scholarly journals Survey and inspection of household water storage containers to find out presence of mosquito larvae and study of socio behavioural factors leading to positive larval indices in urban households of Sagar city of Madhya Pradesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Ram Kumar Panika ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Storage ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Storage Containers ◽  
Behavioural Factors

scholarly journals Drinking water quality and solar disinfection: Effectiveness in peri-urban households in Nepal

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochelle C. Rainey ◽  
Anna K. Harding
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Solar Disinfection ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Storage Containers

The study examined pH, turbidity and fecal contamination of drinking water from household water storage containers, wells and taps, and the Godawari River, and tested the effectiveness of solar disinfection (SODIS) in reducing levels of fecal contamination from household containers. The research was conducted in 40 households in a village 6 km outside the capital city of Kathmandu, Nepal. Three rounds of data were collected: a baseline in March 2002 followed by training in solar disinfection, and follow-ups in June and July 2002. Untreated drinking water was found to have levels of contamination ranging from 0 to too numerous to count fecal coliform CFU 100 ml−1. Source water was significantly more contaminated than water from the household storage containers. Wells were less contaminated than taps. SODIS reduced the level of contamination under household conditions. Turbidity from taps was above 30 NTU in the rainy season, above the maximum for effective solar disinfection. SODIS was routinely adopted by only 10% of the participating households during the study.

scholarly journals Assessing Drinking Water Quality at the Point of Collection and within Household Storage Containers in the Hilly Rural Areas of Mid and Far-Western Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2172 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Daniel ◽  
Arnt Diener ◽  
Jack van de Vossenberg ◽  
Madan Bhatta ◽  
Sara J. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Storage Containers

Accurate assessments of drinking water quality, household hygenic practices, and the mindset of the consumers are critical for developing effective water intervention strategies. This paper presents a microbial quality assessment of 512 samples from household water storage containers and 167 samples from points of collection (POC) in remote rural communities in the hilly area of western Nepal. We found that 81% of the stored drinking water samples (mean log10 of all samples = 1.16 colony-forming units (CFU)/100 mL, standard deviation (SD) = 0.84) and 68% of the POC samples (mean log10 of all samples = 0.57 CFU/100 mL, SD = 0.86) had detectable E. coli. The quality of stored water was significantly correlated with the quality at the POC, with the majority (63%) of paired samples showing a deterioration in quality post-collection. Locally applied household water treatment (HWT) methods did not effectively improve microbial water quality. Among all household sanitary inspection questions, only the presence of livestock near the water storage container was significantly correlated with its microbial contamination. Households’ perceptions of their drinking water quality were mostly influenced by the water’s visual appearance, and these perceptions in general motivated their use of HWT. Improving water quality within the distribution network and promoting safer water handling practices are proposed to reduce the health risk due to consumption of contaminated water in this setting.

scholarly journals Efficacy of locally-available cleaning methods in removing biofilms from taps and surfaces of household water storage containers

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle String ◽  
Marta Domini ◽  
Patrick Mirindi ◽  
Hannah Brodsky ◽  
Yarmina Kamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Storage ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Storage Containers ◽  
Cleaning Methods

scholarly journals Presence of Aedes and Anopheles mosquito larvae is correlated to bacteria found in domestic water-storage containers

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise K J Nilsson ◽  
Anil Sharma ◽  
Raj K Bhatnagar ◽  
Stefan Bertilsson ◽  
Olle Terenius
Keyword(s):  
Water Storage ◽  
Anopheles Mosquito ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Storage Containers

scholarly journals Studi Kepadatan Jentik Nyamuk di Kelurahan Tebing Tinggi Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat Jambi Tahun 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Sondang Siahaan ◽  
Rina Fauziah
Keyword(s):  
Water Storage ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Populated Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
External Water

