scholarly journals Effect of Eight Weeks of Resistance Training on Myostatin and Folistatin Proteins Content in Gastrocnemius Muscle Tissue of Elderly Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Moslem Asadpour ◽  
Farhad Daryanoosh ◽  
Mohsen Salesi ◽  
Javad Nemati
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Resistance Training Program

Introdution: Myostatin and follistatin proteins are key proteins in the regulation of muscle atrophy and hypertrophy. Aging and sarcopenia can lead to disruption of cellular mechanisms and the activity of these proteins. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on myostatin and folistatin proteins content in Gastrocnemius muscle tissue of elderly rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 12 female Sprague-Dawley rats (20-month-old) with an average weight of 250±30 g were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups: resistance training (n=6) and control (n=6). The resistance-training program was as followed: 3 days a week for 8 weeks, climbing a one-meter vertical ladder with 26 steps and two centimeters of space between each step with a slope of 85 degrees. SPSS software version 23 and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that eight weeks of resistance training led to a significant increase in myostatin protein content in the training group compared to the control group (P≤0.04). In contrast, eight weeks of resistance training led to a significant reduction in folistatin protein content in the training group compared to the control group (P≤0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study on the content of myostatin and folistatin proteins, it is possible that the reduction of muscle atrophy in the elderly can be through other pathways of protein synthesis and muscle hypertrophy.  

scholarly journals Effect of Resistance Training Along with Curcumin Supplementation on Expression of Some Regulator Genes Associated with Cardiac Muscle Structure in Obese Rats

Thrita ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Rauofi ◽  
Sirous Farsi ◽  
Seyed Ali Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity

Background: Reduced physical activity can cause obesity and metabolic syndrome, leading to fibrosis in cardiac muscles and premature cardiac aging. Physical activity, along with herbal supplements, can have a synergistic effect on preventing cardiac muscle proteolysis. Objectives: In this study, the effects of curcumin and resistance training were assessed on cardiac muscle atrophy in obese rats. Methods: Twenty-four male Sprague rats were categorized into four groups, including the placebo, resistance training, curcumin, and resistance training + curcumin. Resistance training was performed three times a week with three sets in each session, repeated five times for eight weeks. During this time, 150 mg/kg curcumin was administered through gavage. Twenty-four hours after finishing resistance training, surgery was performed on the cardiac muscle, and gene expressions of PGC1-α, FOXO1, Murf-1, Atrogin, Collagen1, and Collagen 3 were assessed with real-time PCR. Results: The expression of PGC1-α and FOXO1 genes in both resistance training and resistance training+curcumin groups significantly increased and decreased, respectively, compared to the control group (P = 0.001). The MuRF1 expression in the curcumin+resistance training group decreased significantly (P = 0.013) compared to the placebo and curcumin groups. The expression of collagen type 1 and type 2 in all the three treatment groups had significant decreases compared to the placebo group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Considering the results of this study, resistance training and curcumin supplement each alone can prevent cardiac muscle atrophy. However, the simultaneous use of curcumin supplement and resistance training can lead to synergistic effects.

scholarly journals PO-109 Resistance Training prevents Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Induced by hypoxia through regulating Akt-FoxO1 pathway

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiabei Yu ◽  
Hang Yu ◽  
Yanchun Li ◽  
Tianyu Han ◽  
Xuecheng Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunofluorescence Technique ◽  
Hypoxia Group ◽  
Wet Weight

