Impact of Subclinical Mastitis on Reproductive Performance of Dairy Animals

A total of 421 pooled milk samples from zebu/ desi cows, crossbred cows and buffaloes were screened to study the incidence rate and economic losses due to subclinical mastitis (SCM) in 10 villages of two blocks under the World Bank funded, Karnataka watershed Development Department sponsored - Sujala III project during last two years. Nine out of 421 samples (2.13%) were found positive for SCM by CMT. The economic losses due to subclinical form of mastitis were estimated in the range of INR 21,677/- to INR 88,340/- pre animal for a lactation period. The study found that incidence of SCM was also related to managemental practices followed by dairy farmers.

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Camel Mastitis: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Isolation of Major Bacterial Pathogens in Gomole District of Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.1155/2021/9993571 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Minda Asfaw Geresu ◽

Shubisa Abera Leliso ◽

Galma Wako Liben

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Complex Disease ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Dromedary Camel ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Dairy Animals

As of other dairy animals, dromedary camel could be affected by mastitis, a complex disease occurring worldwide among dairy animals, with heavy economic losses largely due to clinical and subclinical mastitis. Yet, little is known about the occurrence and potential risk factors exposing to lactating camel mastitis in Ethiopia. Consequently, a cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2018 to April 2019 so as to determine the prevalence, associated risk factors, and major bacterial pathogens causing mastitis in traditionally managed lactating camels in Gomole district of Borena Zone. Consequently, 348 lactating camels were examined for clinical and subclinical mastitis, using California Mastitis Test (CMT). The overall prevalence of mastitis was 22.4% (78/348), including clinical 4.3% (15/348) and subclinical 18.1% (63/348) cases, respectively, whereas the quarter level prevalence of mastitis was 16.6% (232/1,392). Of the total 1,392 examined teats, the right hind (RHQ) (4.3%, 60/1392) and left hind quarters (LHQ) (4.3%, 60/1392) were the most frequently infected quarter, whereas the left front quarter (LFQ) (3.9%, 55/1392) was the least infected quarter. Age, body condition score, and lactation stages were significantly associated ( p < 0.05 ) with lactating camel mastitis prevalence among the putative risk factors. Among 312 quarters milk samples subjected to bacteriological examination, 69.9% (218/312) yielded mastitis causing pathogens, both Gram-positive and -negative bacterial isolates, while no growth was observed in 30.1% (94/312) of quarters sampled. Of the bacterial isolates obtained by culturing, Streptococcus spp. excluding Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) (26.1%; 57/218) and Coagulase negative Staphylococci (22.9%, 50/218) were the dominant isolates identified, whereas S. agalactiae (3.2%, 7/218) was the least isolates obtained. The prevalence of camel mastitis in the study area was found to be considerably high. Hence, implementation of integrated approaches has great importance in the study setting for the prevention and control of mastitis so as to improve quality of camel milk, minimize economic loss, and prevent significant public health risks.

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Productive and reproductive performance of cattle and buffaloes reared under farmers’ management in differential dairy progressive states in India

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-3393 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Rajiv Baliram Kale ◽

K. Ponnusamy ◽

A. K. Chakravarty ◽

Asif Mohammad ◽

R. Sendhil

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Performance ◽

Total Sample ◽

Veterinary Services ◽

Dairy Farmers ◽

Indigenous Cattle ◽

Managerial Skills ◽

Murrah Buffalo ◽

Dairy Animals ◽

Breed Improvement ◽

Better Than

The productive and reproductive performances of dairy animals have direct effect to milk production and profitability of dairy enterprise. The present study was carried out to analyse the productive and reproductive performance of cattle and buffaloes reared under farmers’ management in three states of differential dairy progress in India. Haryana, Maharashtra and Odisha states were purposively selected from highly, moderately and least dairy progressive states, respectively. The total sample size was 900 containing 300 dairy farmers from each state. The finding shows that the productive and reproductive performances of buffalos in Haryana are better than Maharashtra and Odisha. The productive and reproductive performances of Crossbred were found better in Haryana as well as Maharashtra than Odisha. In Haryana, very few farmers reared Indigenous cattle but the performances were better than Maharashtra and Odisha. The better performance of Haryana may be due to being home track of elite Murrah buffalo, Tharparker and Sahiwal breeds of Indigenous cattle, agro-climatic situations, veterinary services and managerial skills of dairy farmers. To improve the productive and reproductive performance of dairy animals in the moderately progressive (Maharashtra) and least progressive (Odisha) states efforts should be focused on breed improvement, better veterinary infrastructure and enhance the managerial skills of the farmers

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The association between subclinical mastitis around calving and reproductive performance in grazing dairy cows

Animal Reproduction Science ◽

10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.08.010 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 185 ◽

pp. 109-117

Author(s):

N.A. Villa-Arcila ◽

J. Sanchez ◽

M.H. Ratto ◽

J.C. Rodriguez-Lecompte ◽

P.C. Duque-Madrid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Grazing Dairy Cows

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Productive-Reproductive Performance and Problems of Dairy Animals in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas of Kutch and North Gujarat

International Journal of Livestock Research ◽

10.5455/ijlr.20170818090921 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Arjun Dhami ◽

Sanjay Parmar ◽

Jadish Patel

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Performance ◽

Arid Areas ◽

Dairy Animals ◽

North Gujarat ◽

Semi Arid

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Subclinical endometritis in Zebu x Friesian crossbred dairy cows: its risk factors, association with subclinical mastitis and effect on reproductive performance

