INDICATORS OF CHEMODESTRUCTIVE FRACTIONATION OF ORGANIC MATTER SOILS OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC-TRANSFORMED LANDSCAPES OF THE SOUTH OF PRIMORYE

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Lyudmila N. Purtova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
The South ◽  
Humus Formation ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Fresh Organic Matter ◽  
Technogenic Landscapes ◽  
Natural Landscapes

The differences in the qualitative composition of organic matter in the soils of natural and anthropogenically transformed landscapes in the south of Primorye were established by the method of chemodestructive fractionation (CDF). The lowest indices of the easily oxidizable part (EOP) in the organic matter are typical for soils of technogenic landscapes (embryozems) with very low humus content due to low reserves of aboveground phytomass and the supply of fresh organic matter of plant origin. Embryozems are characterized by a low supply of humus with nitrogen. Higher EOP values are characteristic of soils of natural landscapes (burozems) with average humus content. In burozems, oxidative and eluvial processes are balanced by humus formation. In the soils of agrogenic landscapes (agro-dark-humus podbeles, agro-dark-humus gley soils) with low humus content, the proportion of EOP decreased and, at the same time, the proportion of the hardly oxidized part in the composition of soil organic matter increased. Some increase in EOP was recorded in agro-dark-humus gley soils with rump crops, which is associated with the intensification of the transformation processes of organic matter and the transition of organic matter from the difficult-to-oxidize to the easily oxidized part. Based on the data obtained on the qualitative composition of organic matter, the CDF method implies that in the soils of natural landscapes (burozems), the proportion of EOP exceeded that in comparison with soils of agrogenic (agro-dark-humus podbely, agro-dark-humus gley) and technogenic landscapes (em-briozems). This indicates differences in the conditions of soil formation and the ongoing oxidative and humus-forming processes.

scholarly journals On the Study of the Humus State of Meadow Brown Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Aliyeva
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Meadow Soil ◽  
Humus Formation ◽  
Humus State ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Abstract. The studies carried out and the results obtained on the humus state of meadow brown soils are fully consistent with the literature. The change in the humus content in the soils of the meadow soil formation process depends on the effect of surface and ground moisture on humus formation. Studies have revealed that the humus content in meadow brown soils decreases gradually and relatively evenly with depth. For meadow soils with a meadow process of soil formation, there is a general tendency for a decrease in humus from the upper horizons to the lower ones.

scholarly journals Specific features of accumulation of humus in technozems under poplar plantations in the conditions of the Western Donbass

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
A. N. Masyuk ◽  
V. A. Gorban
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Fertile Soil ◽  
Poplar Plantations ◽  
Humus Accumulation ◽  
Zonal Soils

