scholarly journals Mortality and morbidity economic burden due to PM2.5 and ozone; an AirQ+ modelling in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Hadei ◽  
Philip K. Hopke ◽  
Abbas Shahsavani ◽  
Nader Jahanmehr ◽  
Masoumeh Rahmatinia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Introduction: Attributable health impacts of air pollution result in economic costs to societies. In this study, the WHO AirQ+ model was used to estimate the health impacts and health-related economic costs of PM2.5 and O3 in Karaj, the fourth largest city in Iran, from March 2015 to March 2016. Materials and methods: For PM2.5, long-term mortality due to ischemic heart disease (IHD), lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and morbidity such as acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), and short-term cardiovascular and respiratory hospitalizations were calculated. For ozone, short-term mortality and hospitalizations due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were estimated. The human capital method (HCM) was used to monetize the mortality impact attributed to selected air pollutants. Direct and indirect costs of morbidity were estimated using available local data on the costs related to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Results: The total number of IHD, COPD, LC and ALRI deaths attributed to PM2.5 in selected age groups was 576. The total number of cardiovascular and respiratory deaths attributed to O3 was 46 cases. For hospitalization, the aggregate cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions for both pollut- ants were 552. The total economic loss due to mortality and morbidity from selected health endpoints was approximately 44 million USD. Conclusion: Despite the limitations, such methodologies can be useful for policy-makers. Therefore, there is a compelling need to conduct cost of ill- ness’s studies in other areas.

scholarly journals Influence of air pollution on hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Nis, Serbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Milosevic ◽  
Dragan Bogdanovic ◽  
Sladjana Jovic ◽  
Aleksandra Stankovic ◽  
Suzana Milutinovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Black Smoke

Background/Aim. In studies that investigate the health effects of short-term air pollution exposure, population-wide changes in acute outcomes such as mortality, hospital admissions and healthcare visits are linked to short-term variations in ambient pollutant concentrations. The aim of this study was to estimate the association between daily outdoor black smoke and sulphur dioxide levels and hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Nis, within a period 2001-2005. Methods. A time series analysis was performed using separated regression models for each pollutant and disease group, by age groups and population as a whole. The effects of copollutant, meteorological factors and cyclic oscillations in hospitalization numbers were controlled. Results. A significant increase in hospital admissions was associated with a 10 ?g/m3 increase in the concentration of black smoke, for cardiovascular diseases: 3.14% (< 0.01) in children and youth under 19 years of age, 1.85% (< 0.001) in 19-64 age group, and 0.84% (< 0.05) in all ages, and for respiratory diseases: 1.77% (< 0.05) in 19-64 age group, and 0.91% (< 0.05) in all ages. The effects on hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in children and youth under 19 years of age, and for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in the elderly were not statistically significant. The increase of sulphur dioxide level was associated with the increased number of hospitalizations, for both cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in all age groups, but the influence was not statistically significant. Conclusion. Outdoor pollutants concentrations in urban area of Nis were below regulated limit values during most of the investigated period days but it is shown that even such a level of pollution has a significant effect on hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals The Effects of Air Quality on Hospital Admissions for Chronic Respiratory Diseases in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia, 2013–2015

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1060
Author(s):  
Karyn Morrissey ◽  
Ivy Chung ◽  
Andrew Morse ◽  
Suhanya Parthasarath ◽  
Margaret M. Roebuck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
The Impact

This study assesses the impact of a decrease in air quality and the risk of hospital admissions to a public hospital for chronic respiratory diseases for residents of Petaling Jaya, a city in the Greater Kuala Lumpur area in Malaysia. Data on hospital admissions for asthma, bronchitis, emphysema and other chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, weather conditions and the Malaysian Air Pollution Index, a composite indicator of air quality, were collated. An unconstrained distributed lag model to obtain risk of hospitalization for a 10 μg/m3 increase in the API. The lag cumulative effect for a 10 μg/m3 increase in the API was calculated to test for harvesting in the short term. Findings indicate that after an initial decrease in admissions (days 3 and 4), admissions increased again at day 7 and 8 and this relationship was significant. We therefore conclude that a 10 μg/m3 increase has a greater effect on admissions for respiratory health in the short term than a harvesting effect alone would suggest. These results suggest that while air quality is improving in the Greater Kuala Lumpur area, no level of air pollution can be deemed safe.

