scholarly journals Shallow seismic sounding based on ellipticity analysis of microtremor

Georesursy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Vadim A. Davydov

A brief review is carried out of the previous study about the spectral ratios of horizontal and vertical components of microseismic oscillations displacement. The basic principles of resonant boundaries allocation and the construction of deep sections based on the H/V relations (ellipticity) are considered. A description of the equipment used, the method of recording and processing microseismic noise are presented. The main goal of the research work is to clarify the nature of the connection between the ellipticity of microseisms with geological features and the correctness of constructing deep sections based on them. The initial data are the amplitude spectra of the components of microseismic signal, obtained using the fast Fourier transformation. In the course of experimental work it was found that the spectral relations retain their characteristic features regardless of the azimuth of observations. A number of practical examples compare microseismic sections with results from other geophysical methods and drilling information. The results obtained indicate the complex nature of the ellipticity of microseismic noise under different conditions, however, they make it possible to determine the main interfaces between the upper part of the geological section. Resonant boundaries emitted by microtremor are often located near refractive seismic boundaries. This is consistent with the theory that resonance effects occur at the interface between two media with a high contrast of acoustic impedance.

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martynas Mankus

The research work analyzes the influence of the post-modernism phenomenon on Lithuanian architecture as observed since the 1970-s. This controversially estimated period in architectural history opposed the modernist tradition by its cultural and aesthetical landmarks. In the Lithuanian context it was distinguished by the raise of its expression partially overlapping with the period of post-soviet socio-cultural fractures. After short introduction of prerequisites of postmodernist idea formation in architecture, the text focuses on the main ideological concepts and characteristic features of architecture related to postmodernism. Besides the evaluation of influence of western postmodernist architecture on the soviet space, the aim of the article is to analyze the objects innovative by their aesthetics, applied symbolism and treatment of their application to the society in the sociocultural context of the time. The text focuses on unrealized projects and competition offers of the 1970-s and 80-s (from the emergence of the first examples to the reestablishment of Lithuanian independence) with most brightly reflected postmodern trends: complex composition, eclecticism, historical references and decreasing scale. The examples analyzed in the research are a part of culture of the complicated transformation time, which is underestimated. Darbe nagrinėjama postmodernizmo fenomeno Lietuvos architektūroje įtaka, ryškėjanti nuo XX a. 8-ojo dešimtmečio. Kontroversiškai vertinamas architektūros istorijos periodas savo kultūriniais ir estetiniais orientyrais oponavo modernizmo tradicijai. Lietuvos kontekstui būdinga tai, kad jo raiškos pakilimas iš dalies sutapo su posovietinių sociokultūrinių lūžių laikotarpiu. Trumpai aptariant postmodernizmo idėjų formavimosi architektūroje prielaidas, išskiriami pagrindiniai idėjiniai su postmodernizmu siejamos architektūros konceptai ir būdingieji bruožai. Straipsnio tikslas – siekiant įvertinti Vakarų postmodernizmo architektūros diskurso sovietinėje erdvėje įtaką, išnagrinėti anuometiniame sociokultūriniame kontekste savo estetika, simbolikos vartojimu, taikymo visuomenei traktavimu inovatyvius objektus. Tekste koncentruojamasi į XX a. 8-ojo ir 9-ojo dešimtmečių (nuo pirmųjų pavyzdžių atsiradimo iki nepriklausomybės atgavimo) nerealizuotus projektus ir konkursinius pasiūlymus, kuriuose ryškiausiai atsispindi postmodernizmo tendencijos: kompozicijos sudėtingumas, eklektiškumas, istorinės referencijos, mastelio smulkėjimas. Minimi pavyzdžiai yra sudėtingų permainų laiko kultūros dalis, apie kurią kalbama nepakankamai.


Author(s):  
Basant Kumar Bhinchhar ◽  
Vinod Kumar Paswan ◽  
SPACE Saroj ◽  
Satya Prakash Yadav ◽  
Prity Singh

The present research work for characterization of Gangatiri cattle was conducted on a herd maintained at Mirzapur district of Uttar Pardesh. This dual-purpose indigenous cattle breed is found mainly in Varanasi, Chandauli, Ghazipur and Ballia distric of eastern Utter Pradesh and adjacent areas of Bihar state of India., Medium sized dewlap, small brisket, sharp and smooth shoulder with medium legs was present in most of the animals. Medium sized bowl shaped udder with cylindrical shaped medium sized teats and prominent, crooked and branched milk veins were the other characteristic features of the herd. The overall least squares’ means for Ischium width of Rump (ISWR), Top line (TPL), Udder length (UL), Udder diameter (UD), Teat length (TtL), Udder circumference (UC), Distance between fore to fore (DFF) and rear to rear teats (DRR) were 20.79±0.57, 144.64±1.67, 26.17±1.21, 11.03±1.40, 5.33±0.31, 68.84±3.89, 6.03±0.50 and 4.93±0.21 cm, respectively.