One of the consequences of the mining industry’s activity is the removal of various granulometric composition on the daily surface of rocks, differing in water, physical and chemical properties. Subsequently, these rocks become the object of biological reclamation of land. The study of the role of humus in soil-forming processes occurring in reclaimed lands is important for establishing the features of their genesis. The suitability of soils for biological reclamation, taken out during development in dumps, is divided into three groups: suitable (fertile soil, which, as a rule, is separately removed, and potentially fertile rocks), are of little use (they have limited opportunities for growing plants) and are unsuitable phytotoxicity, rocky and others, in which edapho-ecological restrictions approach a minimum and a maximum). Proceeding from this, it is of interest to study: 1) the humus profile in technozems that are formed only from rocks, since from the moment of their emergence on the day surface the counting of the soil-forming process begins; 2) consideration of the behavior of humus in the fertile layer of technozems, consisting only of the mixed horizons H and Hp of zonal soils, because in the process of the technical stage of reclamation, the connections and properties characteristic of their natural historical compilation are lost. Field studies were concentrated on the experimental and experimental site of forest recultivation number 2 of Dniprovsky National University named after Oles Honchar in the Western Donbass, representing various variants of artificially created edaphotopes. Formation of the site lasted for two years and in its final form was a dump made up by a mine rock (carefully planned), on the surface of which there were artificially designed single-, two- and three-tier structures of reclaimed lands. The heap with a total area of 11.4 hectares was located between the mines «Blagodatnaya» and «Pavlogradskaya» (Dnepropetrovsk region, Pavlograd district). Stationary observations were carried out in poplar plantations. Edaphotop constructions were created as a result of the technical stage of reclamation, when the ground mass of ordinary chernozem and overburden rocks in different sequence and thickness fell to the phytotoxic mine rock (the product of the coal mining industry), which was placed on the day surface in the dumps. In the trial plots, soil sections were laid. Sampling was carried out every 10 cm along all the soil profile in 3-fold repetition, including mine rock. For a more complete (objective) characteristic, in some cases, the selection was carried out from the top 0–2 cm layer, as well as at the boundaries of the different-quality reclamation layers. The total content of humus was determined by Tyurin. As control (zero-moment), rocks were used from the sides of the quarry, from which the edaphotops artificially created for reclamation were formed and located in the immediate vicinity of the experimental site. To determine the stage of soil formation in comparison technologies, zonal soils were used (chernozems of ordinary heavy loam on loess) located in the Mavrinsky nursery (Dnipropetrovsk region, Pavlograd district), in which there were plantations of black poplar, the age of which corresponds to the age of plantations in the areas of forest reclamation in the Western Donbass and located 20 km from the experimental site outside the zone of influence of coal industry objects. As a result of the studies carried out, it has been established that the processes of humus accumulation in techno-scales are most active in surface layers (0–2 cm), which are characterized by the maximum content of humus primarily due to the fall of poplar plantations. In the studied techno-scales with depth, a gradual attenuation of the processes of humus accumulation is observed. The main source of organic matter, which eventually turns into soil humus, is the roots and decay of poplar, which under these conditions is the main edificator. The flow of organic matter in the form of leaf litter stimulates the processes of humus accumulation in the surface layers of technozems, and in the form of roots in all layers of the technozems where they are located. The humus content in the fertile soil layer increases, and the profile changes depend on the content of organic matter in the «parent» (zonal) horizons H and Hp involved in the reclamation and their relationships (or their share in the formation of the upper part of the technozem). In the horizons of rocks lying below the fertile soil layer, the humus content was within the limits corresponding to the zero-moment of soil formation. In the composition of ancient alluvial deposits, inclusions of various clays (loess-like, kaolinic, reddish-brown and others) are often found, ground mass of chernozems, sometimes of mine rock, which gives it a new qualitative state and promotes the formation of fertility close to loam. In places of significant impurities of clay (more than 30 %), the fertility of various mixtures can be higher than that of each breed separately – sands, sandy loams, loams, clays. Significant carbon stocks in the mine rock are not a source of organic matter used to feed plants due to the lack of mobile and water-soluble forms of humus nature.

Soil organic matter and microbiological development of technosols in the South Wales Coalfield

CATENA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 105203
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Filcheva ◽  
Mariana Hristova ◽  
Martin Haigh ◽  
Boika Malcheva ◽  
Maya Noustorova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
The South ◽  
South Wales

scholarly journals Distribution of inorganic and organic nutrients in the South Pacific Ocean − evidence for long-term accumulation of organic matter in nitrogen-depleted waters

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Raimbault ◽  
N. Garcia ◽  
F. Cerutti
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
The South ◽  
Photic Layer