Investigation of Children with Acute Gastroenteritis by Multiplex PCR Method in Central Part of Turkey

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Yılmaz ◽  
Havva Kaya ◽  
Mehmet Özdemir
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Norovirus Gii

Abstract Objective Gastroenteritis is a disease that affects all age groups, especially children, and causes high mortality and morbidity in all countries. The most common agents of acute gastroenteritis are viral agents. As a result, millions of diarrhea attacks and hospital admissions occur worldwide every year due to viral gastroenteritis. This study uses the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to investigate the viruses that are the causative agents of viral gastroenteritis in the pediatric patient group in Konya, Turkey. Methods Stool samples of 94 patients aged 0 to 18 years sent from Emergency clinics and Pediatric outpatient clinics, Meram Medical Faculty Hospital Pediatric clinics, Konya Necmettin Erbakan University to Medical Microbiology Laboratory with a diagnosis of gastroenteritis between February and December 2018 were included in the study. Stool samples were stored at –80°C until the time of the analysis. Deoxyribonucleic acid/ribonucleic acid isolation from stool samples was performed with EZ1 Virus Mini Kit v2.0 (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) using an automatic extraction system (BioRobot EZ1 system, Qiagen). The presence of astrovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus (GI, GII), and sapovirus agents was investigated by the multiplex PCR method (Fast Track Diagnostics, Luxembourg) viral gastroenteritis kit. Results Viral gastroenteritis agents were detected in 56.3% of the patients. One viral agent was detected in 47 (50%) of these patients and at least two viral agents in 6 (6.3%) of them. Norovirus GII was detected in 20 (21.2%) of the children included in the study, adenovirus in 13 (13.8%), rotavirus in 11 (12.8%), astrovirus in 11 (11.7%), sapovirus in 4 (4.2%), and norovirus GI in 1 (1.06%). When the distribution of viral agents was examined by months, the most number of agents were observed (21; 35%) in May, followed by April and June (12; 20%). Considering the distribution of the prevalence of the agents by age, it was seen to be mainly between 0 and 12 months (42%). Conclusion Considering that the most common viral agent in our region is norovirus GII, it will be useful to investigate the norovirus that is not routinely examined in children who are admitted to clinics with the complaint of gastroenteritis. It will be appropriate to examine routinely adenovirus, rotavirus, and norovirus in the laboratory, especially in children with diarrhea and vomiting in the winter and spring months.

scholarly journals Hospitalisation for COPD in Puglia: the role of hospital discharge database to estimate prevalence and incidence

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Trerotoli ◽  
N. Bartolomeo ◽  
A.M. Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Hospital Discharge Database ◽  
Discharge Database

Background and aim. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), although largely preventable, is a great health burden in all the countries worldwide. Statistics of morbidity and mortality of COPD show the need for correct management of the disease. Chronic Obstructive Respiratory Diseases (DRG 88) are in 9th place for discharge in in-patient hospital admission. It is necessary to establish specific indicators which are efficacious and relevant for the patient, the doctor and the health manager. This study will analyse the information in respect of hospital admissions (Hospital discharge database) in Puglia for the period 2000-2005. Methods. The analysis was carried out utilising the Puglia Region hospital patient discharge database, selecting those patients with admission for chronic respiratory disease as principal or secondary diagnosis. Results. Chronic respiratory diseases are more frequent in males and in people over 45 years old with frequency increasing with age. Geographical distribution shows that there are greater rates of hospitalisation in big cities and in the neighbourhood of industrial areas. Although the trend over time is slight. A higher percentage of re-admission has been found for patients with COPD, and the interval between the two admissions occurs within one or two months; the diagnosis at the second admission is the same as for the first. 10.6% of discharge forms report one diagnosis, especially in patients older than 65 years of age. Little could be said about diagnostic procedures because these are not reported on the discharge form. Conclusion. Hospitalisation data confirms expectations regarding age and sex of patients. The high hospitalisation rates indicate that in-patients care still remains the only viable treatment for COPD and other chronic respiratory diseases. The high number of exacerbations reflect the absence of out-patients service or community care, and the same diagnosis in more than one episode shows the lack of efficiency of health services and disease management. This data is necessary to understand disease distribution and the modification of disease management in order to reduce health care costs, to increase efficacy in disease control and to limit repeated exacerbation and so to obtain the maximum benefit for the patients.

scholarly journals Seasonal temperature variability and emergency hospital admissions for respiratory diseases: a population-based cohort study

Thorax ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 951-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengzhi Sun ◽  
Francine Laden ◽  
Jaime E Hart ◽  
Hong Qiu ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Emergency Hospital ◽  
Emergency Hospital Admissions ◽  
Mean Temperature