Objective Skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia on the plateau will lead to the decrease of muscle strength and the degeneration of athletic ability. Resistance training is an efficient method to stimulate the growth of muscle and improve protein synthesis. Akt-FoxO1 (Fork head box protein 1) pathway plays a significant role in the regulation of skeletal muscle protein degradation. However, it is not clear whether resistance training could prevent skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia and what is the regulation role of Akt-FoxO1 pathway. This study built a rat model that resistance training inhibited the skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia and explore the variation of Akt, FoxO1, Murf and Atrogin-1. Methods 40 male 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 4 groups randomly: control group (C), resistance training group (R), hypoxia group (H) and hypoxia resistance training group (HR). H and HR group were placed into simulated 4000m altitude (12.4%, O2%) and R and HR group received ladder resistance training. Their incremental load is calculated by using average body weight. After 4 weeks intervention of hypoxia and resistance training, body composition, wet weight of skeletal muscle (soleus, musculus gastrocnemius,extensor digitorum longus and muscelus biceps brachii) and skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were measured. The expression of Akt, FoxO1, Murf and Atrogin-1 were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR.Moreover,immunofluorescence technique was used to locate the phosphorylation of FoxO1.  Results The lean body mass of HR group was significantly higher than H group (P<0.05). The wet weight and CSA of muscelus biceps brachii in HR group were also higher than H group obviously (P<0.05). The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blot showed that the expression of FoxO1 and MuRF of hypoxia group (H group) were significantly higher than control group. However after the intervention of resistance training, the expression of Akt was significantly up-regulate and FoxO1, MuRF were significantly down-regulate. Immunofluorescence technique was used to observe the location of FoxO1 phosphorylation and the expression out of nucleus. Conclusions Resistance training contribute to prevent the occurrence of skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia and the form of climbing ladder training can stimulate the hypertrophy of biceps in rats. The results revealed that FoxO1 phosphorylation out of nucleus became higher after resistance training. All above revealed that resistance training could inhibit skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia. Akt promoted FoxO1 phosphorylation may become the molecular mechanisms that resistance training can inhibit the atrophy of skeletal muscle induced by hypoxia.

scholarly journals PO-071 Effects of Resistance Training of Different Loads on Gastrocnemius Protein, IGF-I and TNF-α in Aging Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Jia ◽  
Xiquan Weng ◽  
Sanhua Zhai ◽  
Wentao Lin
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Igf I

Objective To observe the effects of different load resistance training on skeletal muscle dystrophy in aging rats by observing the expression of protein and protein of IGF-I and TNF-α in aging rats after 8 weeks of different load resistance training. The resistance training delays the theoretical basis for anti-skeletal muscle aging. Methods 40 aging SD rats (18 months old) were randomly divided into a quiet control group, a non-weight-bearing exercise group, 30% of the largest negative recombination, 50% of the largest negative recombination, and 70% of the largest negative recombination. The sports group carried the treadmill movement with the tail load, the slope was 35°, the running speed was 15m/min, the rest was 30s every 15s, the rest was 3min after four cycles, and the three groups were one cycle. The cycle was intermittent for 10 minutes, and the exercise frequency was the next day for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, the rat gastrocnemius muscle was taken. The protein content of the gastrocnemius muscle was determined by Coomassie brilliant blue method. The contents of IGF-I and TNF-α in the gastrocnemius muscle were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results After 1.8 weeks of different load resistance exercise, compared with the quiet control group, the skeletal muscle protein content of each exercise group increased, among which 50% of the largest negative recombination and 70% of the largest negative recombination was the most significant (P<0.01). Compared with 70% of the largest negative recombination, the 50% maximum negative recombination content was relatively high (P<0.05); After 8 weeks of different load resistance exercise, compared with the quiet control group, the content of IGF-I in the gastrocnemius of each exercise group was higher than that of the quiet control group, and there was a very significant difference (P<0.01), and 50%. The highest negative recombination and 70% of the largest negative recombination content is the highest; After 8 weeks of different load resistance exercise, compared with the quiet control group, the TNF-α content in the gastrocnemius muscle of the rats in each resistance exercise group increased slightly, and the increase of only 50% of the largest negative recombination was statistically significant (P<0.05), although there were differences between the exercise groups, there was no statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusions 50% of the maximum weight-bearing resistance training can effectively increase the skeletal muscle muscle protein content of aging SD rats, and it is related to up-regulation of IGF-I factor and down-regulation of TNF-α factor expression by resistance training.