Tropical Animal Health and Production ◽

10.1007/s11250-009-9433-5 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 397-403 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Belachew Bacha ◽

Fekadu Gudeta Regassa

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Subclinical Endometritis

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Characterization of biofilms and antimicrobial resistance of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species involved with subclinical mastitis

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029921000285 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Márcia Silva Francisco ◽

Ciro César Rossi ◽

Maria Aparecida Vasconcelos Paiva Brito ◽

Marinella Silva Laport ◽

Elaine Menezes Barros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽

Central Feature ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Dairy Animals

Abstract Biofilm formation is a central feature to guarantee staphylococcal persistence in hosts and is associated with several diseases that are difficult to treat. In this research paper, biofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility were investigated in staphylococcal strains belonging to several species. These strains were isolated from the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis and most of them were coagulase-negative, with the prevalence of Staphylococcus chromogenes. High genetic diversity was observed among the strains by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Antimicrobial resistance was assessed by disk diffusion and more than 50% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin G, with multi-resistance profiles (13.6%) also being observed. Most strains (65.9%) formed biofilms when cultivated in BHI supplemented with 1% glucose. Most strains (72.7%) carried the intercellular adhesion gene (icaA), while less than half (36.3%) carried the biofilm-associated protein gene (bap). Concentrations of up to 10xMIC of erythromycin and tetracycline were not sufficient to suppress cell viability in preformed biofilms. Our results revealed that a genetically diverse group of biofilm-forming Staphylococcus species can be involved in subclinical mastitis. Since high antimicrobial concentrations cannot eradicate biofilm cells in vitro, their use in dairy animals may be ineffective in controlling infections, while supporting selection of resistant microorganisms. These data reinforce the need for alternative therapies aiming at disrupting biofilms for effective disease control.

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Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Staphylococcus chromogenes isolated from bovine and bubaline mastitis in Karnataka

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.285-291 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 285-291

Author(s):

P. Sheela ◽

Malathi Shekar ◽

Shrikrishna Isloor ◽

D. Rathnamma ◽

B. M. Veeregowda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Analysis ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Image Correlation ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Base Pairs ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Dairy Animals ◽

Intraspecies Diversity

Background and Aim: In recent times, non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) have emerged as the major organisms isolated from mastitis cases in dairy animals, with a predominance of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus chromogenes. As compared to Staphylococcus aureus, much less is known about the molecular types or the spatiotemporal epidemiology of these NAS species. In the present study, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was employed to detect genetic polymorphisms, intraspecies diversity, and epidemiology of S. chromogenes strains (n=37) isolated from bovine and bubaline mastitis cases in the state of Karnataka. Materials and Methods: Thirty-seven S. chromogenes isolates (14 from bovines and 23 from bubaline) isolated from subclinical mastitis cases, from organized and unorganized sectors, were subjected to RAPD typing. Further, methicillin resistance was determined by cefoxitin disk diffusion method. Results: The amplified DNA fragments ranged from 150 to 3000 base pairs and yielded several RAPD profiles. Further analysis using Digital Image Correlation Engine correlation coefficient and UPGMA method showed that the 37 isolates could be classified into 12 distinct RAPD types (A to L) at 62% similarity (D=0.889). Four of the most predominant RAPD types, B, A, C, and E, in that order, and together, represented 65% of the isolates. High diversity was observed among the isolates both within farms and between geographic locations. Most of the isolates exhibited methicillin resistance. This is the first such report from India. Conclusion: In the absence of defined multilocus sequence type protocols or sufficient sequences available in the public domain, RAPD can be employed to determine genetic diversity of S. chromogenes isolates.

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Antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes and biofilm formation in Enterococcus species isolated from milk of sheep and goat with subclinical mastitis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0259584 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0259584

Author(s):

Mona A. El-Zamkan ◽

Hams M. A. Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Virulence Determinants ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽

Rdna Sequencing ◽

Dairy Animals ◽

Mastitic Milk

This study is designed to discuss the antimicrobial resistance, virulence determinants and biofilm formation capacity of Enterococcus spp. isolated from milk of sheep and goat with subclinical mastitis in Qena, Egypt. The obtained isolates were identified by the VITEK2 system and 16S rDNA sequencing as E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. casseliflavus and E. hirae. Overall, E. faecalis and E. faecium were the dominant species recovered from mastitic milk samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility test evidenced multidrug resistance of the isolates against the following antimicrobials: oxacillin (89.2.%), followed by vancomycin (75.7%) and linezolid (70.3%). Also, most of these isolates (73%) could form biofilms. For example, 18.9% of Enterococcus strains formed strong biofilm, whereas 32.4% of isolates formed moderate biofilm and 21.6% of isolates formed weak biofilm. The most prevalent resistance genes found in our isolates were blaZ (54%), vanA (40%), ermB (51.4%), tetM (13.5%) and optrA (10.8%). Moreover, asa1 (37.8%), cylA (42.3%), gelE (78.4%), esp (32.4%), EF3314(48.6%) and ace (75.5%) were the most common virulence genes. A significant correlation was found between biofilm formation, multidrug resistance and virulence genes of the isolates. This study highlights several aspects of virulence and harmfulness of Enterococcus strains isolated from subclinical mastitic milk, which necessitates continuous inspection and monitoring of dairy animals.

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