scholarly journals Retinal Microvascular Response to Short-Term Exposure to Particulate Matters As an Indicator of Cardiovascular Effects in Work Environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Aminaei ◽  
Mohammad Javad Zare Sakhvidi ◽  
Hamideh Mihanpour ◽  
Mojtaba Moghaddasi ◽  
Mahdiyeh Shafieizadeh Bafghi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Particulate Matters ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inhalable Dust ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Retinal Artery

Introduction: According to the literature, Central Retinal Arteriolar Equivalent (CRAE), Central Retinal Venular Equivalent (CRVE), and Artemio Venule Ratio (AVR) are three important markers in determining the changes of retinal artery. These markers are employed as an indicator of cardiovascular effects in workers. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in retinal micro vascular responses in workers exposed to short-term exposure to particulate matters caused by occupational processes using CRAE, CRVE, and AVR markers. Materials and Methods: In this study, 96 workers exposed to job-related pollution in a tile and ceramic company were investigated. Fundus photos of these people were analyzed via ARIA software using the related protocols. The data were investigated employing Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Mann-Whitney tests as well as the correlation and regression tests. Results: No significant difference was observed in the ocular parameters of smokers and non-smokers. Cardiovascular parameters had no significant correlation with CRAE and CRVE as well as breathable and inhalable dust; however, these parameters had a direct and significant correlation with AVR, PM10, and PM2.5 particles. Conclusion: The results did not show any changes in the retinal artery in workers who were exposed to job-related pollution. Moreover, no significant relationship was found between retinal artery changes and cardiovascular parameters. However, more large-scale studies are needed to clarify the relationship of particulate air pollutants with CRAE, CRVE, and AVR changes.

scholarly journals Short-term exposure to particulate matters is associated with septic emboli in infective endocarditis

Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (45) ◽  
pp. e17899
Author(s):  
Fu-Chien Hsieh ◽  
Chun-Yen Huang ◽  
Sheng-Feng Lin ◽  
Jen-Tang Sun ◽  
Tzung-Hai Yen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Particulate Matters ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Septic Emboli ◽  
Short Term Exposure

scholarly journals Identification of Time-Invariant Biomarkers for Non-Genotoxic Hepatocarcinogen Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan-Han Huang ◽  
Ying-Chi Lin ◽  
Chun-Wei Tung
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Time Invariant

Non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens (NGHCs) can only be confirmed by 2-year rodent studies. Toxicogenomics (TGx) approaches using gene expression profiles from short-term animal studies could enable early assessment of NGHCs. However, high variance in the modulation of the genes had been noted among exposure styles and datasets. Expanding from our previous strategy in identifying consensus biomarkers in multiple experiments, we aimed to identify time-invariant biomarkers for NGHCs in short-term exposure styles and validate their applicability to long-term exposure styles. In this study, nine time-invariant biomarkers, namely A2m, Akr7a3, Aqp7, Ca3, Cdc2a, Cdkn3, Cyp2c11, Ntf3, and Sds, were identified from four large-scale microarray datasets. Machine learning techniques were subsequently employed to assess the prediction performance of the biomarkers. The biomarker set along with the Random Forest models gave the highest median area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.824 and a low interquartile range (IQR) variance of 0.036 based on a leave-one-out cross-validation. The application of the models to the external validation datasets achieved high AUC values of greater than or equal to 0.857. Enrichment analysis of the biomarkers inferred the involvement of chronic inflammatory diseases such as liver cirrhosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in NGHCs. The time-invariant biomarkers provided a robust alternative for NGHC prediction.

scholarly journals Reproducibility and Variability of Protein Analytes Measured Using a Multiplexed Modified Aptamer Assay

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne Tin ◽  
Bing Yu ◽  
Jianzhong Ma ◽  
Kunihiro Masushita ◽  
Natalie Daya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aptamer Assay ◽  
Aric Study ◽  
Protein Analytes

Abstract Background There is growing interest in the use of multiplexed aptamer-based assays for large-scale proteomic studies. However, the analytic, short- and long-term variation of the measured proteins is largely uncharacterized. Methods We quantified 4001 plasma protein analytes from 42 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study in split samples and at multiple visits using a multiplexed modified aptamer assay. We calculated the CV, Spearman correlation, and intraclass correlation (ICC) between split samples and evaluated the short-term (4–9 weeks) and long-term (approximately 20 years) variability using paired t-tests with log-transformed protein concentrations and Bonferroni-corrected significance thresholds. We performed principal component (PC) analysis of protein analyte concentrations and evaluated their associations with age, sex, race, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results The mean baseline age was 57 years at the first visit, 43% of participants were male and 57% were white. Among 3693 protein analytes that passed quality control, half (n = 1846) had CVs < 5.0%, Spearman correlations > 0.89, and ICCs > 0.96 among the split samples. Over the short term, only 1 analyte had a statistically significant difference between the 2 time points, whereas, over approximately 20 years, 866 analytes (23.4%) had statistically significant differences (P < 1.4 × 10−5, 681 increased, 185 decreased). PC1 had high correlations with age (−0.73) and eGFR (0.60). PC2 had moderate correlation with male sex (0.18) and white race (0.31). Conclusions Multiplexed modified aptamer technology can assay thousands of proteins with excellent precision. Our results support the potential for large-scale studies of the plasma proteome over the lifespan.