scholarly journals Resistance Training Alleviates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Rats Exposed to Hypoxia by inhibiting Autophagy Mediated by Acetyl-FoxO1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengyu FU ◽  
KONG Zhaowei ◽  
GONG Lijing ◽  
Hans-Christer Holmberg ◽  
LI Yanchun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Sequestosome 1 ◽  
Control Group Group

Abstract Background: Skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia could affect the physical fitness and training effect of the athletes in the rapid altitude, and also affect the production and life of the general public. Resistance training in a hypoxic environment could effectively alleviate the occurrence of muscular atrophy. Whether autophagy lysosomal pathway, as an important proteolysis pathway, is involved in this process, and whether FoxO1, the key gene of atrophy, plays a role by regulating autophagy is unclear. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normoxic control group (group C), normoxic resistance-training group (group R), hypoxic control group (group H), and hypoxic resistance-training group (group HR). The H and HR groups were exposed to 12.4% oxygen for four weeks. The R and HR groups underwent incremental loaded training by climbing a ladder every other day for four weeks. Results: Compared to parameters in group H, resistance training increased lean body mass (LBM) and wet weight and decreased the expression of atrogin1 of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) after four weeks ( P <0.05). Resistance training decreased the levels of FoxO1 and Ac-FoxO1 and the extent of their localization in the nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively ( P <0.05), as well as the LC3II/LC3I ratio, the integrated optical density (IOD) of LC3 and the levels of autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7), and elevated the levels of sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) ( P <0.05). Most differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (ATGs) interacted with FoxO1, and the functions of these ATGs were mainly enriched in the early autophagy phase. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that resistance training lowers the levels of both nuclear FoxO1 and cytoplasmic Ac-FoxO1, as well as reduced autophagic flux in the EDL of rats exposed to hypoxia.

scholarly journals Effect of Eight Weeks Water Resistance Training with Dark Chocolate Supplementation on the Balance of the Elderly

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Mousavi ◽  
Farshad Ghazalian
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Training Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dark Chocolate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Water ◽  
Age Range

Introduction: Improving balance in the daily lives of the elderly plays an important role, especially in reducing their risk of falling. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks water resistance training with dark chocolate supplementation on the balance of the elderly.Methods: In this study, 38 elderly people with an age range of 73-60 years were randomly divided into four groups. Participants in groups, included water resistance training and water resistance training + dark chocolate, performed water resistance training for eight weeks. In this period, groups of dark chocolate and water resistance training + dark chocolate, consumed 6 pieces of dark chocolate 83%, 5 gr per day, and the control group did not have any training or supplementation. The stork test (flamingo) was used to assess balance. The results of covariance analysis (ANOVA) showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the four groups. Data were evaluated using Excel and SPSS-25 (p≤ 0.05). Results: The adjusted means after eliminating the effect of pre-test scores showed that the water resistance-training group had a higher mean than the other three groups and the weakest scores belonged to the control group. The results of other groups were as followed: experimental group 18.77, chocolate group 16.88, combined group (water resistance training + dark chocolate) 17.24 and control group 9.77. The results of Benferoni test showed that there was a significant difference between the water resistance training group and the control group (p = 0.006). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that eight weeks of water resistance training and dark chocolate supplementation can improve the balance and quality of life of the elderly.

scholarly journals Effects of Resistance Training of Peripheral Muscles Versus Respiratory Muscles in Older Adults With Sarcopenia Who are Institutionalized: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria À. Cebrià i Iranzo ◽  
Mercè Balasch-Bernat ◽  
María Á. Tortosa-Chuliá ◽  
Sebastià Balasch-Parisi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Peripheral Muscle

This study compares the effects of two resistance training programs in peripheral and respiratory musculature on muscle mass and strength and physical performance and identifies the appropriate muscle mass parameter for assessing the intervention effects. Thirty-seven institutionalized older Spanish adults with sarcopenia were analyzed: control group (n = 17), respiratory muscle training group (n = 9), and peripheral muscle training group (n = 11). Measured outcomes were appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM/height2, ASM/weight, and ASM/BMI), isometric knee extension, arm flexion and handgrip strength, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, and gait speed pre- and postintervention. Trained groups participated in a 12-week program and improved in maximum static inspiratory pressure, maximum static expiratory pressure, knee extension, and arm flexion (p < .05), whereas nonsignificant changes were found in gait speed and ASM indexes pre- and postintervention in the three groups. In conclusion, resistance training improved skeletal muscle strength in the studied population, and any ASM index was found to be appropriate for detecting changes after physical interventions.

