SCCmec Genotypes of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Nasal Carriage of Multiple Sclerosis Patients in Iran

Background: Asymptomatic nasal colonization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus is common in Multiple Sclerosis patients. SCCmec types I to III are mainly attributed to HA-MRSA strains whereas SCCmec types IV and V have commonly been reported in CA-MRSA infections. Here, we assessed the frequency of nasal carriage of MRSA in MS patients. This study aimed to evaluate MRSA SCCmec typing in MS nasal carriage. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from Feb and Jun 2017 in MS Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran. Overall, 620 nasal swabs were collected (325 from MS patients and 295 from control group). Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the disk diffusion and E-test method. Presence of mecA gene was confirmed by PCR assay and multiplex PCR was performed for SCCmec typing of MRSA isolates. Results: The frequency of MRSA among the MS patients and control group was almost equal (9.2% and 10.1%, respectively). SCCmec typing detected only types III, IV and V in both groups and type IV was the most predominant type in MS patients and control group. SCCmec type III was more prevalent in control group than MS patients (40% vs. 20%). Moreover, the frequency of SCCmec type V in MS patients was significantly higher than control group (36.7% vs. 3.3%). Conclusion: Although most MRSA isolates were collected from inpatients, interestingly there is a high frequency of SCCmec types IV and V in MS group. Moreover, MRSA isolates were not resistant to more antibiotics in SCCmec type III than types IV-V.

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Current Status of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec)

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics11010086 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

Yuki Uehara

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Sccmec Type ◽

Current Status ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Identification Methods ◽

Sccmec Types ◽

Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome ◽

Conventional Sequencing

Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing was established in the 2000s and has been employed as a tool for the molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the evolution investigation of Staphylococcus species. Molecular cloning and the conventional sequencing of SCCmec have been adopted to verify the presence and structure of a novel SCCmec type, while convenient PCR-based SCCmec identification methods have been used in practical settings for many years. In addition, whole-genome sequencing has been widely used, and various SCCmec and similar structures have been recently identified in various species. The current status of the SCCmec types, SCCmec subtypes, rules for nomenclature, and multiple methods for identifying SCCmec types and subtypes were summarized in this review, according to the perspective of the International Working Group on the Classification of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Elements.

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STUDY OF THE GUT ENTEROTYPES IN SOME EGYPTIAN PATIENTS WITH REMITTING RELAPSING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

10.22541/au.161700285.57402411/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sameh Said ◽

Shwikar Ahmed ◽

Mona Hamdy ◽

Richard Wani ◽

Ahmed Ibrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

University Hospital ◽

Control Group ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Case ◽

Egyptian Patients ◽

Stool Specimens ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽

And Control ◽

Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Cross Matching

Background: Gut microbiota cluster into three enterotypes named the Bacteroides, Prevotella and Ruminococcus. While each person’s microbial “fingerprint” is unique, there are specific patterns seen in those that are healthy and those that have specific illnesses. The aim of the present study is to identify the enterotypes that are likely related to Multiple Sclerosis Egyptian patients as well as their possible role in the course of the disease. Subjects & Methods: Thirty patients with remitting relapsing multiple sclerosis, who presented to the MS Clinic of Alexandria University Hospital were enrolled in our study. These were diagnosed according to according to McDonnald 2017 criteria. A cross matching control group of 20 healthy subjects of similar age and sex were included. Stool specimens were taken from each. Quantitative SYBR Green Real-Time PCR was done for the identification and quantitation of Bacteroides, Prevotella and Ruminococcus which constitute the core of the three major enterotypes. Results: Enterotype 1 is the most common enterotype detected in MS and control cases (80% versus 65%). For Enterotype 3, it was not detected in any of the 20 control cases while detected in multiple sclerosis case (16.7%). However, by comparing the multiple sclerosis and control cases Enterotype 2 is significantly less in multiple sclerosis than control (3.3% versus 35%). Conclusion: Although Enterotype 2 is significantly less in multiple sclerosis patients, collapsing the whole microbiome variations into dominant enterotypes was not appropriate to identify disease association or to be used as a disease biomarker.

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Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization among Children with Sickle Cell Disease at the Children’s Hospital, Accra: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antibiotic Resistance

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9050329 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 329

Author(s):

Vera A. Appiah ◽

George A. Pesewu ◽

Fleischer C. N. Kotey ◽

Alahaman Nana Boakye ◽

Samuel Duodu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Nasal Carriage ◽