Abstract. During the BIOSOPE cruise the RV Atalante was dedicated to study the biogeochemical properties in the South Pacific between the Marquesas Islands (141° W–8° S) and the Chilean upwelling (73° W–34° S). Over the 8000 km covered by the cruise, several different trophic situations were encountered, in particular strong oligotrophic conditions in the South Pacific Gyre (SPG, between 123° W and 101° W). In this isolated region, nitrate was undetectable between the surface and 160–180 m and only trace quantities (<20 nmoles l−1) of regenerated nitrogen (nitrite and ammonium) were detected, even in the subsurface maximum. Integrated nitrate over the photic layer, which reached 165 m, was close to zero. Despite this severe nitrogen-depletion, phosphate was always present in significant concentrations (≈0.1 μmoles l−1), while silicic acid was maintained at low but classical oceanic levels (≈1 μmoles l−1). In contrast, the Marquesas region (MAR) to the west and Chilean upwelling (UPW) to the east were characterized by high nutrient concentrations, one hundred to one thousand fold higher than in the SPG. The distribution of surface chlorophyll reflected the nitrate gradient, the lowest concentrations (0.023 nmoles l−1) being measured at the centre of the SPG, where integrated value throughout the photic layer was very low (≈ 10 mg m−2). However, due to the relatively high concentrations of chlorophyll-a encountered in the DCM (0.2 μg l−1), chlorophyll-a concentrations throughout the photic layer were less variable than nitrate concentrations (by a factor 2 to 5). In contrast to chlorophyll-a, integrated particulate organic matter (POM) remained more or less constant along the study area (500 mmoles m−2, 60 mmoles m−2 and 3.5 mmoles m−2 for particulate organic carbon, particulate organic nitrogen and particulate organic phosphorus, respectively), with the exception of the upwelling, where values were two fold higher. The residence time of particulate carbon in the surface water was only 4–5 days in the upwelling, but up to 30 days in the SPG, where light isotopic δ15N signal noted in the suspended POM suggests that N2-fixation provides a dominant supply of nitrogen to phytoplankton. The most striking feature was the large accumulation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the SPG compared to the surrounding waters, in particular dissolved organic carbon (DOC) where concentrations were at levels rarely measured in oceanic waters (>100 μmoles l−1). Due to this large pool of DOM in the SPG photic layer, integrated values followed a converse geographical pattern to that of inorganic nutrients with a large accumulation in the centre of the SPG. Whereas suspended particulate matter in the mixed layer had a C/N ratio largely conforming to the Redfield stochiometry (C/N≈6.6), marked deviations were observed in this excess DOM (C/N≈16 to 23). The marked geographical trend suggests that a net in situ source exists, mainly due to biological processes. Thus, in spite of strong nitrate-depletion leading to low chlorophyll biomass, the closed ecosystem of the SPG can accumulate large amounts of C-rich dissolved organic matter. The implications of this finding are examined, the conclusion being that, due to weak lateral advection, the biologically produced dissolved organic carbon can be accumulated and stored in the photic layer for very long periods. In spite of the lack of seasonal vertical mixing, a significant part of new production (up to 34%), which was mainly supported by dinitrogen fixation, can be exported to deep waters by turbulent diffusion in terms of DOC. The diffusive rate estimated in the SPG (134 μmolesC m−2 d−1), was quite equivalent to the particles flux measured by sediments traps.

The Metazoan Meiofauna in Its Biogeochemical Environment: The Case of an Antarctic Coastal Sediment

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vanhove ◽  
H.J. Lee ◽  
M. Beghyn ◽  
D. Van Gansbeke ◽  
S. Brockington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Coastal Sediment ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Fresh Organic Matter ◽  
Benthic Environment ◽  
Metazoan Meiofauna ◽  
Deposit Feeding

The metazoan meiobenthos was investigated in an Antarctic coastal sediment (Factory Cove, Signy Island, Antarctica). The fine sands contained much higher abundances compared to major sublittoral sediments worldwide. Classified second after Narrangansett Bay (North Atlantic) they reached numbers of 13 × 106ind m-2. The meiofauna was highly abundant in the surface layers, but densities decreased sharply below 2 cm. Vertical profiles mirrored steep gradients of microbiota, chloropigments and organic matter and were coincident with chemical stratification. Spatial patchiness manifested especially in the surface layer. Nematodes dominated (up to 90%), andAponema, Chromctdorita, Diplolaimella, Daptonema, MicrolaimusandNeochromadoraconstituted almost the entire community. Overall, the nematode fauna showed a strong similarity with fine sand communities elsewhere. The dominant trophic strategies were epistrarum and non-selective deposit feeding, but the applied classification for feeding guild structure of the nematodes of Factory Cove is discussed. High standing stock, low diversity and shallow depth distribution may have occurred because of the high nutritive (chlorophyll exceeded lOOOmgm-2and constituted almost 50% of the organic pool) and reductive character of the benthic environment. These observations must have originated from the substantial input of fresh organic matter from phytoplankton and microphytobenthic production, typical for an Antarctic coastal ecosystem during the austral summer.

