scholarly journals Topographic and Anatomical Features of the Human Vertebral Column and Spinal Cord at the 18–21 Weeks of Fetal Ontogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
L. O. Shalikova ◽  
D. N. Liashchenko ◽  
E. N. Galeeva ◽  
Y. V. Gulina ◽  
V. A. Galiakbarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Fetal Surgery ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
Spinal Roots ◽  
The Right

The aim of study was to identify anatomical features of the vertebral column and spinal cord, as well as their relationships at the stage of the intermediate fetal period of ontogenesis.Material and methods. The research included the study and analysis of the sectional material of 20 human fetuses of both genders at the 18–21 weeks of their development. The material was obtained as a result of abortion on social indications. The complex of morphological methods such as macro-microscopic preparation, N.I. Pirogov technique of preparations of variously-planared sections, preparation of series of histotopogrammes with van Gieson’s staining was used in the study.Results. The study has revealed that the length of the vertebral column varied from 110±4.9 mm to 122±4.7 mm in the investigated period of ontogenesis. The development of the vertebral column curvatures was observed; thoracic kyphosis being found most commonly (in 80% of cases). The transverse size of the vertebral body was larger than the anterior-posterior size of the vertebral column. There was an asymmetry of holes in the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae. The character of changes in the vertebral canal was defined, the dynamics of these changes was quantitatively described. The morphometry of the spinal cord was performed in correlation with the spinal column. The largest length of the spinal roots was registered at the level of Sc5. The study demonstrated that development of the spinal cord is subject to the rule of bilateral asymmetry: spinal roots of the same segment on the right and left sides are not always symmetrical and may have different length parameters.Conclusion. Thus, the obtained data on quantitative morphometry and topography of the vertebral column and spinal cord at the 18–21 weeks of the human ontogenesis can be used as the anatomical basis for the developing fetal surgery and diagnostic methods.

Interventional-Related Spine Anatomy

2018 ◽  
pp. 669-678
Author(s):  
Edward Jack Ebani ◽  
Kathryn Dean ◽  
Apostolos John Tsiouris
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Spinal Nerves ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

This chapter on interventional-related spine anatomy provides a concise overview of normal spinal anatomy, as well as commonly encountered pathologic conditions, with a particular emphasis on the relevant imaging findings. The introduction outlines potential sources of back pain and their presenting symptomatology. The chapter reviews the main imaging modalities used to evaluate the spine and discusses their specific advantages and disadvantages. The anatomy of the muscles of the vertebral column, the vertebral column itself, and common variations), intervertebral ligaments and discs, vertebral joints, meninges and spinal cord, spinal nerves, and vasculature of the spinal column and spinal cord are reviewed. The discussion includes multiple radiographic, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and angiographic images, as well as illustrations to supplement the text.

Posterior vertebral column subtraction osteotomy: a novel surgical approach for the treatment of multiple recurrences of tethered cord syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick C. Hsieh ◽  
Stephen L. Ondra ◽  
Andrew W. Grande ◽  
Brian A. O'Shaughnessy ◽  
Karin Bierbrauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Tethered Cord ◽  
Tethered Cord Syndrome ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Tethered Spinal Cord ◽  
Vertebral Column Resection ◽  
Csf Leakage ◽  
Multiple Recurrences

Recurrent tethered cord syndrome (TCS) has been reported to develop in 5–50% of patients following initial spinal cord detethering operations. Surgery for multiple recurrences of TCS can be difficult and is associated with significant complications. Using a cadaveric tethered spinal cord model, Grande and colleagues demonstrated that shortening of the vertebral column by performing a 15–25-mm thoracolumbar osteotomy significantly reduced spinal cord, lumbosacral nerve root, and terminal filum tension. Based on this cadaveric study, spinal column shortening by a thoracolumbar subtraction osteotomy may be a viable alternative treatment to traditional surgical detethering for multiple recurrences of TCS. In this article, the authors describe the use of posterior vertebral column subtraction osteotomy (PVCSO) for the treatment of 2 patients with multiple recurrences of TCS. Vertebral column resection osteotomy has been widely used in the surgical correction of fixed spinal deformity. The PVCSO is a novel surgical treatment for multiple recurrences of TCS. In such cases, PVCSO may allow surgeons to avoid neural injury by obviating the need for dissection through previously operated sites and may reduce complications related to CSF leakage. The novel use of PVCSO for recurrent TCS is discussed in this report, including surgical considerations and techniques in performing PVCSO.

