scholarly journals Descriptive Study of Foodborne Disease Using Case Monitoring Data in Shandong Province, China, 2016-2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangjian WU ◽  
Liansen WANG ◽  
Qiang WANG ◽  
Ru HAN ◽  
Jinshan ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: In order to generate data on the burden of foodborne diseases in Shandong Province, we aimed to use the case monitoring data of foodborne diseases from 2016 to 2017 to estimate. Methods: Data were obtained from the foodborne disease surveillance reporting system with dates of onset from Jan 1, 2016, to Dec 31, 2017, in Shandong, China. Results: The places of food exposure were categorized by settings as follows: private home, catering facility, collective canteens, retail markets, rural banquets and other. Exposed food is divided into 23 categories. Overall incidence rate and proportions by exposure categories, age, and sex-specific incidence rates were calculated and sex proportions compared. Approximately 75.00% of cases who had at least one exposure settings were in private homes. The most frequently reported exposed food was a variety of food (meaning more than two kinds of food). The two-year average incidence rate was 75.78/100,000, sex-specific incidence rate was much higher for females compared to males (78.23 vs. 74.69 cases per 100,000 population). An age-specific trend was observed in the cases reported (Chi-Square for linear trend, χ2=4.39, P=0.036<0.05). Conclusion: A preliminary estimate of 14 million cases of foodborne diseases in Shandong province each year. Future studies should focus on cross-sectional and cohort studies to facilitate the assessment of the distribution and burden of foodborne disease of the population in Shandong. Considering strengthening the burden of foodborne diseases in foodborne disease surveillance is also a feasible way.

scholarly journals Incidence, Age-Specific, and Regional Distribution of Myocardial Infarction in Zanjan Province, Iran, during 2014-2019

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Myocardial Infarction (MI) is one of the most important cardiovascular diseases and the leading cause of 39% of deaths in Iran. Due to the different geographical diversity in Zanjan province, Iran, this study aimed to investigate the incidence, age-specific, and regional distribution of myocardial infarction in Zanjan province, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran, in 2020. Data were collected from nine hospital information systems. The incidence rate, age-specific, and regional distribution of MI were calculated for each county. Chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and binary logistic regression methods were used to investigate significant relationships between variables. All statistical analyses were performed using RStudio and R software. Results: In total, 3,723 MI patients were hospitalized in ZUMS hospitals during 2014-2019. The overall incidence rate of MI was 348 cases (95% CI, 337-359) per 100,000 population. Moreover, the prevalence of this condition was higher in males compared to females and at age 80 and over. The incidence rates of MI increased by 84% from 49 cases (95% CI: 47-55) in 2014 to 90 cases (95% CI: 88-99) in 2019 (P<0001). Moreover, the highest incidence rate of MI was observed in Khorramdareh and Ijrood counties. Conclusion: This study provided an overview of the current status of MI incidence in Zanjan province, Iran. The highest incidence of MI was observed in males and at the southeast of the studied area. This study can help health authorities and policymakers prioritize resource allocation and employ prevention programs to reduce the incidence rate of MI.

scholarly journals Spatial-time Visualization of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in an Urban Area: Informing Health Policy and Practice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Firouraghi ◽  
Sayyed Mostafa Mostafavi ◽  
Amene Raouf-Rahmati ◽  
Alireza Mohammadi ◽  
Reza Saemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Risk Areas