A Study of the Chemical and Physical Characteristics of the Soils from the South of Piauí for Soil-Cement Brick Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Pereira de Araújo ◽  
Edson Cavalcanti Silva Filho ◽  
João Sammy Nery de Souza ◽  
Josy Anteveli Osajima ◽  
Marcelo Barbosa Furtini
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
The South ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Made In

Soil-cement bricks are good examples of environmentally friendly products. This brick is the combination of soil with compacted cement with no combustion in its production. In this work the physical chemical characteristics of the soil from Piaui for producing this material were investigated. Samples of the soil were collected in three potteries from the county of Bom Jesus and pH analysis were carried out, as well as the rate of organic matter, texture, particle density, limits of liquidity and plasticity rates. The results have shown that the soils have acid tones (pH 5,49 a 6,11), which can be neutralized by adding cement, and organic matter percentages up to 1%. The samples have shown predominantly clay-rich textures with adequate plasticity limits, however, values of liquidity limits and particle density above recommended. Altogether, these soils tend to present viability concerning soil-cement brick production, provided that corrections with additives are made in order to minimize this effect.

scholarly journals Effect of systematic application of mineral fertilizers and long-term aftereffect of liming on the organic matter of light-grey forest soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-168
Author(s):  
N. A. Kodochilova ◽  
T. S. Buzynina ◽  
L. D. Varlamova ◽  
E. A. Katerova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Grey Forest Soil ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

The studies on assessment of changes in the content and composition of soil organic matter under the influence of the systematic use of mineral fertilizers (NPK)1, (NPK)2, (NPK)3 against the background of the aftereffect of single liming in doses of 1.0 and 2.0 h. a. (control – variants without fertilizers and lime) were conducted in the conditions of the Nizhny Novgorod region in a long – term stationary experiment on light-grey forest soil. The research was carried out upon comple-tion of the fifth rotation of the eight-field crop rotation. The results of the study showed that for 40 years (from 1978 to 2018) the humus content in the soil (0-20 cm) decreased by 0.19-0.52 abs. % in variants as compared to the original (1.60 %); though, humus mineralization was less evident against the background of long-term use of mineral fertilizers compared to non-fertilized control. The higher humus content in the topsoil was noted in the variants with minimal (NPK)1 and increased (NPK)2 doses of fertilizer – 1.41 and 1.25 %, respectively. The humus content in non-fertilized soil and when applying high (NPK)3 doses of mineral fertilizers was almost identical – 1.08-1.09 %. The predominant group in the composition of humus were humic acids, the content of which in the experiment on average was 37.8 % of the total carbon with an evident decrease from 42.6 % in the control to 31.8% when applying increased doses of mineral fertilizers. The aftereffect of liming, carried out in 1978, was unstable and did not significantly affect the content and composition of soil organic matter.

scholarly journals Zonal features of the dynamics of humus content in soils of Chernihiv region

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
O. Grischenko ◽  
S. Romanova ◽  
V. Zapasnyi ◽  
I. Shabanova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Sown Area ◽  
Green Manure Crops

The humus condition of soils of Chernihiv region has been studied. The dynamics of humus content in the soils of the region during six rounds (1986–2015) of agrochemical certification of agricultural lands is generalized and analyzed. In comparison with the 5th round (1986–1990), there was a discrepancy between the processes of stabilization and increase of humus content in most districts and in the region as a whole in the ninth round (2006–2010), and in some districts in the tenth round (2011–2015) against the background of a sharp decrease in the application of organic fertilizers. It was found that the stabilization of humus content in the soils of the region during the V–VIII rounds of agrochemical certification and a sharp increase in its content in the ninth round, against a significant reduction of organic matter, correlates with the withdrawal of eroded, low-yielding lands with low humus content (r=0.76). Analyzing the dynamics of humus content over thirty years of research,it was found that its content has increased in all climatic zones, as well as in nineteen of the twenty-two districts of the region. The increase of the indicator is in the range of 0.01–0.72%, while in all districts there is a significant reduction of the surveyed areas and only in three districts of the region there is a decrease in the humus content. According to the results of the 10th round of agrochemical certification, the soils of Chernihiv region are characterized by an average humus content of 2.41%. The highest humus content is characterized by the soils of Bakhmatsky (3.56%), Talalaivsky (3.33%) and Pryluky (3.32%) districts, and the lowest — NovgorodSiversky (1.57%). Increasing the sown area of green manure crops, plowing straw and the use of other elements of biologization of agriculture are important factors in increasing the weighted average humus content in the soils of Chernihiv region.

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