Progressive post-traumatic syringomyelia: a clinical case

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
F. A. Bushkov ◽  
M. A. Bzhylyanskiy ◽  
A. Yu. Kordonskiy
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Right

The objective of the present article is to describe a rare clinical case of progressive post-traumatic cervical syringomyelia after spinal cord injury with fracture of proximal metaepiphysis of the right humerus. The patient had a progressive neurological loss after spinal cord injury.Materials and methods. The patient underwent surgical treatment: decompression and stabilization of spinal column, surgical technique of spinal cord detethering, cyst shunting.Results. In the postoperative period the patient had increased spasticity in the lower extremities, increased weakness in the muscles of the upper extremities, aggravation of orthostatic hypotension, and inability to flex the first and the fifth fingers of the right hand. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine revealed progression of syringomyelia.Conclusion. This case demonstrates differentiation between cervical myelopathy and plexus paresis in a patient with combination spinal injury and reveals the mechanisms underlying late progression of neurological deficit.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Informed consent. The patient gave written informed consent to the publication of his data.

scholarly journals Iatrogenic Postvaccinal Injection Site Granulomas in Cattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Natália Picoli Folchini ◽  
Liliane Zanatta ◽  
Lays Wouters Ugolini ◽  
Tanise Policarpo Machado ◽  
Adriana Costa Da Motta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Injection Site ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Trained Personnel ◽  
History Of

Background: The Brazilian government has established disease eradication and control programs to protect livestock from pathogens that affect animal health and compromise animal protein production and food safety and quality. Vaccination campaigns against foot-and-mouth disease and other infectious diseases in cattle except brucellosis can be carried out bynon-veterinarian employees. However, vaccination errors can result in the formation of granulomas at injection sites that can affect animal welfare and production. The present study aimed to report two cases of granulomas at injection sites due to the inadvertent administration of vaccines containing saponins and mineral oil as adjuvants.Cases: Case 1. The history was that a 2-year-old Devon steer was down for 7 days and was vaccinated 20 days ago with a vaccine containing saponins and mineral oil as adjuvants. Case 2. A 7-month-old Holstein heifer was examinated due to a 40-day history of ataxia, forelimb paresis progressing to tetraparesis, and vaccination with a vaccine containing saponins and mineral oil as adjuvants 60 days ago. These two animals were admitted in the Veterinary Hospital from the University of Passo Fundo (UPF) with a clinical history of incoordination and permanent decubitus after vaccination. The disease had a similar clinical course in both animals. Clinical signs included the presence of a palpable cervical mass at the site of vaccination, forelimb paresis that progressed to tetraparesis, and decubitus scars. Treatment included intravenousadministration of anti-inflammatory steroids, antibiotic therapy, daily cleansing of the pressure sores, all four limbs were massaged, animals underwent several physiotherapy sessions, slings were used to mantain recumbent patients in a standing position and supportive therapy consisted of fluid therapy and oral supplementation. Animals remained hospitalizedfor approximately 40 days. Pacients experienced temporary improvement during treatment, and would walk with an uncoordinated gait. The clinical picture worsened after treatment was discontinued, necessitating euthanasia. At necropsy, gross lesions were similar in both animals. In case 1, the trapezius was firm and pale and had multiple granulomas whichextended into the cervical vertebral column at C3-C4 and invaded the spinal canal compressing the spinal cord. In case 2, there was extensive damage to the trapezius by granulomatous inflammation; numerous nodular granulomas exuded milky contents. These lesions extended deep into the muscle fibers and infiltrated the vertebral column at C5-C6, with involvement of the medullary canal and spinal cord compression. Microscopically there was severe, diffuse pyogranulomatous myositis. Each pyogranuloma had a central clear space. Nodal architecture was effaced by these inflammatory nodules.Discussion: Some drugs and vaccines contain irritating adjuvants and induce granuloma formation at the inoculation site. In both cattle, vaccines were injected intramuscularly in the cranial third of the neck in close proximity to the cervical vertebrae and surrounding tissues. These vaccines possibly induced an exuberant inflammatory reaction at the inoculationsite. An exacerbated inflammatory response following the administration of adjuvanted vaccines by improperly trained personnel caused substantial tissue damage at the injection site. Severe, locally extensive lesions were found at necropsy affecting adjacent structures including skeletal muscles and spinal cord. The clinical signs of ataxia and forelimb paresis thatprogressed to tetraparesis were due to the marked pyogranulomatous inflammation in C3-C4 in case 1 and in C5-C6 in case 2. The present study reinforces the importance of good farming practices and properly trained personnel working at farms.Keywords: bovine, vaccine, infection site, granuloma, iatrogenic.

