Comparative Study ◽

Male Patients ◽

One Year ◽

Darn Repair ◽

Surgical Unit ◽

Haematoma Formation

Objectives: To compare the rate of wound infection, recurrence and haematoma formation following Darn & Lichtenstein repair.Design: Prospective, comparative study. Place & Duration: Surgical Unit-ll, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: One year study from 15-01-2003 to 15-01-2004. Patients & Methods: Total of 50 male patients between 16-60 years of age having right sided, left sided and bilateralinguinal hernias were divided by odd and even numbers into two groups, each group consisting of 25 patients. In 1s t group of patients,Lichtenstein repair was done. While in 2n d group, Darn repair of posterior inguinal wall was performed. Patients were examined postoperativelyfor wound infection, haematoma formation & recurrence. Most of them presented with reducible inguinal hernias (84%) while others withirreducible inguinal hernias (16%). Results: Wound infection and hematoma formation were not observed in any patient in case of Lichtensteinrepair. Wound infection was not observed in any patient and hematoma formation in two patients in case of Darn repair. Recurrence occurredin one patient with Darn repair while non was observed in case of Lichtenstein repair. Conclusion: Lichtenstein repair (mesh repair) of inguinalhernia is safe & has less rate of recurrence and haematoma formation.

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ABVD and BEACOPP regimens’ effects on fertility in young males with Hodgkin lymphoma

Clinical & Translational Oncology ◽

10.1007/s12094-020-02483-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

M. S. A. Amin ◽

O. Brunckhorst ◽

C. Scott ◽

D. Wrench ◽

M. Gleeson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽

Treatment Duration ◽

Sperm Count ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Sperm Production ◽

Young Males ◽

Fertility Function ◽

Male Patients

Abstract Purpose Considering the increased cancer patient survivorship, the focus is now on addressing the impacts of treatment on quality of life. In young people, altered reproductive function is a major issue and its effects in young males are largely neglected by novel research. To improve clinician awareness, we systematically reviewed side effects of chemotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in young males. Methods The review was prospectively registered (PROSPERO N. CRD42019122868). Three databases (Medline via PUBMED, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library) were searched for studies featuring males aged 13-51-years who underwent chemotherapy for HL using ABVD (Adriamycin® (doxorubicin), bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) or BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisolone) regimens. These chemotherapy regimens were compared against each other using sperm characteristics, FSH, and inhibin B levels to measure fertility levels. Results Data were extracted from five studies featuring 1344 patients. 6 months post-ABVD saw marked deterioration in sperm count, further reduced by more cycles (P = 0.05). Patients treated with BEACOPP rather than ABVD were more prone to oligospermia. Receiving fewer cycles of both regimens increased the likelihood of sperm production recovering. Patients treated with 6-8 cycles of BEACOPP did not recover spermiogenesis. Conclusions ABVD and BEACOPP regimens significantly reduce fertility function to varying effects depending on treatment duration. ABVD temporarily causes significant reductions in male fertility, whereas BEACOPP’s effects are more permanent. Therefore, clinicians should discuss fertility preservation with male patients receiving infertility-inducing gonadotoxic therapy. Further high-quality studies are required to more adequality describe the risk to fertility by chemotherapy.

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Cost-conscious decisions in the timing of operation for minimally symptomatic inguinal hernias in male patients

The American Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.amjsurg.2015.10.029 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 211 (6) ◽

pp. 975-981

Author(s):

Aliasgher Khaku ◽

Christopher S. Hollenbeak ◽

David I. Soybel

Keyword(s):

Timing Of Operation ◽

Inguinal Hernias ◽

Male Patients

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Reproductive function in male patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Andrology ◽

10.1111/andr.12097 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 1082-1087 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

S. La Vignera ◽

R. A. Condorelli ◽

M. Di Mauro ◽

D. Lo Presti ◽

L. M. Mongioì ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Male Patients

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Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of testosterone deficiency (hypogonadism) in male patients with diabetes mellitus (Draft)

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

10.14341/7884 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 151-160

Author(s):

Galina Afanas'evna Melnichenko ◽

Marina Vladimirovna Shestakova ◽

Roman Viktorovich Rozhivanov ◽

Anna Leont'evna Terehova ◽

Alexey Vadimovich Zilov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Serum Testosterone ◽

Serum Testosterone Level ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Clinical Consequences ◽

History Of ◽

Male Patients

Hypogonadism in male patients is defined as a decrease in the serum testosterone level; it is associated with specific symptoms and/or signs (see the detailed description below). It is a common complication in diabetes mellitus. The guidelines do not review all disorders leading to the development of hypogonadism but focus on options for the treatment of hypogonadism, which is generally observed in male patients with diabetes. In the literature, data on the prevalence of hypogonadism in patients with diabetes are available. In the section on diagnostics, the medical history of patients with hypogonadism and diabetes, including the necessary methods for physical and laboratory inspection. Risk factors for and the clinical consequences of hypogonadism are separately considered. In the section on treatment options, variations in treatment using various androgenic therapeutic agents based on patients requirements, conservation of their reproductive function, and their risk factors are provided. Special attention is given to indications of, contraindications of and risk factors for androgenic therapy in male patients with diabetes, particularly those in their advanced age. The principles of the clinical monitoring are developed. The favourable effects of androgenic therapy for hypogonadism in male patients with diabetes are shown.

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Reduction of spermatogonia and testosterone in rat testes flown on space lab-3

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100142864 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 248-249

Author(s):

Delbert E. Philpott ◽

W. Sapp ◽

C. Williams ◽

T. Fast ◽

J. Stevenson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Social Status ◽

Population Size ◽

Physiological Response ◽

Social Rank ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Testicular Development ◽

Organ Weights ◽

Reproductive Maturation ◽

Metabolic Activities

Space Lab 3 (SL-3) was flown on Shuttle Challenger providing an opportunity to measure the effect of spaceflight on rat testes. Cannon developed the idea that organisms react to unfavorable conditions with highly integrated metabolic activities. Selye summarized the manifestations of physiological response to nonspecific stress and he pointed out that atrophy of the gonads always occurred. Many papers have been published showing the effects of social interaction, crowding, peck order and confinement. Flickinger showed delayed testicular development in subordinate roosters influenced by group numbers, social rank and social status. Christian reported increasing population size in mice resulted in adrenal hypertrophy, inhibition of reproductive maturation and loss of reproductive function in adults. Sex organ weights also declined. Two male dogs were flown on Cosmos 110 for 22 days. Fedorova reported an increase of 30 to 70% atypical spermatozoa consisting of tail curling and/or the absence of a tail.

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