Surveillance of Foodborne Disease II. Summary and Presentation of Descriptive Data and Epidemiologic Patterns; Their Value and Limitations

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK L. BRYAN ◽  
JOHN J. GUZEWICH ◽  
EWEN C. D. TODD
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Foodborne Illnesses ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Contributory Factors ◽  
Common Diseases ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
The Common

This second part of a four-part series on foodborne disease surveillance concentrates on tabulation of data to show the common diseases and to detect those emerging in a community, region or nation. Over several years, these data give a continued description of foodborne illnesses. The presentation starts with a summarization of the incidents, outbreaks, and cases that occur over a defined interval and continues with a breakdown of specific etiologic agents or diseases that make up the summary figures. Suggested tables showing time and place of occurrences are given. These, along with data on persons who acquire these diseases, form the epidemiologic patterns of foodborne diseases. Definitions of the terms used in the table and criteria for confirming categories of etiologic agents are given. The value and limitations of each set of data in the tables are critically reviewed. The same sort of presentation is continued for data on vehicles, method of processing and preparation, and contributory factors in the next part of this series.

Surveillance of Foodborne Disease III. Summary and Presentation of Data on Vehicles and Contributory Factors; Their Value and Limitations

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK L. BRYAN ◽  
JOHN J. GUZEWICH ◽  
EWEN C. D. TODD
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Contributory Factors ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Safety Programs ◽  
Specific Food

Foodborne disease outbreak data are collected, collated, interpreted and disseminated to improve food safety programs at all organizational levels. Part II of this series described the disease aspects of foodborne surveillance. This part (III) focuses on the food components, with collation of data to list vehicles, significant ingredients, the places where foods were mishandled, the methods of processing or preparation, and operations that contributed to outbreaks. Specific food items should be cited as vehicles, but they will have to be put into subgroups and categories for some tabular presentations. Significant ingredients are the items in combined (mixed) foods that are the likely sources of the etiologic agents. Places of mishandling include farms, dairies, aquatic and land environments where foods are harvested, processing plants, food service establishments, homes, and transportation. Multiple places may contribute to the mishandling in any outbreak. The method of processing include all sorts of processing operations. The method of preparation is classified into the following food service systems: raw unaltered foods, assembled/prepare serve, cook-serve, cook hold-hot, cook chill serve, cook chill reheat, and acidify serve. The contributory factors are situations or operations that allow contamination of foods and survival and/or proliferation of the etiologic agents in the foods. This data will provide direction for setting food safety program priorities, suggest places and operations at which regulations need to be established and enforced, and indicate educational and training needs. Definitions of the terms used in the tables are given, and the value and limitations of each set of data in the tables and in tables of related information commonly presented in foodborne disease surveillance summaries are reviewed. The data from the tables should be used to improve food safety programs, which is the subject of the next part of this series.

scholarly journals Descriptive Study of Foodborne Disease Using Case Monitoring Data in Shandong Province, China, 2016-2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangjian WU ◽  
Liansen WANG ◽  
Qiang WANG ◽  
Ru HAN ◽  
Jinshan ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: In order to generate data on the burden of foodborne diseases in Shandong Province, we aimed to use the case monitoring data of foodborne diseases from 2016 to 2017 to estimate. Methods: Data were obtained from the foodborne disease surveillance reporting system with dates of onset from Jan 1, 2016, to Dec 31, 2017, in Shandong, China. Results: The places of food exposure were categorized by settings as follows: private home, catering facility, collective canteens, retail markets, rural banquets and other. Exposed food is divided into 23 categories. Overall incidence rate and proportions by exposure categories, age, and sex-specific incidence rates were calculated and sex proportions compared. Approximately 75.00% of cases who had at least one exposure settings were in private homes. The most frequently reported exposed food was a variety of food (meaning more than two kinds of food). The two-year average incidence rate was 75.78/100,000, sex-specific incidence rate was much higher for females compared to males (78.23 vs. 74.69 cases per 100,000 population). An age-specific trend was observed in the cases reported (Chi-Square for linear trend, χ2=4.39, P=0.036<0.05). Conclusion: A preliminary estimate of 14 million cases of foodborne diseases in Shandong province each year. Future studies should focus on cross-sectional and cohort studies to facilitate the assessment of the distribution and burden of foodborne disease of the population in Shandong. Considering strengthening the burden of foodborne diseases in foodborne disease surveillance is also a feasible way.

Foodborne Disease in Canada - a 5-year Summary

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 650-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. D. TODD
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disease Specific

Five years of foodborne disease surveillance in Canada were examined. Microorganisms, particularly Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens, were the main etiologic agents, but diseases also resulted from contaminanation of food with chemicals and parasites or food containing naturally-occurring plant and animal toxins. The foods involved were, in general, potentially hazardous items, such as meat and poultry. Where information is known, most of the problems associated with foodborne illness occurred at foodservice establishments, but the impact of mishandling in homes and food processing establishments was also great. The kinds of data accumulated were similar to those from the United States for the same time period, In order to reduce the prevalence of foodborne disease, specific educational and enforcement programs have to be initiated. Similar approaches could be taken for both countries.

scholarly journals Foodborne Infections and Intoxications in Hyderabad India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Sudershan ◽  
R. Naveen Kumar ◽  
L. Kashinath ◽  
V. Bhaskar ◽  
K. Polasa
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
The Common ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Foodborne Infections

