scholarly journals Ukrainian Innovation Policy: The Smart Specialization Problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Iurii Bazhal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Technological Structure ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Smart Specialization ◽  
Expert Community ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Active Formation

The aim of the article is to reveal the place and role of smart specialization strategy as one of the relevant and central areas of modern economic policy. It is shown that in Ukraine the issue of economic essence and main goal of smart specialization policy as a form of state innovation policy remains theoretically and practically unexplored, as well as the importance of involving universities in smart specialization strategy in the context of creating basic innovations that can become the basis of the regional smart specializations.The article substantiates that the Ukrainian expert community is dominated by the perception the smart specialization strategy is the traditional sectoral economic policy, which considers innovation as a factor of increasing the competitiveness of existing industries, i.e. without much change in the technological structure of the economy or region. The article argues that the main content of the smart specialization policy should be the priority development of new high-tech sectors of the economy, industries belonging to the current and future technological paradigms.The results of studying the main development directions of the Top European innovation Universities are presented. These results testify to the close connection between the innovation Universities and the creation of basic innovations for the development of new high-tech business. The analysis showed that Ukraine not only cannot enter the European ranking of innovation Universities, but also lags far behind the total number of European patents per country. This shows that the country has in fact abandoned basic innovation competitions with Europe. The policy of smart specialization should help to correct this situation. The positive effect of such policy largely depends on the active formation of modern innovation Universities, which can create and commercialize basic innovations of the Schumpeter’s type, leading to the emergence of new high technologies. JEL classіfіcatіon: O25, O38, R11

scholarly journals Views of Ivan Vernadsky on the role of foreign trade policy in economic development

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (54) ◽  
pp. 182-198
Author(s):  
Tetiana Bodnarchuk ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
Modern Economic

Nowadays, the process of making effective economic decisions requires reference to the history of Ukrainian economic thought. The study of intellectual heritage and innovative ideas of prominent Ukrainian economists, among whom Ivan Vernadsky occupies an important place, will enrich the understanding of the mechanisms and ways of modern economic transformation. The purpose of the article is to analyze and generalize Ivan Vernadsky’s conceptual views on the role of foreign trade policy in economic development. The theoretical basis of this study is conceptual approaches to understanding the nature of foreign trade policy, in particular, protectionism and free trade. Systematic, comparative-historical, institutional-evolutionary, and historical-genetic analyses were used as the research methodology. The author considers Ivan Vernadsky’s conceptual approach to foreign trade as a basis for providing the country's economic leadership in the international area. The economist’s ideas on the advantages of liberal foreign trade policy, free trade, and its mutual benefits for countries are revealed. Ivan Vernadsky was a staunch opponent of restrictive foreign trade policy, which creates obstacles to the country's competitive advantages and economic progress. Attention was paid to Ivan Vernadsky's criticism of customs protectionism. According to the scientist's point of view, protectionism leads to monopolization, price rises, technical and technological backwardness of production, destabilization of foreign trade relations, etc. At the same time, one of the scientist’s merits is the formation of an innovative approach to the interpretation of protectionism as a general economic doctrine and a realistic economic policy. Ivan Vernadsky’s vision of the basics of efficient management is generalized. He creates an original theory of economic development, which can be used for selection of effective mechanisms of modern economic policy.

The Politics of Innovation Policy: Building Israel’s “Neo-developmental” State

2020 ◽  
pp. 003232922094552
Author(s):  
Erez Maggor
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Subsequent Transformation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Private Actors

This article contributes to an emerging literature on the “neo” or “entrepreneurial” developmental state that emphasizes the role of innovation policy in promoting the structural transformation of industry. It finds further evidence that supports this approach and advances it by making two unique contributions. First, it highlights an essential yet underappreciated feature of contemporary innovation policy: the state’s capacity to condition public assistance and discipline private firms that do not adhere to government guidelines. These capacities are necessary to guarantee that the benefits of public investment in innovation—the social and economic spillovers—are not appropriated by private actors but shared more broadly within society. Second, it highlights that politics—reflected in the relations between innovation agencies and key social actors—represents an important causal factor in both the formation and subsequent transformation of these institutional capacities. These points are illustrated through a historical analysis of a crucial case: the state-led development of Israel’s thriving high-tech sector.