Mosquitoes have a very important meaning in the health sector because of their role as vectors of various diseases. Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes include dengue fever, malaria and filariasis. These three diseases are transmitted from one person to another through vector intermediaries. Vector is a creature that acts as an intermediary for transmitting   diseases. Tebing Tinggi Village is a densely populated area. The density of the population as well as the constraints of clean water make a lot of water reservoirs to store daily water needs. This can potentially be a breeding ground for mosquito larvae. This study was conducted to determine the density of mosquito larvae, to find out the percentage of house index and container index. This study used a visual method, with a cross sectional approach. Based on the results of research from 18 houses (19.78%) that were larvae positive from 91 houses examined and found 22 containers (5.78%) positive larvae from 380 containers examined. 331 containers of larvae were found in the reservoir of deep water as much as 18 containers (5.43%) and as many as 49 containers of  larvae were found in the external water reservoir (12.24%). The density of mosquito larvae in Tebing Tinggi area is categorized as being with density figures 3 and 4. The amount on the surface of the presence of mosquito larvae in water reservoirs in the house should  the community pay more attention to the cleanliness of water reservoirs and to close water storage so that they are not breeding grounds.

scholarly journals Inhibition of biofilm formation on the surface of water storage containers using biosand zeolite silver-impregnated clay granular and silver impregnated porous pot filtration systems

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. e0194715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phumudzo Budeli ◽  
Resoketswe Charlotte Moropeng ◽  
Lizzy Mpenyana-Monyatsi ◽  
Maggie Ndombo Benteke Momba
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Storage Containers

scholarly journals Epidemic cholera in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya, 2009: the importance of sanitation and soap

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
pp. 234-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdirahman Sheikh Mahamud ◽  
Jamal A Ahmed ◽  
Raymond Nyoka ◽  
Erick Auko ◽  
Vincet Kahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Storage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Refugee Camp ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Storage Containers ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hospital Registry

Introduction: Cholera remains a major public health problem that causes substantial morbidity and mortality in displaced populations due to inadequate or unprotected water supplies, poor sanitation and hygiene, overcrowding, and limited resources. A cholera outbreak with 224 cases and four deaths occurred in Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya from September to December 2009. Methodology: We conducted a case-control study to characterize the epidemiology of the outbreak. Cases were identified by reviewing the hospital registry for patients meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) case definition for cholera. For each case a matched control was selected. A questionnaire focusing on potential risk factors was administered to cases and controls. Results: From 18 September to 15 December 2009, a total of 224 cases were identified and were hospitalised at Kakuma IRC hospital.  Three refugees and one Kenyan national died of cholera. V. cholerae O1, serotype Inaba was isolated in 44 (42%) out of 104 stool specimens collected. A total of 93 cases and 93 matched controls were enrolled in the study. In a multivariate model, washing hands with soap was protective against cholera (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =0.25[0.09-0.71]; p < 0.01), while presence of dirty water storage containers was a risk factor (AOR=4.39[1.12-17.14]; p=0.03). Conclusion:  Provision of soap, along with education on hand hygiene and cleaning water storage containers, may be an affordable intervention to prevent cholera.

scholarly journals Water and time use: evidence from Kathmandu, Nepal

Water Policy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
pp. 76-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Jie Chen ◽  
Namrata Chindarkar ◽  
Jane Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Time Diary ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Water Collection

Abstract In this paper, we examine the effect of private tap water reliability on time spent on water collection and total water consumption among urban households in Kathmandu, Nepal. Although the majority of households in Kathmandu are connected to a private tap, they experience intermittent water supply. We link a unique time diary dataset collected between 2014 and 2015 to household water consumption and tap water reliability data. Our empirical analyses demonstrate that improved reliability of private tap water connection (PWC), measured as self-reported reliability and an objective measure of ‘probability of getting tap water in the next hour’, leads to increased time spent on water collection. Households with more reliable PWC also consume more water overall and from their own taps. Further investigation demonstrates that when private taps became more reliable, households substituted water collected from outside the household, such as water from public taps and public wells, with water from their own private taps. Our results proved robust to additional specification checks.

First Report of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in District Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliya Jabeen ◽  
Jamil A Ansari ◽  
Aamer Ikram ◽  
Mumtaz Ali Khan ◽  
Moin Iqbal Qaisrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
First Report ◽  
Primary Vector ◽  
Storage Containers ◽  
Himalaya Mountains

Abstract Our article documents the presence of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) from urban and rural locations in the lower Himalaya Mountains, northern Pakistan. Larvae were collected from graveyards, junkyards, plant nurseries, parks, and houses. Used tires, bird drinking pots, and water storage containers were the most common containers used by this mosquito. In the absence of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae), Ae. albopictus appears to be the primary vector of recent dengue virus outbreaks.

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