Abstract Background:Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an important public health concern worldwide. Iran is among the most CL-affected countries, being listed as one of the first six endemic countries in the world. In order to develop targeted interventions, we performed a spatial-time visualization of CL cases in an urban area to identify high-risk and low-risk areas during 2016-2019.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Mashhad. Patient data were gathered from Mashhad health centers. All cases (n=2425) were diagnosed in two stages; the initial diagnosis was based on clinical findings. Subsequently, clinical manifestation was confirmed by parasitological tests. The data were aggregated at the neighborhood and district levels and smoothed CL incidence rates per 100,000 individuals were calculated using the spatial empirical Bayesian approach. Furthermore, we used the Anselin Local Moran’s I statistic to identify clusters and outliers of CL distribution during 2016-2019 in Mashhad. Results:The overall incidence rates decreased from 34.6 per 100,000 in 2016 to 19.9 per 100,000 individuals in 2019. Both cluster analyses by crude incidence rate and smoothed incidence rate identified high-risk areas in southwestern Mashhad over the study period. Furthermore, the analyses revealed low-risk areas in northeastern Mashhad over the same 3-year period.Conclusions:The southwestern area of Mashhad had the highest CL incidence rates. This piece of information might be of value to design tailored interventions such as running effective resource allocation models, informed control plans and implementation of efficient surveillance systems. Furthermore, this study generates new hypotheses to test potential relationships between socio-economic and environmental risk factors and incidence of CL in areas with higher associated risks.

scholarly journals Comparison of stress in freshman and senior nursing students

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Carneiro Mussi ◽  
Cláudia Geovana da Silva Pires ◽  
Luciana Santos Carneiro ◽  
Ana Lúcia Siqueira Costa ◽  
Fernanda Michelle Santos e Silva Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Chi Square Test

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare stress levels in freshman and senior nursing students. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a public federal university of the state of Bahia, with students who answered questionnaires about sociodemographic variables, academic life, and a scale for assessing stress in nursing students. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were applied to analyze the relationship between variables. To assess proportional trends between ordinal variables and groups, a chi-square test for linear trend was applied. The significance level was 5%. Results: One hundred and fifty-four students participated in the study. There was a tendency to higher stress levels among students in the last year compared to those in the first year, in four out of six domains: Performance of Practical Activities (p=0.00), Professional Communication (p=0.00), Environment (p=0.00) and Professional Education (p=0.00). Conclusion: High levels of stress were observed in students taking the last year. There is a need for broader research that includes other years of the course, an institutional reflection on stress factors and the adoption of an institutional policy that favors a better confrontation of stress factors.

Surveillance of Foodborne Disease II. Summary and Presentation of Descriptive Data and Epidemiologic Patterns; Their Value and Limitations

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK L. BRYAN ◽  
JOHN J. GUZEWICH ◽  
EWEN C. D. TODD
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Foodborne Illnesses ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Contributory Factors ◽  
Common Diseases ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
The Common

This second part of a four-part series on foodborne disease surveillance concentrates on tabulation of data to show the common diseases and to detect those emerging in a community, region or nation. Over several years, these data give a continued description of foodborne illnesses. The presentation starts with a summarization of the incidents, outbreaks, and cases that occur over a defined interval and continues with a breakdown of specific etiologic agents or diseases that make up the summary figures. Suggested tables showing time and place of occurrences are given. These, along with data on persons who acquire these diseases, form the epidemiologic patterns of foodborne diseases. Definitions of the terms used in the table and criteria for confirming categories of etiologic agents are given. The value and limitations of each set of data in the tables are critically reviewed. The same sort of presentation is continued for data on vehicles, method of processing and preparation, and contributory factors in the next part of this series.

scholarly journals Invention of ovarian cancer in Nišav district

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-119
Author(s):  
Biljana Kocić
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Education Of Women ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Descriptive Method

Introduction : Ovarian cancer is the eighth most common malignant disease in women in the world, accounting for 3.4% of all malignant tumors in women. It has the highest lethality among gynecological malignancies. The aim of this paper was to analyze the incidence of this malignancy in the Nisava district in the period 1999-2018. years. Material and method: Descriptive method applied. The population registry for cancer of the Institute of Public Health in Nis was the source of the data. Raw and standardized incidence rates per 100,000 women were calculated. Standardization was performed by the direct method. The linear trend of the incidence rate was calculated. Results: In the structure of malignant diseases in women, ovarian cancer accounts for 5%. The average annual standardized incidence rate is 13.5. In the observed twenty-year period, an increase in the linear trend of incidence rates is registered. The highest standardized rate was recorded in 2016 (20.4), and the lowest in 2002 (10.1). The disease is not registered under the age of fifteen, and is most common in the age group of 70-74. There is a statistically significant increase in the trend of standardized incidence rates with age. The highest standardized incidence rate is recorded in the municipality of Svrljig (18.5) and the lowest in the municipality of Merošina (7.2). Conclusion: The registration of an unfavorable trend in the incidence of ovarian cancer indicates a lack of adequate primary and secondary prevention. It is necessary to effectively implement preventive measures and education of women in order to reduce risk factors and early detection of the disease.