National projects, socio-economic policy and public equilibrium

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
Elena Ustinovich ◽  
Michael Kulikov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article presents a brief analysis of modern economic policy in Russia. Attention is paid to the role of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in public welfare and its role in the effectiveness of the social policy of Russia as a democratic state. Critical opinions of famous political scientists and economists on the role of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in these processes are presented.

scholarly journals The Influence of Inter-Enterprise Knowledge Heterogeneity on Exploratory and Exploitative Innovation Performance: The Moderating Role of Trust and Contract

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5677
Author(s):  
Chen Tao ◽  
Yiying Qu ◽  
Hao Ren ◽  
Zhuopin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Market Competition ◽  
Network Governance ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Alliance Network ◽  
Enterprise Innovation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Moderating Role

Improving enterprise innovation performance is key for enterprises to obtain sustainable competitiveness. With the increasingly fierce market competition of technological and product innovation, acquiring external heterogeneous knowledge of alliance enterprises becomes core to improving innovation performance. In this paper, we constructed a theoretical model to present the effect of inter-enterprise knowledge heterogeneity and alliance network governance mechanisms on enterprise innovation performance. We selected high-tech enterprises as the research object for empirical research and reached the following conclusions: (1) Inter-enterprise knowledge heterogeneity has a positive effect on exploratory and exploitative innovation performance, and (2) trust and contract have a moderating effect on the relationship between inter-enterprise knowledge heterogeneity and enterprise innovation performance.

scholarly journals Whether the Innovation Policy Will Really Improve Enterprise’s Innovation Performance— Mediating Role of Ambidextrous Learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Wang Dongling ◽  
Kelvin C.K. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Enterprise Innovation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Government Innovation

As the scope embodiment of public policy in specific fields, the government innovation policy is essentially a system arrangement and rule design and it plays an external guidance and incentive effect on the enterprises’ innovation activities. Whether the innovation policy will really promote the improvement of enterprises’ innovation performance and how it is realized have not reached the conclusion among theorists. As such the aim of this research is to test the relationships between innovation policy and enterprises’ innovation performance with the aim of contributing to help the government adjust policies and improve the innovation performance of enterprises. Based on the data of high-tech enterprises in Shandong Province in 2017, this paper studied the impact mechanism of innovation policy on enterprise innovation performance through regression analysis. The paper found that the innovation policy has a significant impact on enterprise innovation performance, and the ambidextrous learning plays a mediating role in this process.

Failure learning and entrepreneurial resilience: the moderating role of firms’ knowledge breadth and knowledge depth

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Yao ◽  
Xiaolin Li ◽  
Bang Liang
Keyword(s):  
Survey Study ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Entrepreneurial Firms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Management Theory ◽  
Firm Capability ◽  
Knowledge Depth ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose Drawing on the knowledge-based view, the purpose of this study is to investigate the differential effects of failure normalization (FN) and failure analysis (FA) on entrepreneurial resilience (ER) and examines how firms’ knowledge breadth (KB) and knowledge depth (KD) moderate these effects in distinctive ways. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a mixed-methods approach, including a two-wave survey study among 226 entrepreneurial high-tech firms in China and a qualitative study. Findings The findings reveal that FA has a stronger positive effect on ER than FN. KB enhances the effect of FA on ER, whereas KD enhances the effect of FN on ER but buffers the effect of FA on ER. Practical implications The study advocates that entrepreneurs need to be aware of the importance of ER and strengthen the reflection on failure. Additionally, the study suggests that entrepreneurs should match FN and FA with firms’ knowledge characteristics. With this match, KB and KD can exert greater impacts on the effect of failure learning on ER. Originality/value Knowledge can influence the effect of learning on firm capability. However, such an effect in entrepreneurial firms linking to ER remains to be explored. This study contributes to ER from the failure learning perspective and extends knowledge management theory in the entrepreneurship context.

scholarly journals Complexity, economics, and innovation policy: How two kinds of science lead to two kinds of economics and two kinds of policy

2017 ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Jason Potts
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Complexity Science ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Structure Knowledge

One interpretation of complexity science is that it distinguishes two types of science—an equilibrium science of forces, as begun by Newton, and a complexity science of rules, as exemplified by Wolfram (2002). If you accept that argument, then there are also two types of economics—an equilibrium economics in which forces move resources around the economy, and a complexity economics in which generic rules structure knowledge in an economy (Dopfer & Potts, 2008). However, this also implies two types of economic policy—a policy framework based on reallocating resources and a policy framework based on redesigning rules (Colander & Kupers, 2014). Modern economic policy generally engages in both, but we argue that this reflects the idea that modern economic policy has not caught up with complexity science. We illustrate how this difference plays out in the particular domain of innovation policy.

Potential Uses of Vinegar as a Medicine and Related in vivo Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Zhenbin Wang ◽  
Rai Muhammad Amir ◽  
Shoaib Younas ◽  
Asif Wali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Effect

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

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