Foodborne diseases are one of the health hazards and causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In India there are no systematic studies to understand the types of foods involved and the etiological agent causing the disease. Therefore, a pilot study was proposed to investigate the food poisoning cases, undertaken by the Ronald Ross Institute of Tropical Diseases, which is a referral hospital for foodborne diseases in Hyderabad. Food and stool/rectal swabs of the patients affected were collected for microbiological examination. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used to express the statistical significance of the differences. Epidemiological, environmental, and laboratory components indicated that Staphylococcus aureus was the etiological agent in most of the cases and in one case Salmonella spp. were the main cause of food poisoning. This study indicated the need to take up foodborne disease surveillance under the Indian context and to identify the common high-risk food commodities for microbial contamination and identification.

scholarly journals Strengthening foodborne diseases surveillance in the WHO African region: An essential need for disease control and food safety assurance

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (52) ◽  
pp. 6336-6353
Author(s):  
P Mensah ◽  
◽  
L Mwamakamba ◽  
S Kariuki ◽  
MC Fonkoua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
African Region ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Use Of Resources

Several devastating outbreaks of foodborne diseases have been reported in the African region including acute aflatoxicosis in Kenya in 2004 and bromide poisoning in Angola in 2007. There are concerns about transmission of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria and pesticide residues in foods. The globalization of the food trade which could increase the spread of food contaminants internationally is an emerging issue. The new International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005) cover events of international importance including contaminated food and outbreaks of foodborne disease. The IHR (2005) and other international as well as regional agreements require Member States to strengthen surveillance systems including surveillance for foodborne diseases. WHO has been supporting countries to strengthen foodborne disease surveillance since 2003. This paper reports on the work of WHO and partners in the area of foodborne disease surveillance, the challenges and opportunities and provides perspectives for the area of its work. The paper shows that laboratory-based surveillance is the preferred system for foodborne disease surveillance since it allows early detection of outbreak strains and identification of risk factors with laboratory services as the cornerstone. Foodborne disease surveillance has been included in the revised Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) Strategy and there are guidelines for use by countries. WHO in collaboration with partners, especially the Global Food Infections Network (GFN), has been supporting countries to strengthen national analytical capacity for foodborne disease surveillance and research. Training for countries to detect, control and prevent foodborne and other enteric infections from farm to table has been conducted. The training for microbiologists and epidemiologists from public health, veterinary and food sectors involved in isolation, identification and typing of Salmonella sp, Campylobacter sp., Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio sp. and Shigella from human and food samples have been carried out. Research into specific topics in microbiology and chemical contaminants has been conducted. Three institutions in Cameroun, Mali and Nigeria have been designated as centres of excellence for chemical contaminants. Despite these significant achievements, a number of challenges remain. Most food safety programmes and food safety systems remain fragmented resulting in duplication of efforts and inefficient use of resources; and most laboratories in the African Region are poorly resourced. In countries where facilities exist, there is underutilization and lack of synergy among laboratories. Countries should, therefore, conduct audits of existing laboratories to determine their strengths and weaknesses and strategize as appropriate. It is also imperative to continue to strengthen partnerships and forge new ones and increase resources for food safety, in general, and for foodborne disease surveillance, in particular, and continue capacity building, both human and institutional.

scholarly journals Time series analysis of foodborne diseases during 2012–2018 in Shenzhen, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siguo Li ◽  
Zhao Peng ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Jinzhou Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Incidence Data

AbstractThe present study aimed to use the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to forecast foodborne disease incidence in Shenzhen city and help guide efforts to prevent foodborne disease. The data of foodborne diseases in Shenzhen comes from the infectious diarrhea surveillance network, community foodborne disease surveillance network, and student foodborne disease surveillance network. The incidence data from January 2012 to December 2017 was used for the model-constructing, while the data from January 2018 to December 2018 was used for the model-validating. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was used to assess the performance of the model. The monthly foodborne disease incidence from January 2012 to December 2017 in Shenzhen was between 954 and 32,863 with an incidence rate between 4.77 and 164.32/100,000 inhabitants. The ARIMA (1,1,0) was an adequate model for the change in monthly foodborne disease incidence series, yielding a MAPE of 5.34%. The mathematical formula of the ARIMA (1,1,0) model was (1 − B) × log(incidencet) = 0.04338 + εt/(1 + 0.51106B). The predicted foodborne disease incidences in the next three years were 635,751, 1,069,993, 1,800,838, respectively. Monthly foodborne disease incidence in Shenzhen were shown to follow the ARIMA (1,1,0) model. This model can be considered adequate for predicting future foodborne disease incidence in Shenzhen and can aid in the decision-making processes.

scholarly journals Common Diseases and Some Demographic Characteristics among Saudi Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdulrahman Al-Haramlah ◽  
Fawziah Al-Bakr ◽  
Haniah Merza
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Saudi Women ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Common Diseases ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Common ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

<p class="apa">This study aimed to detect the common diseases among Saudi women and their relationship with the level of physical activity and some variables. This study was applied to 1233 Saudi woman in different regions of the Kingdom, and adopted to explore the common diseases: obesity, hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol and asthma.</p><p class="apa">The study results showed the existence of a statistically significant relationship between the common diseases among Saudi women and the variables of educational level, the nature of the profession, the social status, the justification of the practice of physical activity, the rate of participation in physical activity per week, the practice of physical activity in relation to asthma and the number of children with regard to obesity.</p><p class="apa">The study provided a number of recommendations including: the need to strengthen the role of culture in promoting physical activity by women, through health education via the health centers in the Kingdom.</p>

scholarly journals National molecular tracing network for foodborne disease surveillance in China

Food Control ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Li ◽  
Shuyu Wu ◽  
Ping Fu ◽  
Jikai Liu ◽  
Haihong Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Foodborne Disease
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document