Development of an indicator to evaluate the impact, on a community-basedAedes aegypticontrol intervention, of improved cleaning of water-storage containers by householders

1998 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. T. Chan ◽  
C. Sherman ◽  
R. C. Lozano ◽  
E. A. Fernández ◽  
P. J. Winch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Storage ◽  
Storage Containers ◽  
The Impact

DAMPAK PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PADA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DI TPA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilda Emilda
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
The People ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
The Impact

The limitations of waste management in the Cipayung Landfill (TPA) causing a buildup of garbage up to more than 30 meters. This condition has a health impact on people in Cipayung Village. This study aims to analyze the impact of waste management at Cipayung Landfill on public health in Cipayung Village, Depok City. The research is descriptive qualitative. Data obtained by purposive sampling. Data was collected by interviews, observation and documentation. Based on interviews with 30 respondents, it was found that the most common diseases were diarrhea, then other types of stomach ailments, subsequent itching on the skin and coughing. This is presumably because the environmental conditions in the form of unhealthy air and water and clean and healthy living behaviors (PHBS) have not become the habit of the people. The results indicated that there were no respondents who had implemented all of these criteria. In general respondents have implemented  3 criteria, namely maintaining hair hygiene, maintaining skin cleanliness, and maintaining hand hygiene. While maintaining clean water storage is the most often overlooked behavior. To minimize this health impact, improvements in waste management in Cipayung landfill are needed along with continuous socialization and education to develop PHBS habits and the importance of maintaining a clean environment.

The Effect of Dentin Desensitizer on Shear Bond Strength of Conventional and Self-adhesive Resin Luting Cements After Aging

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 492-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Stawarczyk ◽  
R Hartmann ◽  
L Hartmann ◽  
M Roos ◽  
M Özcan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Luting Cements ◽  
Relyx Unicem ◽  
Aging Conditions ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Panavia 21

SUMMARY This study tested the impact of Gluma Desensitizer on the shear bond strength (SBS) of two conventional (RelyX ARC, Panavia 21) and two self-adhesive (RelyX Unicem, G-Cem) resin luting cements after water storage and thermocycling. Human third molars (N=880) were embedded in acrylic resin. The buccal dentin was exposed. Teeth were randomly divided into four main groups, and the following cements were adhered: 1) RelyX ARC, 2) Panavia 21, 3) RelyX Unicem, and 4) G-Cem. In half of the teeth in each group, dentin was treated with Gluma Desensitizer. In the conventional cement groups, the corresponding etchant and adhesive systems were applied. SBS of the cements was tested after 1 hour (initial); at 1, 4, 9, 16, and 25 days of water storage; and at 1, 4, 9, 16, and 25 days of thermocycling. SBS data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); this was followed by the post hoc Scheffé test and a t-test. Overall, the highest mean SBS (MPa) was obtained by RelyX ARC (ranging from 14.6 ± 3.9 to 17.6 ± 5.2) and the lowest by Panavia 21 in combination with Gluma Desensitizer (ranging from 0.0 to 2.9 ± 1.0). All tested groups with and without desensitizer showed no significant decrease after aging conditions compared with baseline values (p>0.05). Only the Panavia 21/Gluma Desensitizer combination showed a significant decrease after 4 days of thermocyling compared with initial values and 1 day thermocycling. Self-adhesive cements with Gluma Desensitizer showed increased SBS after aging conditions (ranging from 7.4 ± 1.4 to 15.2 ± 3) compared with groups without desensitizer (ranging from 2.6 ± 1.2 to 8.8 ± 2.9). No cohesive failures in dentin were observed in any of the test groups. Although self-adhesive cements with and without desensitizer presented mainly adhesive failures after water storage (95.8%) and thermocyling (100%), conventional cement (RelyX ARC) showed mainly mixed failures (90.8% and 89.2%, after water storage and thermocyling, respectively). Application of the Gluma Desensitizer to dentin before cementation had a positive effect on the SBS of self-adhesive cements.

The impact of wheat stubble on evaporation from a sandy soil

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 730 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Ward ◽  
K. Whisson ◽  
S. F. Micin ◽  
D. Zeelenberg ◽  
S. P. Milroy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
The Impact

In Mediterranean-type climates, dryland soil water storage and evaporation during the hot and dry summer are poorly understood, particularly for sandy-textured soils. Continued evaporation during summer, and any effects of crop stubble management, could have a significant impact on annual components of the water balance and crop yield. In this research, the effect of wheat stubble management on summer evaporation and soil water storage was investigated for a sandy soil in south-western Australia, during the summers of 2005–06 and 2006–07. Treatments comprised: retained standing stubble; retained flattened stubble; removed stubble; and removed stubble followed by burying the crowns with topsoil from an adjacent area. Under ‘dry’ conditions, evaporation continued at ~0.2 mm/day. In contrast to previous results for finer textured soil types, stubble retention did not decrease the rate of evaporation, but marginally (10–30%) increased evaporation on 7 out of 14 days when measurements were taken. Significant differences due to stubble management were observed in two successive summers, but only for relatively dry soil conditions. There were no significant differences observed for several days after irrigation or rainfall. Under dry conditions in the absence of rainfall, total decrease in water storage during a 90-day summer period could be ~20 mm, but differences attributable to stubble management are likely to be a few mm.