scholarly journals FACTORS DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF NEUROLOGICAL DEFICIENCY IN COMPRESSION AND NON-COMPRESSION LESIONS IN DOGS WITH CARDIOLOGIC PATHOLOGIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
N.A. Kozlov ◽  
◽  
F.A. Gryadunova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Sequential Algorithm ◽  
Large Cities

The number of neurological patients in veterinary prac-tice is constantly growing. This is due to increasing number of injuries in animals (fractures, spondylolisthesis), mani-festations of such pathologies as osteochondrosis, tumors of the spinal cord and spinal column (the life expectancy of pets in large cities increases due to, among other things, the use of ready-made diets in their feeding), and also by close inbreeding which increases the proportion of genetic anomalies of the spinal column. Concomitant cardiac dis-eases in neurologically impaired dogs are common in an-esthetic practice of surgical treatment of spinal cord com-pression. Neurological pathology is referred to as urgent, i.e. associated with the need for early diagnosis and treat-ment. In veterinary medicine, as opposed to humane medi-cine, it is often not possible to determine the level / locali-zation of the lesion on the basis of neurological symptoms and syndromes. Accurate and correct diagnosis using a sequential algorithm for examining a cardiologic animal with neurological disorders, using additional diagnostic methods such as myelography, MRI, morphological exami-nation, etc. allow conducting successful surgical treatment and avoiding complications from the cardiovascular system after anesthesia. In the immediate postoperative period, the adaptive mechanisms in the animal body may be insuf-ficient and take on a decompensation character which may cause complications from the cardiovascular system and the death of the patient. The research goal was to statisti-cally analyze the causes of neurological disorders in dogs with concomitant heart diseases, identify the most frequent neurological disorders, and determine the breed and age predisposition of dogs to these diseases under planned anesthesia.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF ANATOMICAL INFORMATION OF COLUMNA VERTEBRAE CERVICAL IN 15 TO 20-DEGREE RIGHT POSTERIOR OBLIQUE PROJECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Zuzilla ◽  
T.Mohd Yoshandi ◽  
Danil Hulmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Oblique Projection ◽  
The Right ◽  
Anatomical Information ◽  
Radiological Examinations

Columna cervical vertebrae are a type of long bone that occurs on the back of the head. One of the radiological examinations most frequently performed in the hospital is the examination of the right posterior oblique projection cervical vertebrae (RPO). However, to see the cervical vertebrae column radiograph that is more optimal for cases of HNP, fractures, fissures, root symdrome. with a variation of the angle of 15 ° and 20 ° cranially. To find out which method is the most informative to display the right posterior oblique (RPO) projection with an angle of 15 ° and 20 ° cranially. This research is a type of quantitative research with statistical expansion. This research uses phantom. The research was conducted at the STIKes Awal Bros Pekanbaru in August 2020. The vertebral column results were used well, namely at an angle of 15 ° with clearly visible vertebral foramen, clearly visible intervertebral disc, visible C4 - C7, spinous process, clearly visible intervertebral disc.