scholarly journals Interference and Impact of Dysmenorrhea on the Life of Spanish Nursing Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Abreu-Sánchez ◽  
Javier Ruiz-Castillo ◽  
María Dolores Onieva-Zafra ◽  
María Laura Parra-Fernández ◽  
Elia Fernández-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Falls ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Academic Consequences

Dysmenorrhea is a cause of absenteeism in universities which, in the context of nursing studies, may affect mandatory attendance. Moreover, presenteeism is associated with medication errors, patient falls, and a reduced quality of patient care. This study sought to identify the degree of interference of dysmenorrhea on daily life and its impact on academic performance among Spanish nursing students, and to explore the reasons for presenteeism. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 261 nursing students. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The chi square tests, chi-square linear trend, Student’s t-test, one-way analysis of variance of polynomial contrasts, and post hoc tests for the bi-variate analysis were used to compare the participants’ responses regarding their type of dysmenorrhea and pain intensity. In addition, a multivariate regression was performed to predict absenteeism. The answers to the open questions were analyzed using thematic content analysis techniques. We observed 62.8% of absenteeism and 92.7% of presenteeism due to dysmenorrhea. Absenteeism was observed to be 3.079 (confidence interval (CI): 95%1.724–5.499; p < 0.001) times more likely among women with severe menstrual pain, 2.513 (CI 95%1.314–4.807; p = 0.005) times more in those suffering from menstrual nausea and 1.936 (CI 95%1.098–3.411; p = 0.022) times more frequent in those suffering from diarrhea. The reasons for presenteeism were grouped into five categories: the pain was bearable, it is not a reason to be absent, others don’t consider it a reason to be absent, responsibility and guilt, and academic consequences. Dysmenorrhea can have a significant impact on academic performance. The concern among students about the academic repercussions and even feelings of guilt and incomprehension from others leads to high rates of presenteeism with potentially negative consequences for patient care.

Enamel of Premolars whose Predecessors Presented Rupture of the Follicle Bone Crypt from Periapical Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-261
Author(s):  
Marcondes Cavalcante Santana Neto ◽  
Ana Victória Lopes Bandeira ◽  
Heloísa Clara Santos Sousa ◽  
Marcoeli Silva de Moura ◽  
Lúcia de Fátima Almeida de Deus Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Periapical Lesion ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Student’S T

Objective: To observe if dental alterations in premolars are associated with the rupture of the follicle bone crypt caused by a periapical lesion in the predecessor molars. Study design: This is a cross-sectional study. Data collection consisted of the analysis of medical records, a socioeconomic questionnaire, and dental clinical examination. Records from patients with a history of a radiographically visible periapical lesion in lower primary molars submitted to pulp therapy or extraction from a university dental clinic were selected. Successor premolars were clinically evaluated for the presence of enamel development defects, shape alterations, and eruption deviations. The descriptive analysis of data was performed, and Fisher’s exact tests, linear trend chi-square, and the Student’s t-test were applied. Results: Forty-eight permanent teeth were from 36 patients were evaluated in this study, and 20 (41.7%) of the 48 examined premolars showed a radiographic image suggestive of the rupture of the bone crypt. Rupture of the follicle bone crypt was not associated with the occurrence of enamel alterations in premolars (p = 0.418). An association between dental alterations and age over six years at the time of intervention was observed (p = 0.043). Conclusion: The presence of enamel alterations of premolars was not associated with the rupture of the follicle bone crypt caused by a periapical lesion in predecessor molars.