The Impact of Noah-MP Physical Parameterizations on Modeling Water Availability during Droughts in the Texas-Gulf Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Ying Wu ◽  
Zong-Liang Yang ◽  
Michael Barlage
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTexas is subject to severe droughts, including the record-breaking one in 2011. To investigate the critical hydrometeorological processes during drought, we use a land surface model, Noah-MP, to simulate water availability and investigate the causes of the record drought. We conduct a series of experiments with runoff schemes, vegetation phenology, and plant rooting depth. Observation-based terrestrial water storage, evapotranspiration, runoff, and leaf area index are used to compare with results from the model. Overall, the results suggest that using different parameterizations can influence the modeled water availability, especially during drought. The drought-induced vegetation responses not only interact with water availability but also affect the ground temperature. Our evaluation shows that Noah-MP with a groundwater scheme produces a better temporal relationship in terrestrial water storage compared with observations. Leaf area index from dynamic vegetation is better simulated in wet years than dry years. Reduction of positive biases in runoff and reduction of negative biases in evapotranspiration are found in simulations with groundwater, dynamic vegetation, and deeper rooting zone depth. Multi-parameterization experiments show the uncertainties of drought monitoring and provide a mechanistic understanding of disparities in dry anomalies.

A Novel Drainage System Using Cellular Automata to Avoid Urban Flood

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-51
Author(s):  
Neeraj Kumar ◽  
Alka Agrawal ◽  
Raees Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Storage Methods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Removal System

Floods are problems which become disasters if they persist for a long duration. Out of all kind of floods, a rainfall-induced flood is just a problem created by a lack of water storage methods, which can be eliminated if a better removal system is available. For flood avoidance, many methods have been used, out of which a dedicated drainage pipeline structure may facilitate better removal. This article shows the theory of cellular automata with its new application for flood avoidance using ground leveling. This article analyzes the performance of hexagonal shapes compared with a popular rectangle grid. The article also shows the impact of various layers on the size of the tank. This article provides knowledge towards the flood avoidance for a flood free smart city.

scholarly journals Observing Snow Cover and Water Resource Changes in the High Mountain Asia Region in Comparison with Global Mountain Trends over 2000–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3913
Author(s):  
Claudia Notarnicola
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Snow Cover Extent ◽  
The Impact

The quantification of snow cover changes and of the related water resources in mountain areas has a key role for understanding the impact on several sectors such as ecosystem services, tourism and energy production. By using NASA-Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images from 2000 to 2018, this study analyzes changes in snow cover in the High Mountain Asia region and compares them with global mountain areas. Globally, snow cover extent and duration are declining with significant trends in around 78% of mountain areas, and the High Mountain Asia region follows similar trends in around 86% of the areas. As an example, Shaluli Shan area in China shows significant negative trends for both snow cover extent and duration, with −11.4% (confidence interval: −17.7%, −5.5%) and −47.3 days (confidence interval: −70.4 days, −24.4 days) at elevations >5500 m a.s.l. respectively. In spring, an earlier snowmelt of −13.5 days (confidence interval: −24.3 days, −2.0 days) in 4000–5500 m a.s.l. is detected. On the other side, Tien Shan area shows an earlier snow onset of −28.8 days (confidence interval: −44.3 days, −8.2 days) between 2500 and 4000 m a.s.l., governed by decreasing temperature and increasing snowfall. In the current analysis, the Tibetan Plateau shows no significant changes. Regarding water resources, by using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data it was found that around 50% of areas in the High Mountain Asia region and 30% at global level are suffering from significant negative temporal trends of total water storage (including groundwater, soil moisture, surface water, snow, and ice) in the period 2002–2015. In the High Mountain Asia region, this negative trend involves around 54% of the areas during spring period, while at a global level this percentage lies between 25% and 30% for all seasons. Positive trends for water storage are detected in a maximum 10% of the areas in High Mountain Asia region and in around 20% of the areas at global level. Overall snow mass changes determine a significant contribution to the total water storage changes up to 30% of the areas in winter and spring time over 2002–2015.

scholarly journals Drinking water quality and solar disinfection: Effectiveness in peri-urban households in Nepal

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochelle C. Rainey ◽  
Anna K. Harding
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Solar Disinfection ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Storage Containers

The study examined pH, turbidity and fecal contamination of drinking water from household water storage containers, wells and taps, and the Godawari River, and tested the effectiveness of solar disinfection (SODIS) in reducing levels of fecal contamination from household containers. The research was conducted in 40 households in a village 6 km outside the capital city of Kathmandu, Nepal. Three rounds of data were collected: a baseline in March 2002 followed by training in solar disinfection, and follow-ups in June and July 2002. Untreated drinking water was found to have levels of contamination ranging from 0 to too numerous to count fecal coliform CFU 100 ml−1. Source water was significantly more contaminated than water from the household storage containers. Wells were less contaminated than taps. SODIS reduced the level of contamination under household conditions. Turbidity from taps was above 30 NTU in the rainy season, above the maximum for effective solar disinfection. SODIS was routinely adopted by only 10% of the participating households during the study.

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