BackgroundClimate change increases global mean temperature and changes short-term (eg, diurnal) and long-term (eg, intraseasonal) temperature variability. Numerous studies have shown that mean temperature and short-term temperature variability are both associated with increased respiratory morbidity or mortality. However, data on the impact of long-term temperature variability are sparse.ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the association of intraseasonal temperature variability with respiratory disease hospitalisations among elders.MethodsWe ascertained the first occurrence of emergency hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in a prospective Chinese elderly cohort of 66 820 older people (≥65 years) with 10–13 years of follow-up. We used an ordinary kriging method based on 22 weather monitoring stations in Hong Kong to spatially interpolate daily ambient temperature for each participant’s residential address. Seasonal temperature variability was defined as the SD of daily mean summer (June–August) or winter (December–February) temperatures. We applied Cox proportional hazards regression with time-varying exposure of seasonal temperature variability to respiratory admissions.ResultsDuring the follow-up time, we ascertained 12 689 cases of incident respiratory diseases, of which 6672 were pneumonia and 3075 were COPD. The HRs per 1°C increase in wintertime temperature variability were 1.20 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.32), 1.15 (1.01 to 1.31) and 1.41 (1.15 to 1.71) for total respiratory diseases, pneumonia and COPD, respectively. The associations were not statistically significant for summertime temperature variability.ConclusionWintertime temperature variability was associated with higher risk of incident respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals The accuracy of the heat index to explain the excess of mortality and morbidity during heat waves – a case study in a mediterranean climate

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Monteiro ◽  
Vânia Carvalho ◽  
Sara Velho ◽  
Carlos Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Heat Index ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Comfort Index ◽  
T Distribution

Abstract The aim of this contribution was to evaluate the accuracy of a well known human comfort index, the heat index, to anticipate the effects of the July 2006 heat wave in mortality (all causes) and morbidity (all causes, respiratory and circulatory disease). Our assessment was done to all citizens, to people of the 75+ cohort and to each gender, in Porto. For further statistical analysis, we calculated an expected number of admissions by averaging the admissions recorded during the comparison period. The 95% confidence interval was calculated, using a standard method based on the t-distribution, for differences between independent means with different population variances, using the Leveane test to evaluate the variance’s homogeneity. During the 2006 heat wave, a 52% mortality excess was registered relatively to the expected mortality (p < 0.001), for all cohorts of the population. The admissions excess for all ages included the admissions due to respiratory diseases (p < 0.029), pneumonia (p < 0.001) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p < 0.001). For the 75+ cohort, the admissions due to respiratory diseases (p < 0.017), pneumonia (p < 0.001) and heart failure (p < 0.610) were also statistically high. The obtained results confirm that the heat index is a truthful method to anticipate the negative impacts of heat waves in human health even in climate contexts adapted to hot summers like at Porto - a Mediterranean tempered climate. The impacts of July 2006’s heat wave in the increase of mortality (all causes) and in respiratory morbidity (all population and 75+cohort) was evident.

scholarly journals Causes of hospital admissions and deaths among Brazilian elders between 2005 and 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Rossetto ◽  
Juana Vieira Soares ◽  
Mayara Lindner Brandão ◽  
Ninon Girardon da Rosa ◽  
Idiane Rosset
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
Gender And Age

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze the ranking and percentage variation of the main causes of hospital admissions and death of Brazilian elders between 2005 and 2015, according to gender and age groups. METHOD Retrospective and temporal analysis study. The six main causes of hospitalization and death of elders were collected in DATASUS according to sex and age groups (60 ~ 79, ≥80) in 2017. RESULTS Heart Failure (2005) and pneumonia (2015) were the two main causes of hospital admissions in both sexes and age groups, except for the younger group. Acute Myocardial Infarction was the main cause of death in 2005 and 2015. The second cause in the overall ranking was the Stroke in 2005 and Pneumonia in 2015. CONCLUSION Circulatory and respiratory diseases were the main causes of hospital admissions and death among the elderly, highlighting the impotant increase in pneumonia as a cause of morbimortality.

scholarly journals A pharmacovigilance study in patients of chronic non-infective respiratory diseases attending outpatient department of pulmonary medicine in a tertiary care teaching hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 675
Author(s):  
Saket S. Gaidhane ◽  
Akash A. Khobragade ◽  
Abhijeet Joshi ◽  
Monisha S. Chavan ◽  
Likith H. V. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Pulmonary Medicine ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Care Teaching