Spinal Level

2017 ◽  
pp. 523-558
Author(s):  
Eduardo E. Benarroch ◽  
Jeremy K. Cutsforth-Gregory ◽  
Kelly D. Flemming
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Spinal Level ◽  
Spinal Nerves ◽  
Fluid Systems

The spinal level includes the vertebral column and its contents. The spinal canal within the vertebral column is the passage formed by the vertebrae. It extends from the foramen magnum of the skull through the sacrum of the spinal column and contains the spinal cord, nerve roots, spinal nerves, meninges, and vascular supply of the spinal cord. Five of the major systems are represented in the spinal canal: the sensory, motor, autonomic, vascular, and cerebrospinal fluid systems. The vascular and cerebrospinal fluid structures are the support systems of the spinal cord. Diseases of the spinal canal involve 1 or more of these systems and produce patterns of disease distinctive to this level. The anatomical and physiologic characteristics of the spinal cord and spinal nerves that permit the identification and localization of diseases in the spinal canal are presented in this chapter.

scholarly journals Atlanto-occipital Approach for Cervical Myelography in Horse with Spinal Cord Compression

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Cosmin PEŞTEAN ◽  
Liviu OANA ◽  
Cristian CRECAN ◽  
Alexandra MUREŞAN ◽  
Robert PURDOIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Head Positions ◽  
Lateral Recumbency

The aim of this study was to establish a specific interdisciplinary protocol for evaluation of horses with spinal cord compression. A filly was presented with signs of ataxia at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. After neurological examination the presumptive diagnostic was spinal cord compression. Under general anesthesia, the patient was placed for radiological examination in lateral recumbency with head elevated. After antisepsia of cervical region, a Tuohy needle was inserted in atlanto-occipital space and contrast substance was administrated. Radiographic images of the cervical vertebral column were obtained in the neutral, flexed, and extended head positions. The anesthesia protocol was effective, the needle was placed safely in the subarachnoid space and the contrast substance flowed caudally. The obtained radiographic images confirmed spinal cord compressions at the level of cervical vertebrae C3, C4, C5. This working protocol was effective to obtain radiographical images with contrast substance in horses with neurological diseases.

Tethered Cord Syndrome in Children – Report of Two Cases

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-139
Author(s):  
Filip Duma ◽  
Sonja Bojadzieva ◽  
Aspazija Sofijanova ◽  
Ana Stamatova ◽  
Angelcho Andonovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Tethered Cord ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Tethered Spinal Cord ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Early Diagnostics ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Age Dependent

Abstract Tethered spinal cord syndrome is a neurological disorder caused by tissue attachments that limit the movement of the spinal cord within the spinal column. Attachments may occur congenitally at the base of the spinal cord (medullary cone) or they may develop near the site of an injury to the spinal cord. These attachments cause an abnormal stretching of the spinal cord. The course of the disorder is progressive. We present two patients that were diagnosed at age of three months and three years, respectively. Final diagnosis was made by magnetic resonance imaging, and both patients were referred to University Clinic of Neurosurgery for further treatment. Our aim is to illustrate the advantages of the early diagnostics of this progressive condition, to present diagnostic methods that are age-dependent and to illustrate the early clinical indicators for its existence.

scholarly journals Vertebrobasilar insufficiency caused by cervical aneurysmal bone cyst – Case report

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (02) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Benjamim Pessoa Vale ◽  
Eduardo Leitão de Almeida Lima ◽  
Ana Clara Mourão Barreto ◽  
Luciano Arruda Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Bone Cyst ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Aneurysmal Bone Cysts ◽  
The Right

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are benign bone tumors of relatively rare occurrence. Most of the lesions occur at long bones, vertebrae and flat bones. However, the cervical vertebrae involvement is uncommon. Occasionally, the ABCs compress the spinal cord and nerve roots. Depending on the level of involvement and the extent of spinal cord compression, a wide variety of neurological symptoms and signs may be noted later, ranging from mild radiculopathy to complete paraplegia or tetraplegia. A case of aneurysmal bone cyst involving the second and third cervical vertebrae in a 15 years old patient, causing compression of the right vertebral artery and subsequent vertebrobasilar insufficiency is reported. We also discuss the clinical manifestations of the vertebrobasilar insufficiency, of the spinal compression, and the surgery treatment performed in this case.

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