The effects of an 8-week resistance training intervention on muscular strength, power, and body composition in collegiate female dancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-284
Author(s):  
D.J. Sanders ◽  
T.D. Cardaci ◽  
B.A. McFadden ◽  
A.J. Walker ◽  
B.N. Bozzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group

Although weight training can enhance muscular strength, power, and body composition, outdated beliefs about muscular adaptations have limited its use in dancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week progressive overload resistance-training (RT) program on muscular strength, power and body composition in collegiate female dancers. Sixteen subjects were randomised into a dance-only control group (CON) or an RT + dance training group (EXP). EXP met 3×/week for RT. Body fat (%BF), lean body mass (LBM), girth measurements, vertical jump (VJ), muscular strength (1-repetition max (RM) squat (SQT) and 1-RM bench press (BP)), maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max, and ventilatory threshold (VT)) were assessed pre- and post-study. Baseline performance characteristics across all subjects were: %BF=28.2±5.7%, VJ=33.4±5.4 cm, SQT=57.5±12.1 kg, BP=30.1±7.6 kg, (V̇O2max)=40.6±3.4 ml/kg/min, and VT=71.2±3.4%VO2max. Strength improvements were significantly greater for EXP than CON (P<0.05). No significant differences were found between groups for %BF, LBM, girth measurements, VJheight, (V̇O2max), or VT (P>0.05). However, a trend was observed for VJpower favouring EXP (P=0.07). EXP significantly improved strength, while no significant changes were observed in body composition. However, EXP improved their power-to-weight ratio, which may be a positive performance adaptation. RT for dancers can improve strength and power, allowing enhanced muscular loading and fatigue-resistance, which may optimise performance and decrease injury risk.

scholarly journals Animal model for progressive resistance exercise: a detailed description of model and its implications for basic research in exercise

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas ◽  
Ismair Teodoro Reis ◽  
Daniel Venâncio ◽  
Jansen Fernandes ◽  
Sérgio Tufik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Progressive Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Progressive Resistance Exercise ◽  
Progressive Resistance

The Several animal models have been proposed for resistance training. In addition, the results of these studies have been highly variable. Some of the studies have used negative reinforcement, electric shock or food deprivation to motivate the learning of the task. Features such as conditioning through electric shock may undermine the significance of the results or even prevent the model from being successfully executed. Due to these reasons, in this study we propose to use an adaptation of the vertical ladder climbing model for progressive resistance training in rats, albeit with a unique feature to ensure the homogeneity of the study groups: a period of adaptation to the apparatus without any negative reinforcement followed by a subsequent pairing of animals based on their ability to learn. The animals were distributed in the experimental group who were subjected to 8 weeks of a progressive resistance exercise protocol and the control group. After 8wks, the gastrocnemius, soleus, flexor digitorum longus (FDL), and plantaris muscles were removed and the cross-sectional area morphometry was obtened. The animals from experimental group showed hypertrophy [F(4, 15)=17,404, P < 0.001] for gastrocnemius [60% of hipertrophy; Control (2628,64 ± 348,50) versus Experimental (4207,77 ± 1256,52); ES=1.96; Power=0,86]; FDL [35% of hipertrophy; Control (2753,80 ± 359,54) versus Experimental (3711,84 ± 279,45); ES=2.99; Power=0.99] and plantaris [38% of hipertrophy; Control (2730,44 ± 320,56) versus Experimental (3767,30 ± 625,80); ES=2.19; Power=0.92], without modifications for soleus. All animals successfully completed the 8-week progressive resistance training program without any injuries, abandonment or death. Negative reinforcements such as electric shock were not required at any time in the experiment. In conclusion, we showed an adaptation of the previus model for progressive resistance training in rats. A period of adaptation to the apparatus without any negative reinforcement followed by a subsequent pairing of animals based on their ability to learn may be a alternative strategy for the original protocol. We also observed hypertrophy (gastrocnemius, FDL, and plantaris) showed the vality of this procolos for resistance exercise issues. The results of this study may be useful in basic/ applied neuroscience research and resistance exercise.