2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Pedro Vencovsky Nogueira ◽  
Marcelo Peres Rocha ◽  
Welitom Rodrigues Borges ◽  
Eduardo Xavier Seimetz ◽  
Márcio Maciel Cavalcanti

ABSTRACT. The most common procedure for an engineering project/construction is the use of direct survey, borehole and Standard Penetration Test (SPT). Thisprovides punctual information of the geology at the site, and many boreholes are necessary along the construction site, representing a significant amount of the budgetfor the construction and to help develop a better geological understand/map of the site. The use of geophysical methods allows to study the subsurface by indirectmeans, with low cost, and enable to cover large areas if compared to direct surveys. Geophysical methods are increasingly being used in engineering works, however, inBrazil the use in engineering projects is still scarce. In this work was used shallow seismic refraction method to study the shallow subsurface in an area along the futuretrack of the subway system of Bras´ılia, Brazil. The refraction results (P-wave) were compared with previous existing data from Standard Penetration Test (SPT), and soilprofile description. The seismic was used to study the subsurface geology, and SPT data were used to compare the seismic results. We observed a good correlationfor the depths obtained through each method, mostly in the north portion of the line, when the SPT was near the line, indicating that its results are influenced by thesame mechanical parameters, related to soil strength. Our results motivate the use of seismic refraction as a tool to optimize the direct investigation methods for bettergeotechnical characterization of the medium.Keywords: shallow seismic refraction, standard penetration test (SPT), geotechnical study. RESUMO. O procedimento inicial mais comum em um projeto de engenharia é o uso de pesquisa direta, por meio de sondagens e Índice de Resistência à Penetração (SPT, em inglês). Estas ferramentas fornecem informações pontuais acerca da geologia local, sendo necessárias diversas sondagens para desenvolver um bom entendimento geológico/geotécnico da região, fazendo com que as sondagens representem uma quantidade significativa do orçamento da obra de engenharia. O usode métodos geofísicos permite estudar a subsuperfície por meio indireto, com baixo custo, e possibilita cobrir grandes áreas, quando comparado ao uso exclusivo desondagens diretas. Métodos geofísicos estão sendo cada vez mais utilizados em obras de engenharia, no entanto, o seu uso em projetos de engenharia no Brasil aindaé escasso. Neste trabalho foi utilizado o método de sísmica de refração rasa para estudar a subsuperfície em uma área ao longo do futuro trecho do sistema de metrô de Brasília, Brasil. Os resultados de refração (onda P) foram comparados com os dados pré-existentes de SPT e descrição do solo. A sísmica foi empregada para estudara geologia da subsuperfície, os dados SPT foram utilizados para comparar com os resultados sísmicos. Observou-se uma boa correlação para as profundezas obtidas através de cada método, principalmente na porção norte da linha, região em que o SPT está mais próximo da linha, indicando que os seus resultados são influenciados pelos mesmos parâmetros mecânicos, relacionados com a resistência do solo. Nossos resultados motivam o uso de refração sísmica como uma ferramenta para aperfeiçoar os métodos de investigação direta, com objetivo de gerar uma melhor caracterização geotécnica do meio.Palavras-chave: sísmica de refração rasa, índice de resistência à penetração, estudo geotécnico.


2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-53
Author(s):  
A. Hohannisyan

The article represents the usefulness and peculiarities of one of the collaborative methods, group investigation method in postgraduate educational programme. The base of the given investigation is to demonstrate the results of the above mentioned method practiced in ASPU. The application of the method has got two main goals: to help the students gain much knowledge in a short time limit via individual research work and develop their research work skills and abilities. The article reveals the main characteristic features of group investigation method, as well as its realization steps and their interpretation.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Asuvaran ◽  
G Elatharasan

Abstract The recognition of different classifications of brain irregular tissues is an incredible test in robot-helped Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) that includes connection with the tissues. In this paper, an optical sensor was designed in order to assess the Refractive Index (RI) of various brain tissues while the robotic surgery is performed. This research work is based on the 2-Dimensional (2D) Photonic Crystal (PC) bio-sensor powered by electromagnetic radiation. It reaches the range from UV to IR and is deeply intended to profoundly touch the changes in the refractive index of different tissues. Due to the fact that the refractive index of the abnormal tissues is very different from the normal tissues, the sensor can easily be distinguished the tumors, cancer-infected brain tissues, and normal brain tissues. As a result, the sensor exhibits a different range of frequency, wavelength and amplitude spectra which respond to the small changes that occur in the refractive index of the brain tissue.


Author(s):  
Thomas Müller ◽  
Kathrin Kadel ◽  
Peter Habisreuther ◽  
Dimosthenis Trimis ◽  
Nikolaos Zarzalis ◽  
...  

