scholarly journals Soviet Historiography of the Medieval Lithuanian Past

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-325
Author(s):  
Maxim E. Megem ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Soviet Historiography ◽  
Grand Duchy

The article deals with the process of organization and development of the study of the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Soviet Union. The author considers the fate of pre-revolutionary historians, experts in Lithuanian history, who were forced to either emigrate or change the field of research. The article presents the analysis of the first works of Soviet scholars concerning the Lithuanian Middle Ages. It also examines the contribution of Vladimir I. Picheta and Vladimir T. Pashuto to the organization of Soviet Lithuanistics.

scholarly journals Ivan the Terrible and Russian Feudalism in the Works of Hungarian and Russian Historians of the Soviet Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Halperin
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Ivan The Terrible ◽  
Soviet Historiography

In his book An Attempt at Microhistoriography (Rus. Опыт микроисториографии), Gyula Szvák, an outstanding Hungarian specialist in Russian history, republishes seven of his earlier articles and presents a previously unpublished eighth article on the Soviet historiography of the key issues of 16th-century Russian history. The articles consider Ivan Peresvetov’s works, reforms and oprichnina between the middle and second half of the sixteenth century; also, they compare the reigns and personalities of Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great. Additionally, the author explores the personal stories of his mentors, Russian historian Ruslan Skrynnikov and Hungarian József Perényi. The book reviewed presents a kind of panorama of two historiographic traditions of studying the Russian Middle Ages in the Soviet Union and Hungary before the collapse of the communist regime there. The author returns to the peculiarities of Russia’s historical development and comprehension of the concept of “Russian feudalism” and reflects on the fate of historians who were engaged in the study of mediaeval Russia under rigid ideological principles.

scholarly journals Knighthood in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the Late Fourteenth to the Early Sixteenth Centuries

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-66
Author(s):  
Rimvydas Petrauskas
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Development ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Times ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

The main aim of this article is to collect and assess all accessible data about the early development of chivalric culture in the GDL and to identify possible trends. This phenomenon is perceived as part of the history of the European knighthood in the late Middle Ages. The article also seeks to investigate the meaning of the conception of the knight in the GDL documents of the fifteenth century in order to determine the spread of knighthood in the nobility of the Grand Duchy. In the research of these aspects the flourishing of the knighthood culture at the court of Grand Duke Vytautas in the early-fifteenth century is distinguished as a period when high-ranking representatives of the country’s nobility were awarded titles; and a new enhancement is noticeable in the times of Alexander Jogailaitis when an initiative, a unique phenomenon in Poland-Lithuania, was undertaken to establish a brotherhood of knights. In the analysis of the use of the concept of knighthood, emphasis is placed on the difference between the singular use of the knightly title and the pluralistic estate conception.

scholarly journals Institutions of the Judiciary in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (XIV-XVI centuries): structure, classification, competence

2019 ◽  
pp. 151-163
Author(s):  
P. Zakharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
State Courts ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
The Right ◽  
Grand Duchy

The article deals with the classification of the judiciary in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (hereinafter referred to as the GDL), which included most Ukrainian lands during that period. The purpose of the work is to identify institutes of justice that were active during the Middle Ages in the GDL, to study their structure, to classify and competence each of them. Following the majority of researchers in the history of national law, the author shares the view that the three stages of the evolution of the organization of justice in the specified period. The periodicisation is based on the well-known principle of court ownership, distinguishing state and non-state courts. Characterization of each of the judicial institutions is carried out. It noted that state courts were under the direct jurisdiction of the Grand Duke and his government officials, while non-state courts were not subordinate to government officials, but their decisions were found to be legitimate. Such courts have arranged both the Grand Duke of Lithuania (the master) and the general population, since the former sought to relieve the courts, and the latter sought opportunities to resolve the dispute on the spot, without long journeys and the pecuniary expense of keeping the letter and spirit of the law. The author pays the most attention to land courts created on the basis of customary Ukrainian law. They originated in the fourteenth century. from the tradition of the Russian faithful courts. It is considered by public courts operating throughout Ukraine's ethnic territory, mostly in rural areas. Cities and towns that were not in Magdeburg law were also included in the land area. Representatives of various sections and strata of Ukrainian society participated in his work, starting with the peasantry and ending with the nobles-government. Attention is drawn to the jurisdiction of land courts in criminal proceedings. It has been proven that property crimes - theft, robbery, robbery, arson - were distinguished from criminal cases considered by land courts. Qualified death penalty was practiced, first of all hanging, burning, quartering. Initially, all the inhabitants of the land district (suburbs) came under the jurisdiction of the land courts, but subsequently the nobility was granted the right to sue the commercial court. The findings of the paper stated that despite the variety of judicial institutions, the competence of each court was sufficiently clearly defined.