scholarly journals Safety Assessment of the Auto Manipulation Device for Acupuncture in Sprague-Dawley Rats: Preclinical Evaluation of the Prototype

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Geng-Hao Liu ◽  
Meng-Yen Tsai ◽  
Gwo-Jyh Chang ◽  
Chao-Min Wu ◽  
Sheng-Kai Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Needle Insertion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Whole Process

Background. The Auto Manipulation Device for Acupuncture (AMDA) is designed for providing stable, quantified effects and higher frequency when doing lifting and thrusting manipulation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety of manipulation by AMDA in different frequency and duration in healthy rats. Methods. The study was divided into two parts: single intervention and once a day for a week. 12 rats and 15 rats were randomly allocated to different groups: Control (needle insertion only), AMDA (2Hz/10Mins), AMDA (2Hz/20Mins), AMDA (20Hz/10Mins), and AMDA (20Hz/20Mins) for single and repeated interventions. Real-time physiological functions, laboratory data, and the bilateral muscle tissue of acupoint (ST 36) were obtained after the intervention. Results. We found neither real-time physiological functions nor laboratory data differences between control group and AMDA groups in both parts. In the muscle tissue samples, the slight damage had been observed in the AMDA group with a frequency of 2 Hz for 20 minutes after once intervention, and the repeated session groups noted more obvious tissue damage with fibrotic change. Although the period was shorter, higher frequency manipulation caused more damage that fibroblast nuclei became more slender and obvious. However, no significant adverse effect was noted such as crippled and molting in the whole process. Conclusion. Our study suggested that the safety issue of AMDA operation in rats is feasible because there was no difference between control group and AMDA groups among real-time physiological functions and laboratory data. However, manipulation with higher frequency should be more preserved.

scholarly journals Interval training during concurrent training optimizes cardiorespiratory adaptations in women

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ferrari ◽  
Cristine Lima Alberton ◽  
Stephanie Santana Pinto ◽  
Eduardo Lusa Cadore ◽  
Ronei Silveira Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Continuous Running

Abstract This study compared the effects of using continuous and interval aerobic exercise during concurrent training on cardiorespiratory adaptations in women. Thirty-two participants were randomly assigned into one of the following groups: continuous running and resistance training (C-RUN, n = 10), interval running and resistance training (I-RUN, n = 11), or control group that performed resistance training only (RT, n = 11). Each group trained twice a week during 11 weeks. Oxygen uptake corresponding to the first ventilatory threshold (VO2VT1), second ventilatory threshold (VO2VT2) and maximal effort (VO2max) was measured in a maximal incremental test performed before and after training. Significant increases in VO2VT1, VO2VT2 and VO2max were observed in all training groups. VO2VT2 and VO2max presented time-group interactions, indicating that the magnitude of the increase in these variables was dependent on the training group (VO2VT2: C-Run = 6.6%, I-Run = 15.7%, RT = 1.7%; VO2max: C-Run = 7.2%, I-Run = 14.3%, RT = 2.7%). The effect size observed for post-training values comparing C-RUN and RT groups was d = 0.566 for VO2VT2 and d = 0.442 for VO2max. On the other hand, values of d = 0.949 for VO2VT2 and d = 1.189 for VO2max were verified between I-RUN and RT groups. In conclusion, the use of continuous and interval aerobic exercise during concurrent training improved different cardiorespiratory parameters in women, but in a greater magnitude when interval aerobic exercise was performed simultaneously to resistance training.

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