Control Group ◽

Cell Disease ◽

Control Groups ◽

Study Participants ◽

And Control ◽

Carriage Prevalence

The aim of this study was to investigate S. aureus carriage among children with sickle cell disease (SCD), including the prevalence, risk factors, and antibiotic resistance. The study was cross-sectional, and involved 120 children with SCD recruited at the Princess Marie Louise Children’s Hospital (PML) in Accra and 100 apparently healthy children from environs of the hospital. Nasal swab samples were collected from the study participants and cultured for bacteria. Confirmation of S. aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates were done using the tube coagulase test and mecA polymerase chain reaction, respectively. All the S. aureus isolates were tested against standard antimicrobial agents using the Kirby-Bauer method. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic and clinical data of the study participants. Binary logistic regression was used to identify determinants of S. aureus and MRSA carriage among the study participants. The nasal carriage prevalence of S. aureus was 33.3% (n = 40) and 10% (n = 10) among the participants of the SCD and control groups, respectively. As regards MRSA nasal carriage prevalence, the respective values were 3.33% (n = 4) and 0.00% (n = 0). SCD was significantly associated with S. aureus colonization (p < 0.0001, OR = 4.045), but not MRSA colonization (p = 0.128). In the SCD group, the significant predictors of S. aureus carriage were increasing age (p = 0.003; OR = 1.275) and living in self-contained apartments (p = 0.033; OR = 3.632), whereas male gender (p = 0.018; OR = 0.344) and the practice of self-medication (p = 0.039; OR = 0.233) were protective of S. aureus carriage. In the control group, a history of hospitalization in the past year was a risk factor for the carriage of S. aureus (p = 0.048; OR = 14.333). Among the participants of the SCD and control groups, respectively, the resistance prevalence recorded by S. aureus against the various antibiotics investigated were penicillin (100% each), cotrimoxazole (27.5% vs. 20%), tetracycline (25% vs. 50%), rifampicin (82.5% vs. 50%), erythromycin (30% vs. 20%), clindamycin (32.5% vs. 50%), gentamicin (7.5% vs. 20%), cefoxitin (27.5% vs. 20%), linezolid (30% vs. 40%), and fusidic acid (95% vs. 80%). The proportion of S. aureus isolates that were multidrug resistant (MDR) was 92.5% (37/40) in the SCD group and 100% (10/10) in the control group.

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154-P: DPB1* Aleles in Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Control Group in Castilla y Leon (Spain)

Human Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.humimm.2010.06.208 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. S112

Author(s):

Alberto J. Leon ◽

Victoriano J. Leon ◽

Jesus L. Cacho ◽

Jesus Arcaya

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Control Group ◽

Castilla Y Leon ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽

And Control

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High prevalence of intrathecal IgA synthesis in multiple sclerosis patients

10.21203/rs.3.rs-892637/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ursula Muñoz ◽

Cristina Sebal ◽

Esther Escudero ◽

Maria Isabel García Sánchez ◽

Elena Urcelay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Ultrasensitive Assay ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽

And Control

Abstract Introduction: The detection of intrathecal IgA synthesis (IAS) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is cumbersome, for this reason, we developed a highly sensitive assay to assess it in MS. Methods: 151 MS patients and 22 controls with different neurological diseases were recruited. IgA concentration was analyzed by ELISA. Oligoclonal IgA bands to detect IAS were determined by a new ultrasensitive assay based on isoelectrofocusing (IEF). Results: Most individuals showed an IgA concentration within normal range in serum samples (95.95%) but 38.41% of individuals had a low IgA concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with no significant differences observed between MS and control groups, neither in CSF nor in serum. The new IEF was more sensitive than those previously described (0.01 mg/dl of IgA), and clearly identified patients with and without IAS, that was not related with IgA concentration. MS patients showed higher percentage of IAS (43.00%) than the control group (18.20) (p = 0.035), because the incidence was especially higher in MS patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS, 66.00%). Conclusions: Intrathecal IgA synthesis is observed more frequently in MS patients than in other neurological diseases, and with higher incidence than assumed in the past.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among healthy employees of the Hellenic Air Force

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/ese.13.40.18999-en ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (40) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S Karapsias ◽

E T Piperaki ◽

I Spiliopoulou ◽

G Katsanis ◽

A Tseleni - Kotsovili

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Air Force ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Sccmec Type ◽

Nasal Carriage ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Type Iv

The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among 959 healthy employees of the Hellenic Air Force was investigated from November 2004 to October 2005. Nine participants were found to be colonised by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (SCCmec type IV). Eight of the MRSA isolates were PVL-negative and belonged to ST30 by MLST, while the remaining one isolate was PVL-positive and classified as ST-80

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Nasal carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among medical students of a private institution in Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology ◽

10.4314/ajcem.v21i4.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 311-317

Author(s):

T.A. Ajani ◽

C.J. Elikwu ◽

V. Nwadike ◽

T. Babatunde ◽

C.G. Anaedobe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Medical Students ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Health Workers ◽

Meca Gene ◽

Nasal Carriage ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Methicillin Resistant

