scholarly journals Determining Risky Driving According to the Constructs of Mentalization and Personality Organization with the Modifying Role of Aggressive Driving

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Seydi ◽  
Isaac Rahimian Boogar ◽  
Siavash Talepasand
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Weighted Regression ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Aggressive Driving ◽  
Risky Driving ◽  
Personality Organization ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
Convenience Sampling

Objective: This study aimed to model risky driving and predict its occurrence according to the constructs of personality organization and mentalization considering the role of aggressive driving as a mediator construct. Method: A total of 428 individuals (219 men and 209 women) were selected using convenience sampling. The participants completed self-report questionnaires on aggressive driving, risky driving, mentalization and personality organization Also, data were analyzed using structural equating model and weighted regression. Results: The results of this study showed a goof fit of the proposed structural model for predicting risky driving after some modifications (CFI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.09). According to the results of regression weights, personality organization (regression weighted: 0.044) and aggressive driving (regression weighted: 0.98) were the strongest and mentalization (regression weighted: 0.004) was the weakest predictor of risky driving. Aggressive driving was the strongest direct predictor and personality organization the strongest indirect predictor of risky driving. Conclusion: Risky driving is a function of direct and indirect personal factors. Moreover, emotional factors have a direct effect on risky driving and more substantial constructs, such as personality, have an indirect effect on risky driving.

scholarly journals The Importance of Flexible Relational Boundaries: The Role of Connectedness in Self-Compassion and Compassion for Others

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-356
Author(s):  
Kaitlin S. Snyder ◽  
Andrew F. Luchner
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Models ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Personality Theory ◽  
Personality Organization ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
The Impact

Self-compassion and compassion for others have largely been studied independently. However, when studied as separate but related constructs, clear self-other differences emerge. Although intrapersonal and interpersonal differences are perhaps best explained through personality theory, specifically Blatt’s (2008) 2 polarities model, limited research has specifically examined the impact personality organization has on the capacity to extend compassion to oneself and others. The present study examined how personality organization according to 2-polarities model of personality is related to and impacts self-compassion and compassion for others. Participants (N = 226) completed a series of self-report questionnaires online to assess personality organization and compassion competencies. Results yielded 2 predictive models of compassion. Efficacy (+), self-criticism (−), and connectedness (−-) predicted self-compassion (R2 = .47, p < .001). Efficacy (+), self-criticism (−), and connectedness (+) predicted compassion for others (R2 = .36, p < .001). Model disparities elucidate key differences between the constructs, specifically that healthy and flexible relational boundaries are essential for self-compassion, while feelings of security and stability within personal relationships are more important for showing others compassion. Understanding how differences in personality proclivities relate to the nuances in self-compassion and compassion for others may aid therapeutic intervention targeting compassion capacities.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic or Emotional Predictors of Populist Attitudes across Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Abadi ◽  
Pere-Lluis Huguet Cabot ◽  
Jan Willem Duyvendak ◽  
Agneta Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
Inductive Machine Learning ◽  
The Government ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Previous research on predictors of populism has predominantly focused on socio-economic (e.g., education, employment, social status), and socio-cultural factors (e.g., social identity and social status). However, during the last years, the role of negative emotions has become increasingly prominent in the study of populism. We conducted a cross-national survey in 15 European countries (N=8059), measuring emotions towards the government and the elites, perceptions of threats about the future, and socio-economic factors as predictors of populist attitudes (the latter operationalized via three existing scales, anti-elitism, Manichaean outlook, people-centrism, and a newly developed scale on nativism). We tested the role of emotional factors in a deductive research design based on a structural model. Our results show that negative emotions (anger, contempt and anxiety) are better predictors of populist attitudes than mere socio-economic and socio-cultural factors. An inductive machine learning algorithm, Random Forest (RF), reaffirmed the importance of emotions across our survey dataset.

The Effect of Prestige Sensitivity on Price Acceptance in Vietnam’s Mobile Phone Market

2018 ◽  
pp. 97-112
Author(s):  
Huyen Thi Nguyen ◽  
Ngoc Minh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Product Knowledge ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Modelling Method ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Convenience Sampling

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of prestige sensitivity on mobile phone customer’s price acceptance in Vietnam and the mediating role of product knowledge and price mavenism on this relationship. We used the convenience sampling method for data collection via questionnaires with a sample of 605 consumers who purchased mobile phones. The collected data was analysed by applying a structural equation modelling method. The result indicates that prestige sensitivity has both direct and indirect effects on price acceptance via product knowledge and price mavenism. The findings suggest that prestige sensitivity can be used as a market segmentation criterion for mobile phones when making price decisions and providing customers with adequate information could improve price acceptance.

The role of demographic variables as the moderator between organizational variables and job stress among teachers in Sabah

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Najihah Hanisah Marmaya ◽  
Syed Azizi Wafa
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Organizational Variables ◽  
Population Norms ◽  
The United Kingdom

A nationwide investigation into stress among teachers in the United Kingdom, found teachers to be reporting stress-related problems which were far higher than those of the population norms and other comparable occupational groups. Job stress can be influenced by personal factors (Matteson & Ivancevich, 1999). The present study examined the role of demographic variables as the moderator between organizational variables and job stress. A sample size of 177 teachers participated in this study revealed that teachers in Tawau and Lahad Datu experienced low stress levels. This study found that demographic variables do not serve as the moderator between organizational variables and job stress.