scholarly journals Short-Term Nose-Only Water-Pipe (Shisha) Smoking Exposure Accelerates Coagulation and Causes Cardiac Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 829-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abderrahim Nemmar ◽  
Priya Yuvaraju ◽  
Sumaya Beegam ◽  
Badreldin H Ali
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Water Pipe ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cardiac Inflammation ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background/Aim: Water-pipe smoking (WPS) has acquired worldwide popularity, and is disseminating particularly rapidly in Europe and North America. However, little is known about the short-term cardiovascular effects of WPS. Methods: Presently, we assessed the short-term cardiovascular effects of nose-only exposure to mainstream WPS in BALB/c mice for 30 min/day for 5 consecutive days. Control mice were exposed to air. At the end of the exposure period, several cardiovascular endpoints were measured. Results: WPS did not affect the number of leukocytes and the plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Likewise, plasma levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase were not affected by WPS. By contrast, WPS aggravated in vivo thrombosis by shortening the thrombotic occlusion time in pial arterioles and venules. The number of circulating platelets was reduced by WPS suggesting the occurrence of platelet aggregation in vivo. Elevated concentrations of fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were seen after the exposure to WPS. Blood samples taken from mice exposed to WPS and exposed to adenosine diphosphate showed more platelet aggregation. The heart concentrations of IL-6 and TNFα were augmented by WPS. Likewise, heart levels of LPO, reactive oxygen species and the antioxidants catalase and GSH were increased by WPS. However, the systolic blood pressure and heart rate were not affected by WPS. Conclusion: It can be concluded that short-term exposure to WPS exerts procoagulatory effects and induce cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress. At the time point investigated, there was no evidence for blood inflammation or oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Application of time to emesis data for primary triage of radiation accident victims

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Soloviev ◽  
A. S. Samoilov ◽  
A. O. Lebedev ◽  
M. K. Sedankin ◽  
E. A. Gudkov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Radiation Injury ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Radiation Accidents ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Primary Triage

Relevance. The relevance of the study is due to the risk of developing large-scale radiation accidents with a large number of victims, who will need primary medical triage and early prediction of the severity of injury for correct routing from the source of sanitary losses.Intention. Validation of the method of estimating dose by time-to-emesis under various exposure conditions for pre-hospital triage of victims.Methodology. The object of the study is the data from State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (Moscow) database of acute radiation injuries.Results and Discussion: We have analyzed individual data for the victims of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster (114 persons) with a separate analysis of the irradiation conditions (short-term exposure for less than 20 minutes and prolonged exposure in selected groups), as well as the data from victims of other radiation accidents in the former USSR (26 persons) and 8 patients with total body radiotherapy without the use of antiemetics. It was shown that for the equal time-to-emesis intervals, predicted radiation injury is more severe in case of prolonged exposure vs short-term exposure. This may be due to varying rate of dose accumulation and so-called “unnecessary dose” effect – when the biological mechanism of vomiting has already been triggered against ongoing exposure. Results are presented as interval estimates of radiation injury severity by time-to-emesis for both short-term and prolonged exposures. We also have formulated two criteria for primary triage purposes in case of moderate or large numbers of victims due to large-scale radiation accidents.Conclusion. Recommendations for pre-hospital triage of victims are proposed.

Influence of Hospital Outdoor Space on Physiological Electroencephalography (EEG) Feedback of Staff

2021 ◽  
pp. 193758672110307
Author(s):  
Weiyi Cui ◽  
Zao Li ◽  
Xiaodong Xuan ◽  
Chao Lu ◽  
Qiqiang Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Physiological Feedback ◽  
Outdoor Space

Objectives: To investigate the differences and relationships between different outdoor spaces of hospitals on the physiological electroencephalography (EEG) feedback (PEEGF) of staff. Background: Relieving the pressure of hospital staff is essential, and several studies have revealed that even short-term exposure to outdoor space has a decompression effect. Yet, the focus is scarcely centered on the differences and influential relationships between the PEEGF from different outdoor spaces where the staff spend time, particularly in large-scale hospitals in China. Methods: EEG measurement equipment was utilized to obtain the value of β wave (vβw) that represents the stress and anxiety of staff in three different outdoor spaces: open, traffic, and rest. On the basis of EEG data, correlation analysis was conducted in accordance with the proportion of space elements. Results: The proportion of natural elements, such as landscape ( r = −.800** p=.005) and waterscape ( r = −.782* p=.013), were negatively correlated with the vβw produced by staff, while the proportion of hard paving was positive ( r = .817** p=.004) with more vβw produced by staff. In other words, the percentage of landscape and waterscape can reduce stress, while hard paving has the opposite effect. Further, there was a difference in the amount of vβw generated between nurses and administrators in the open space at the entrance of the main building ( p = .043). Conclusions: The present study revealed the influence of different outdoor space elements of the hospital on the physiological feedback of staff, demonstrated the practical necessity of evidence-based design, and proposed relevant optimization suggestions.

Vertebral growth disturbance in rapidly growing rats during 14 days of spaceflight

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kitajima ◽  
I. Semba ◽  
T. Noikura ◽  
K. Kawano ◽  
Y. Iwashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Growth Disturbance ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Mechanical Hardness ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Knoop Microhardness

The effect of 14 days of spaceflight on the vertebrae of rapidly growing rats was studied. The hardness of the vertebrae was measured with a Knoop microhardness tester, and bone mineral density was measured from X-ray photographs. Histomorphometric examination was performed with a microcomputer-aided system. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed between flight rats and ground controls with regard to mechanical hardness or bone mineral density. However, histological examination revealed irregular thickening of the endosteal surface of cortical bone in the flight rats, whereas it was uniform in the ground controls. The relative area of lamellar bone showed a significant reduction (P < 0.001) in the flight rats. These findings suggest that the structural disturbances were due to retardation of endosteal modeling and remodeling. We conclude that delay of vertebral maturation can occur in rapidly growing rats after even short-term exposure to microgravity.

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