The Incidence Rate of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction in Patients with Earache

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsoulmolouk Najafi ◽  
Nafiseh Sheykhbahaei ◽  
Maryam-Sadat Sadrzadeh-Afshar ◽  
Shahin Asadi-Ghalhari ◽  
Narges Gholizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Axis I ◽  
And Gender

Background and Objectives: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) is known as a chronic pain in the earsmanifested in the form of tinnitus, earache, hearingloss, vertigo, and other impairments. Although patients affected with this disorderundergo long-term treatmentsusing various medicines without significant pain relief,medical care is still possible with a correct diagnosis. This study investigated the incidencerate of TMD in patients suffering from earache. Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study investigate theincidencerate of TMDin patients with earache referring todental clinics affiliated toTehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran, including patients with over six months of earache or those having pain despite using medicines. The Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) Axis I and II Protocol was used for examining TMD and stress, and also independent t-test and Chi-square test were employedto compare TMD patientsin terms of age and gender. Results:A total number of 100 individuals aged between 18 and 65 years, including 40 males and 60 females were examined in this study. The incidence rate of TMD in patients with earache was also reported by 76.5%. Conclusion:The results indicated a highincidence rate ofTMDin patients having earache. Accordingly, patients complaining about TMD required specialized earache evaluationsby dentists and medics.

scholarly journals Incidence of Melanoma in Catalonia, Spain, Is Rapidly Increasing in the Elderly Population. A Multicentric Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3396
Author(s):  
Sebastian Podlipnik ◽  
Cristina Carrera ◽  
Aram Boada ◽  
Nina Richarz ◽  
Joaquim Marcoval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Melanoma Subtypes

The incidence of melanoma has been increasing worldwide during recent decades. The objective of the study was to analyse the trends in incidence for in situ and invasive melanoma in the Spanish region of Catalonia during the period of 2008–2017. We designed a cross-sectional study with an age-period-cohort analysis of melanoma patient data from the Network of Melanoma Centres in Catalonia. Our database covered a population of over seven million and included a total of 8626 patients with incident melanoma. The main outcome measures were crude and age-standardised incidence rates to the European 2013 standard population. Joinpoint regression models were used to evaluate the population trends. We observed an increase in the age-standardised incidence rate (per 100,000 population) of all melanoma subtypes from 11.56 in 2008 to 13.78 in 2017 with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of 3.5%. This incidence increase was seen exclusively in the older population. Moreover, the stratified analysis showed a statistically significant increase in the age-standardised incidence rate for invasive (AAPC 2.1%) and in situ melanoma (AAPC 6.5%). In conclusion, the incidence of melanoma has continued to increase in the elderly population over recent decades, with a rapidly increasing trend of in situ melanomas and the lentigo maligna subtype.

Trends in the incidence of work-related traumatic limb amputations in South Korea from 2004 to 2013

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inpyo Jeon ◽  
Ja-Ho Leigh ◽  
Jun-Soo Ro ◽  
Young Sun Ro ◽  
Seung Hak Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Establishment Size ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Compensation Claims

Background:Epidemiological data for work-related traumatic limb amputations are limited worldwide, particularly incidence trends related to workplace characteristics.Objectives:To investigate nationwide incidence rates and trends for amputations according to industry and establishment size.Study design:Retrospective cohort study.Methods:Incidence rates were calculated using workers’ compensation claims in South Korea from 2004 to 2013. Age–sex standardization was conducted, and trends related to workplace characteristics were statistically analyzed using the chi-square test.Results:The overall incidence rate was 38.8 claims per 100,000 workers. Decreasing trends over time in age–sex standardized incidence were observed. Most claims occurred in manufacturing and construction industries. Incidence within the manufacturing decreased significantly ( p < 0.001), but not in the construction ( p = 0.130) industry. Small-sized establishments (<50 employees) accounted for 77.8% of claims. Incidence in small establishments significantly decreased between 2004 and 2013 ( p < 0.001).Conclusion:A decreasing incidence rate for traumatic amputations in manufacturing and small establishments may imply that preventive measures have been successful in South Korea. If so, these strategies may be useful for other fast-growing Asian economies. Further research is needed to identify the causes of traumatic amputations according to industry and establishment size.Clinical relevanceTrends in the incidence rate of work-related traumatic limb amputations related to workplace characteristics can provide useful information for policy makers to improve prevention strategies.

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