Road accident proneness in Malaysia: A hypothesized model of driver’s demographic profiles, aggressive driving and risky driving

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asyraf Mohd Kassim ◽  
Suhaila Abdul Hanan ◽  
Muhammad Safizal Abdullah ◽  
Chan Pei Hong
Keyword(s):  
Road Accident ◽  
Aggressive Driving ◽  
Risky Driving ◽  
Demographic Profiles ◽  
Accident Proneness

An experimental approach to communal coping

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752199246
Author(s):  
Melissa Zajdel ◽  
Vicki S. Helgeson
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Communal Coping ◽  
Observational Measures ◽  
Relationship Outcomes ◽  
The Individual

Communal coping has been linked to better psychological and physical health across a variety of stressful contexts. However, there has been no experimental work causally linking communal coping to relationship and health outcomes. In addition, research has emphasized the collaboration over the shared appraisal component of communal coping. The present study sought to isolate the role of appraisal by manipulating whether dyads viewed a stressor as shared or individual. Friend dyads (n = 64 dyads; 128 participants) were randomly assigned to view a stressor as either a shared or an individual problem, but both groups were allowed to work together. Across self-report and observational measures dyads reported more collaboration and support, better relationship outcomes, and more positive mood after the stressor in the shared than the individual appraisal group. This is the first laboratory evidence to establish causal links of communal coping—specifically shared appraisal—to positive relationship and health outcomes.

scholarly journals COVID-19 uncertainty and sleep: the roles of perceived stress and intolerance of uncertainty during the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wu ◽  
Tingzhong Yang ◽  
Daniel L. Hall ◽  
Guihua Jiao ◽  
Lixin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic brings unprecedented uncertainty and stress. This study aimed to characterize general sleep status among Chinese residents during the early stage of the outbreak and to explore the network relationship among COVID-19 uncertainty, intolerance of uncertainty, perceived stress, and sleep status. Methods A cross-sectional correlational survey was conducted online. A total of 2534 Chinese residents were surveyed from 30 provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions of China and regions abroad during the period from February 7 to 14, 2020, the third week of lockdown. Final valid data from 2215 participants were analyzed. Self-report measures assessed uncertainty about COVID-19, intolerance of uncertainty, perceived stress, and general sleep status. Serial mediation analysis using the bootstrapping method and path analysis were applied to test the mediation role of intolerance of uncertainty and perceived stress in the relationship between uncertainty about COVID-19 and sleep status. Results The total score of sleep status was 4.82 (SD = 2.72). Age, place of residence, ethnicity, marital status, infection, and quarantine status were all significantly associated with general sleep status. Approximately half of participants (47.1%) reported going to bed after 12:00 am, 23.0% took 30 min or longer to fall asleep, and 30.3% slept a total of 7 h or less. Higher uncertainty about COVID-19 was significantly positively correlated with higher intolerance of uncertainty (r = 0.506, p < 0.001). The mediation analysis found a mediating role of perceived stress in the relationship between COVID-19 uncertainty and general sleep status (β = 0.015, 95%C.I. = 0.009–0.021). However, IU was not a significant mediator of the relationship between COVID-19 uncertainty and sleep (β = 0.009, 95%C.I. = − 0.002–0.020). Moreover, results from the path analysis further showed uncertainty about COVID-19 had a weak direct effect on poor sleep (β = 0.043, p < 0.05); however, there was a robust indirect effect on poor sleep through intolerance of uncertainty and perceived stress. Conclusions These findings suggest that intolerance of uncertainty and perceived stress are critical factors in the relationship between COVID-19 uncertainty and sleep outcomes. Results are discussed in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and practical policy implications are also provided.

The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction in the Work Stress-Marital Interaction Relationship

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Widrich ◽  
Karen Ortlepp
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Marital Interaction ◽  
Marital Functioning ◽  
The Relationship

The present study examined the relationship between work stress and a specific aspect of marital functioning, namely, marital interaction. An interactionist model of stress was adopted, with three role stresses, namely, role ambiguity, role conflict and role overload, being used as indicators of work stress. Despite the abundance of studies investigating the link between employment and family functioning over the past decade, the causal link between the two domains remains unclear. As previous research has indicated that the relationship between work and family is neither simple nor linear, the present study aimed to investigate the role of job satisfaction in the relationship. The final sample of the study consisted of 80 married men employed in a large financial organization. Data were gathered in the form of self-report questionnaires. Statistical analysis, using a longitudinal path analytic research design, did not support the proposed mediational model, that is, job satisfaction was not found to mediate the relationship between work stress and marital functioning.

Examining the Role of Power-Control Theory and Self-Control to Account for Computer Hacking

2020 ◽  
pp. 001112872098189
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Holt ◽  
Kevin F. Steinmetz
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Control Theory ◽  
Power Control ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Computer Hacking ◽  
Using Data

Criminological inquiry consistently identifies a gender difference in offending rates, which are also evident among certain forms of cybercrime. The gender difference in cybercrime offending is particularly large within computer hacking, though few have specifically addressed this issue through applications of criminological theory. The current study attempted to account for the gender disparity in hacking through a test of power-control theory, which considers the role of class and family structure. This analysis also incorporated an extension of power-control theory through the influence of low self-control. Using data from the Second International Self-Report of Delinquency study (ISRD-2), logistic regression analyses were estimated, producing partial support for both theories to account for hacking. Implications for theory and research were explored in detail.

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