scholarly journals Changing Perceptions of Türk Identity Among the Medieval Nomads of Central Eurasia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
István Zimonyi
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Central Eurasia ◽  
Eurasian Steppe ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Historical Importance ◽  
History Of

The Türk Khaganate and the ethnonym Türk have been used in modern nation-building processes among the Turkic-speaking peoples of Eurasia since the end of the nineteenth century. The historical importance of the name is exemplified by the country of Turkey today, the plan for a Turkic Republic in Central Asia in the 1920s, and the latest Kazak (Tatar) historiography after the fall of the Soviet Union. The study focuses on the meanings of Türk in the period of the Türk Khaganate (6th–8th centuries). Its first denotation is for an ethnic community or nationality, that is, a nomadic tribal confederation defined by use of the model of gens, including a common origin, language, and traditions with centuries of a stable political framework and the majority of society sharing common law. The second aspect of the usage of the term Türk, being political, referred to all peoples subject to the power of the Türk Khagan. After the fall of the Türk Khaganate, both meanings faded away due to the lack of political stability in the history of the Eurasian steppe, revealing an absence of ethnic continuity from the Middle Ages. However, fragments of Türk identity may have survived in the forms of language community, the Islamic legend of descent from an eponymos hero, and a nomadic way of life opposed to the territorial principles of settled civilisations.

scholarly journals THE PRINCIPLE OF PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE OF TWO SYSTEMS AND THE INTERPRETATION OF ITS THEORETICAL SOURCES IN RESEARCH ON THE HISTORY OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE SOVIET UNION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Chengzhang Zou ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Peaceful Coexistence ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Friedrich Engels ◽  
Soviet Historiography

The article presents the results of the author’s study of the interpretation of the theoretical sources of the principle of peaceful coexistence of two systems in Soviet studies of the second half of the 20th century, devoted to the history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The author established a chronological framework for studying the principle of peaceful coexistence of two systems in Soviet historiography, and revealed Soviet historiographic markers of this principle in the corpuses of the works of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels and Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin). The article also presents a historical description and analysis of the way Soviet historians of the party interpreted the principle of peaceful coexistence of two systems in the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The author identified the historical features of Soviet historians’ interpretation of the principle of peaceful coexistence of two systems in the works of Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin), systematized approaches to the interpretation of the theoretical sources of the principle of peaceful coexistence of two systems that were formed in Soviet studies on the history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, revealed their structural features, and also developed a model for their typology.

Polish Cartography in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

1976 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-384
Author(s):  
Jan Wereszczyński
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Great Work ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Grand Duchy

Dr. Jan Wereszczynski, a member of this Institute, describes the little known Polish contribution to the mapping of eastern Europe at a time when interest in maps of the known world had been stimulated by the rediscovery and publication of Ptolemy's great work on Geography, written in the second century AD and forgotten during the Middle Ages.The history of the cartographical development of the Baltic and Black Sea coasts reveals a significant contribution from Polish cartographers in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The ‘father of Polish cartography’, and one of the most famous scientists of his day, was Bernard Wapowski (1450–1535) who published two maps of Sarmatia. One covers the northern part of the Balkan peninsula, a large part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Crimean Khanate and part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. The other covers the country north of a line from Toruri to Novgorod. It should be emphasized that Wapowski's geographical coordinates are of outstanding accuracy, most of them, especially the latitudes, being based on his own astronomical observations.

Quantitative Historical Research in Estonia: A Case Study in Soviet Historiography

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
Juhan Kahk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Close Collaboration ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Soviet Historiography

In the late 1950s and early 1960s, historians in various parts of the Soviet Union began to explore the use of mathematical methods and computer technology in historical studies. This development occurred not only in Moscow, Leningrad, Novosibirsk, and Kiev, but also in Tallinn. A small group of historians at the Institute of History of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, in close collaboration with their colleagues in Moscow, made an effort to apply mathematical methods to the study of history. Thanks to the comradely support of the research centers of the Soviet Union, it was possible for the historians of this small republic to progress rapidly. As a result, their work has become known not only in the Soviet Union but abroad as well.