Background: Nasal carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major factor for its transmission especially from the health workers and medical students to their patients. There are a number of published data on the prevalence of MRSA among health workers but data on nasal colonization of medical students by MRSA are sparse in Nigeria. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA among medical students of the Ben Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria, and identify risk factors associated with this nasal carriage. Methodology: A case control study involving 100 clinical (study group) and 100 pre- clinical (control group) medical students was undertaken between March 2018 and October 2019. Structured questionnaire was administered to obtain socio-demographic information and potential risk factors. Nasal swab was collected from each student and cultured for isolation of S. aureus by standard microbiology techniques. Phenotypic MRSA was detected by the cefoxitin 30μg disk diffusion method according to the guideline of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The mecA gene was detected by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results: The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage among the study group was 14% (14/100) while the prevalence among the control group was 6% (6/100) (p=0.097). The prevalence of phenotypic MRSA among the study group was 4% (4/100) and 1% (1/100) among the control group (p=0.3687) while mecA gene was detected in 3 of the 4 (75%) phenotypic MRSA positive study participants and in the only (100%) phenotypic MRSA positive (1%) control group. Antibiotics usage without prescription, antibiotic treatment of common cold, and use of antibiotics in the previous one year, were significantly associated with MRSA carriage among the study group. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of nasal carriage of S. aureus and MRSA among clinical and pre-clinical medical students was not statistically significant, the risk factors identified with carriage of MRSA among the study group indicates the need for antimicrobial stewardship program to reduce carriage and transmission of MRSA by medical students. Keywords: methicillin resistant, Staphylococcus aureus, mecA gene, nasal carriage, medical students

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Nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among medical students of Belgrade University

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh1306349c ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 141 (5-6) ◽

pp. 349-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ivana Cirkovic ◽

Slobodanka Djukic ◽

Dragana Vukovic ◽

Goran Stevanovic ◽

Milena Svabic-Vlahovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Medical Students ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Sccmec Type ◽

Nasal Carriage ◽

Phenotypic Characteristics ◽

Carriage Rate ◽

Mannitol Salt Agar ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Mrsa Strains

Introduction Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) present the growing problem in the whole world. Carriage of MRSA is most frequent in the nose, and medical students come in contact both with patients and different persons in the community. Therefore, they may be significant for the transmission of MRSA from hospitals to out- of-hospital communities and vice versa. Objective. The aim of this study was to establish the carriage rate among students of the second, third and fourth year of study at the School of Medicine in Belgrade and to analyze their genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Methods. In total 533 nasal samples were taken. The samples were incubated in Trypcase-soy broth supplemented with 6.5% NaCl, and thereafter the swabs were inoculated on mannitol salt agar supplemented with 2 ?g/mL of oxacillin. The presence of nuc, mecA and Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes was examined by PCR. The characteristics of the MRSA strains were determined using: antibiotic susceptibility testing by Vitek2 System, SCCmec, agr typing and MLST. Results. MRSA was isolated from two of 533 investigated samples (0.37%). MRSA were isolated from the students of the second and third year of study. Profiles of strains were: ST80 (SCCmec type IV, agr type 3) and ST152 (SCCmec type V, agr type 1). MRSA strains were multiresistant. Conclusion. The nasal carriage rate of MRSA in population of medical students of the first year of study in Belgrade is low. Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of MRSA strains indicate their community origin. MLST typing revealed that isolates belong to ST80 and ST152.

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Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Based Typing of Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassette mec of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Selected Hospitals in Lahore

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v9i1.734 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Romeeza T ◽

Naeem R ◽

Nadeem A

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Sccmec Type ◽

Meca Gene ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Different Types ◽

Type Ia ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Sccmec Types

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. Prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been reported in up to 42% of isolates in Pakistan. Methicillin resistance is encoded by the mecA gene and it is transferred by a unique genetic vector called staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCCmec). Depending upon the selection pressures of antibiotics, different types of SCCmec elements may prevail in different parts of the world. Materials and Methods: Therefore, this study was designed to fi nd out the major SCCmec types present in selected hospitals of Lahore. For this purpose thirty fi ve MRSA isolates were collected. These strains were reconfi rmed and SCCmec types were determined by multiplex PCR. Results: It was found that 21 (60%) isolates possess SCCmec type IA while 14 (40%) isolates possess SCCmec type IIC. Conclusion: These cassettes are shown to be multiresistant and have not been reported in other Asian countries so far.

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Clonal types and antimicrobial resistance profiles of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hospitals in south Brazil

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652008000300001 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 135-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Leandro Reus Rodrigues Perez ◽

Pedro Alves D'azevedo

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Sccmec Type ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Porto Alegre ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

And Control ◽

Sccmec Types

In the present study were evaluated the DNA macrorestriction profile and SCCmec types for nine multi-resistant MRSA selected. Also antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk diffusion method was evaluated for 68 MRSA isolates against 12 antimicrobial agents. The isolates were recovered from blood culture collected from hospitalized patients in three hospitals of Porto Alegre, Brazil. PFGE and PCR for mecA and SCCmec I, II, III, IV types genes were done on selected nine isolates with susceptibility only to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid. Two clone profiles, with five subtypes, were demonstrated among multi-resistant MRSA analyzed. Eight isolates showed harbor SCCmec type III and one isolate was not typeable. The knowledge of SCCmec type, clone and antimicrobial profiles among S. aureus is essential mainly to prevention and control of dissemination of the antimicrobial resistance.

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