Detail investigations on the primary breakup of high-viscosity liquids using external-mixing twin-fluid nozzles at increased system pressure are scarce. Therefore, the research work of the present study is focused on the investigation of pressure influence (1 - 11 bar (abs)) on the primary breakup by numerical simulation based on a previously studied nozzle [Müller et al., ASME Turbo Expo 2016, GT2016-56371]. The pressure influence was investigated for two liquids applying a wide range of viscosities (100 mPa s; 400 mPa s) and two atomizing air velocities (58 m/s; 74 m/s). To describe the disintegration process of the fluids, characteristic features like liquid jet morphology, breakup length and breakup frequency were evaluated. The primary breakup was investigated using the open source CFD software OpenFOAM. To gather the morphology of the primary breakup and the flow field characteristics compressible large eddy simulations (LES) were performed and the movement of the gas-liquid interface was captured by means of the Volume of Fluid-Method (VOF). The conducted simulations showed good agreement with experimental results with respect to the characteristic features (e.g. morphology and breakup length) and revealed a decrease of the breakup length with increasing ambient pressure for a constant liquid mass flow and atomizing air velocity. Moreover, those findings will contribute to a better understanding of the physics of the breakup of high-viscosity liquid jets and as well to create an experimentally validated CFD based tool for future burner development and optimization.


Geophysics ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Jakosky ◽  
R. H. Hopper

This paper contains the results of detailed research study to determine the factors which govern the electrical conductivities of oil sands and rocks. The experimental work shows the electrical resistivity to be an inverse function of the percentage of conductive water present in any rock type. It was found that the resistivity‐moisture curve of both petroliferous and non‐petroliferous rock are of a general hyperbolic form. For the higher values of moisture content, the curves rapidly approached the conductivity of the electrolyte contained within the rock or oil sands, while for the lower values of moisture content the resistivity values are high and governed by the properties of the rock. Rocks containing soluble salts have critical points on their resistivity‐moisture curves, with the greatest change occurring in the neighborhood of ten per cent moisture content. Rocks containing fresh water have relatively high resistance values which change fairly uniformly with the variations in moisture content. The research work indicates that the presence of oil does not appreciably effect electrical resistance of the rock. Since the resistivity values are dependent upon the electrolytic effect, the work indicates that resistivity values alone are not a reliable criterion for predicting the presence or absence of an oil sand. The work explains further why high electrical resistivity values are not to be expected when applying electrical geophysical methods for mapping subsurface structure.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Samgyu Park ◽  
Jung Ho Kim ◽  
Young Soo Song ◽  
Mohammad Amjad Sabir ◽  
...  

The highway of Yongweol-ri, Muan-gun, south-western part of the South Korean Peninsula, is underlain by the abandoned of subsurface cavities, which were discovered in 2005. These cavities lie at shallow depths with the range of 5∼15 meters below the ground surface. Numerous subsidence events have repeatedly occurred in the past few years, damaging infrastructure and highway. As a result of continuing subsidence issues, the Korean Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) was requested by local administration to resolve the issue. The KIGAM used geophysical methods to delineate subsurface cavities and improve more refined understanding of the cavities network in the study area. Cement based grouting has been widely employed in the construction industry to reinforce subsurface ground. In this research work, time-lapse electrical resistivity surveys were accomplished to monitor the grouting injection in the subsurface cavities beneath the highway, which have provided a quasi-real-time monitoring for modifying the subsurface cavities related to ground reinforcement, which would be difficult with direct methods. The results obtained from time-lapse electrical resistivity technique have satisfactory imaged the grouting injection experiment in the subsurface cavities beneath the highway. Furthermore, the borehole camera confirmed the presence of grouting material in the subsurface cavities, and hence this procedure increases the mechanical resistance of subsurface cavities below the highway.


2001 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Ibrahim ◽  
V. N. Pilipchuk ◽  
T. Ikeda

A liquid free surface in partially filled containers can experience a wide spectrum of motions such as planar, non-planar, rotational, quasi-periodic, chaotic, and disintegration. Civil engineers and seismologists have been studying liquid sloshing effects on large dams, oil tanks and elevated water towers under ground motion. Since the early 1960’s, the problem of liquid sloshing dynamics has been of major concern to aerospace engineers studying the influence of liquid propellant sloshing on the flight performance of jet vehicles. Since then, new areas of research activities have emerged. The modern theory of nonlinear dynamics has indeed promoted further studies and uncovered complex nonlinear phenomena. These include rotary sloshing, Faraday waves, nonlinear liquid sloshing interaction with elastic structures, internal resonance effects, stochastic sloshing dynamics, hydrodynamic sloshing impact dynamics, g-jitter under microgravity field, cross-waves, and spatial resonance. The dynamic stability of liquid gas tankers and ship cargo tankers, and liquid hydrodynamic impact loading are problems of current interest to the designers of such systems. This article will address the means of passive control of liquid sloshing and the use of liquid sloshing forces to control vibratory structures. Other important contributions include the development of digital computer codes to solve complex problems that were difficult to handle in the past. The purpose of this article is to review the research work developed in different applications. It will highlight the major achievements and results reported in the literature. Some early work will be cited very briefly in order to provide an updated bibliography of liquid sloshing dynamics. This review article contains 1,319 references.


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