The Role of the Mongolian People’s Republic in the Korean War

2018 ◽  
pp. 97-130
Author(s):  
Denzenlkham Ulambayar
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Korean War ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central Intelligence Agency ◽  
Intelligence Agency ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
History Of

Since the 1990s, when previously classified and top secret Russian archival documents on the Korean War became open and accessible, it has become clear for post-communist countries that Kim Il Sung, Stalin and Mao Zedong were the primary organizers of the war. It is now equally certain that tensions arising from Soviet and American struggle generated the origins of the Korean War, namely the Soviet Union’s occupation of the northern half of the Korean peninsula and the United States’ occupation of the southern half to the 38th parallel after 1945 as well as the emerging bipolar world order of international relations and Cold War. Newly available Russian archival documents produced much in the way of new energies and opportunities for international study and research into the Korean War.2 However, within this research few documents connected to Mongolia have so far been found, and little specific research has yet been done regarding why and how Mongolia participated in the Korean War. At the same time, it is becoming today more evident that both Soviet guidance and U.S. information reports (evaluated and unevaluated) regarding Mongolia were far different from the situation and developments of that period. New examples of this tendency are documents declassified in the early 2000s and released publicly from the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in December 2016 which contain inaccurate information. The original, uncorrupted sources about why, how and to what degree the Mongolian People’s Republic (MPR) became a participant in the Korean War are in fact in documents held within the Mongolian Central Archives of Foreign Affairs. These archives contain multiple documents in relation to North Korea. Prior to the 1990s Mongolian scholars Dr. B. Lkhamsuren,3 Dr. B. Ligden,4 Dr. Sh. Sandag,5 junior scholar J. Sukhee,6 and A. A. Osipov7 mention briefly in their writings the history of relations between the MPR and the DPRK during the Korean War. Since the 1990s the Korean War has also briefly been touched upon in the writings of B. Lkhamsuren,8 D. Ulambayar (the author of this paper),9 Ts. Batbayar,10 J. Battur,11 K. Demberel,12 Balảzs Szalontai,13 Sergey Radchenko14 and Li Narangoa.15 There have also been significant collections of documents about the two countries and a collection of memoirs published in 200716 and 2008.17 The author intends within this paper to discuss particularly about why, how and to what degree Mongolia participated in the Korean War, the rumors and realities of the war and its consequences for the MPR’s membership in the United Nations. The MPR was the second socialist country following the Soviet Union (the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics) to recognize the DPRK (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) and establish diplomatic ties. That was part of the initial stage of socialist system formation comprising the Soviet Union, nations in Eastern Europe, the MPR, the PRC (People’s Republic of China) and the DPRK. Accordingly between the MPR and the DPRK fraternal friendship and a framework of cooperation based on the principles of proletarian and socialist internationalism had been developed.18 In light of and as part of this framework, The Korean War has left its deep traces in the history of the MPR’s external diplomatic environment and state sovereignty

Displace of Documentary Heritage from the Soviet Union to Poland during the Third Decade of the XXth Century

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Tatsiana Hiarnovich
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Xxth Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selection Of

The paper explores the displace of Polish archives from the Soviet Union that was performed in 1920s according to the Riga Peace Treaty of 1921 and other international agreements. The aim of the research is to reconstruct the process of displace, based on the archival sources and literature. The object of the research is those documents that were preserved in the archives of Belarus and together with archives from other republics were displaced to Poland. The exploration leads to clarification of the selection of document fonds to be displaced, the actual process of movement and the explanation of the role that the archivists of Belarus performed in the history of cultural relationships between Poland and the Soviet Union. The articles of the Treaty of Riga had been formulated without taking into account the indivisibility of archive fonds that is one of the most important principles of restitution, which caused the failure of the treaty by the Soviet part.

A Sacred Space Is Never Empty

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Smolkin
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Sacred Space ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Mikhail Gorbachev ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Sacred Spaces ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Ideology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Experiment

When the Bolsheviks set out to build a new world in the wake of the Russian Revolution, they expected religion to die off. Soviet power used a variety of tools—from education to propaganda to terror—to turn its vision of a Communist world without religion into reality. Yet even with its monopoly on ideology and power, the Soviet Communist Party never succeeded in overcoming religion and creating an atheist society. This book presents the first history of Soviet atheism from the 1917 revolution to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The book argues that to understand the Soviet experiment, we must make sense of Soviet atheism. It shows how atheism was reimagined as an alternative cosmology with its own set of positive beliefs, practices, and spiritual commitments. Through its engagements with religion, the Soviet leadership realized that removing religion from the “sacred spaces” of Soviet life was not enough. Then, in the final years of the Soviet experiment, Mikhail Gorbachev—in a stunning and unexpected reversal—abandoned atheism and reintroduced religion into Soviet public life. The book explores the meaning of atheism for religious life, for Communist ideology, and for Soviet politics.

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