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are the known dangers of any medicinal therapy. They are not only responsible for increasing the mortality and morbidity but also for multiplying the health care expenditure. It is important to monitor the adverse effects of the drugs in the patients on treatment for chronic non-infective respiratory diseases attending OPD of pulmonary medicine in a tertiary care teaching hospitalMethods: The study was single-centric, non-randomized and observational hospital-based study which was carried out for a period of 1 and a half years in JJ Hospital. The patients who were included in the study suffered from either of the 4 diseases-Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, bronchiectasis or interstitial lung diseases (ILD). Data were analyzed by using Microsoft excel sheet. Based on the outcome of modified Hartwig and Siegel severity assessment scale, ADRs were grouped into various severity categories.Results: One hundred and thirty-two number of ADRs were seen in 69 out of 352 patients (19.6 %) of the study population. The occurrence of ADR was found slightly higher in males i.e., 53.62% as compared to females i.e., 46.38%. The patients who were on treatment for ILD showed highest percentage of ADRs i.e., 57.89% which is followed by bronchiectasis (17.39%), COPD (16.17%) and lastly asthma (10.26%). The ADRs belonging to GIT system were highest in number i.e., 80. The most frequently occurring ADR in the study was palpitation which occurred in 14 cases i.e., 20.29%. Out of 132 ADRs observed, 96 i.e., 72.73% belonged to the mild category and 36 ADRs i.e., 27.27% belonged to the moderate category. Not a single severe ADR was found in the study.Conclusions: It was found that 19.6% of the patient population suffered from ADRs, which is a considerable number. It is essential that health care professionals should support ADR monitoring process for the safety of the medicinal product. Proper implementation of ADR monitoring will help to reduce the harmful effects by early detection of drug safety problems in patients, assessing the risk-benefit in an individual and the population, improving the selection, rational use of drugs through the provision of timely warning to healthcare professionals.

scholarly journals Effect of Ambient Fine Particulate (PM2.5) on Hospital Admissions for Respiratory and Cardiovascular Diseases in Wuhan, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan Ren ◽  
Xingyuan Liu ◽  
Tianyu Liu ◽  
Dieyi Chen ◽  
Kuizhuang Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Central China ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: The positive associations between ambient PM2.5 and cardiorespiratory disease have been well demonstrated during the past decade. However, few studies have examined the adverse effects of PM2.5 based on an entire population of megalopolis. In addition, due to the lack of accurate methods of assessing individual PM2.5 exposure, further studies are still necessary to be launched in China.Methods: The study was conducted in Wuhan, a megacity in central China with about 10.8929 million population. Daily hospital admission records, from October 2016 to December 2018, were obtained from Wuhan Information center of Health and Family Planning, which administrates all the hospitals in Wuhan. The daily air pollution concentration and weather variable in Wuhan during the study period were collected. We developed Land use regression model (LUR) to assess individual PM2.5 exposure. Time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression models were adopted to estimate cardiorespiratory hospitalization risks associated with short-term exposures to PM2.5. We also conducted stratification analyses by age, sex and season.Results: A total of 2,806,115 hospital admissions records were collected during the study period, from which we identified 332,090 for total cardiovascular diseases and 159,365 for total respiratory diseases. We found short-term PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased risk of cardiorespiratory hospital admission in Wuhan. Per 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 at lag0~2 days was associated with 1.23% (95%CI: 1.01–1.45%) and 1.95% (95%CI: 1.63–2.27%) elevated risk of admission from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases respectively. The elderly were at higher PM-induced risks. The associations appeared to be more evident in the cold season than in the warm season.Conclusions: This study contributed evidence to support the short-term effects of PM2.5 on cardiorespiratory hospital admission, which may be helpful for air pollution control and disease prevention in Wuhan.

scholarly journals Clinicodemographic Profile of Children with Seizures in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagendra Chaudhary ◽  
Murli Manohar Gupta ◽  
Sandeep Shrestha ◽  
Santosh Pathak ◽  
Om Prakash Kurmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Idiopathic Epilepsy ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Partial Seizures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Seizures are one of the common causes for hospital admissions in children with significant mortality and morbidity. This study was conducted to study the prevalence and clinicodemographic profile of children with seizures in a tertiary care hospital of western Nepal. This prospective cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 2 years included all admitted children (2 months–16 years) with seizures. Among 4962 admitted children, seizures were present in 3.4% (n=168) of children, with male preponderance. 138 (82.1%) children had generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) and 30 (17.9%) children had partial seizures. GTCS were more common than partial seizures in both sexes (male = 82.7%; female = 81.2%) and age groups. There was no statistical significance in the distribution of seizures (GTCS and partial seizures) with sexes (P=0.813) and age groups (P=0.955). Mean ages of children having GTCS and partial seizures were 8.2±4.6 years and 8.2±4.2 years, respectively. Loss of consciousness (55.4%), fever (39.9%), vomiting (35.1%), and headache (16.1%) were common complaints in seizure patients. Significant number of GTCS cases had fever (P=0.041) and neurocysticercosis (n=72; 43%) was the most common etiology in seizure patients. Idiopathic epilepsy (38 (22.6%)), meningoencephalitis (26 (15.5%)), and febrile convulsions (14 (8.33%)) were other leading disorders in children with seizures.

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