A Study of the Relationship between Restorative Servicescapes and  Environmental Behavior : the mediating effect of Eco-friendly Image and the moderation of  Social Norms

Pro-environmental behavior is a solution to overcome environmental problems. Plastic straw waste, which was produced majorly from restaurant’s consumption, has been identified as one of the causes of the environmental damage. This research was conducted to examine the moderation effect of social norms to plastic straw usage among restaurant visitors. The uantitative method was used by using self-report questionnaires to measure descriptive norm, injunctive norm, and personal involvement. Data were collected from 106 respondents whose ages ranged from 18 to 54 years with the proportion of 44% male and 66% female. This study has four hypotheses, namely the injunctive norm moderates the relationship between descriptive norm and pro-environment behavior, personal involvement moderates the relationship between descriptive norm and pro-environmental behavior, descriptive norm moderates the relationship between injunctive norm and pro-environmental behavior, and personal involvement moderates the relationship between injunctive norm and pro-environmental behavior. Statistical analysis using IBM SPSS with the add-on PROCESS Hayes 3.4 was used to test the moderation effect. The study found that there are no significant results from the four hypotheses. Although all hypotheses were not proven, the descriptive norm was proved to have a moderation effect to relationship between the injunctive norm and pro-environmental behavior when the score of descriptive norms is moderate or high. Hence, injunctive norm has potential to increase pro-environment behavior when it is moderated by moderate or high levels of descriptive norm.Keywords: Descriptive norm, injunctive norm, personal involvement, pro- environmental behavior Abstrak: Perilaku peduli lingkungan adalah solusi untuk mengatasi masalah lingkungan. Salah satu penyebab masalah lingkungan dengan begitu banyaknya sampah sedotan plastik. Penelitian ini menguji interaksi moderasi dari norma sosial dan keterlibatan personal terhadap perilaku peduli lingkungan pada pengunjung restoran terkait penggunaan sedotan plastik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif terhadap 106 responden dengan rentang usia dari 18 – 54 tahun dan proporsi gender pria 44% dan perempuan 66%. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah alat ukur norma deskriptif, norma injungtif, dan keterlibatan personal. Penelitian ini menguji empat hipotesis, yakni; norma injungtif memoderasi norma deskriptif terhadap perilaku peduli lingkungan, keterlibatan personal memoderasi norma deskriptif terhadap perilaku peduli lingkungan, norma deskriptif memoderasi norma injungtif terhadap perilaku peduli lingkungan, dan keterlibatan personal memoderasi norma injungtif terhadap terhadap perilaku peduli lingkungan. Analisis statistik menggunakan IBM SPSS dengan add-on PROCESS Hayes 3.4 untuk melihat efek moderasi tersebut. Hasilnya, keempat hipotesis tidak terbukti. Meskipun keempat hipotesis ditolak tetapi norma deskriptif, ketika berada nilai moderat dan tinggi, memiliki pengaruh interaksi dalam memoderasi peran norma injungtif terhadap perilaku peduli lingkungan, Sehingga norma injungtif yang dimoderasi oleh norma deskriptif berpotensi untuk meningkatkan perilaku peduli lingkungan.

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Determinants of pro-environmental behavior among excessive smartphone usage children and moderate smartphone usage children in Taiwan

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11635 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11635

Author(s):

Wei-Ta Fang ◽

Eric Ng ◽

Shu-Mei Liu ◽

Yi-Te Chiang ◽

Mei-Chuan Chang

Keyword(s):

Social Norms ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Environmental Behavior ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Direct Path ◽

Environmental Behaviors ◽

Personal Norms ◽

Inadequate Knowledge

Introduction Although there is evidence linking the relationships between smartphone usage with health, stress, and academic performance, there is still inadequate knowledge about the influence on pro-environmental behaviors. This study seeks to bridge this gap by adapting the theory of attribution framework to examine the effects of personal norms, social norms, perceived behavioral control on pro-environmental behavior of smartphone usage in children. Methods A total of 225 children aged between 11 to 12 from eight selected public primary schools at the Hsinchu Science and Industrial Park in Taiwan were surveyed. Two distinct groups (excessive versus moderate usage) were purposefully selected for comparison, of which 96 participants were excessive smartphone users while the remaining 129 were moderate smartphone users. Results Findings revealed significant differences between excessive and moderate smartphone usage children groups in personal norms (p < 0.001), social norms (p = 0.002), perceived behavioral control (p = 0.001), and pro-environmental behavior (p = 0.001). Findings for excessive smartphone usage children showed that social norms (β = 0.428, t = 4.096***, p < 0.001) had a direct predictive impact on pro-environmental behavior. In contrast, while there was no direct path established between personal norms and pro-environmental behavior (β = 0.177, t = 1.580, p > 0.05), as well as social norms and pro-environmental behavior for moderate smartphone usage children (β = 0.181, t = 1.924, p > 0.05), but such a relationship could be developed through the mediating effect of perceived behavioral control (β = 0.497, t = 4.471***, p < 0.001). Discussion The results suggested that excessive smartphone usage children lack positive perceived behavioral control, and their pro-environmental behavior could only be predicted through explicit social norms, whereas pro-environmental behavior of moderate smartphone usage children was implicitly influenced by personal norms through perceived behavioral control.

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Determinants of pro-environmental behavior among excessive smartphone usage children and moderate smartphone usage children in Taiwan

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18596/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wei-Ta Fang ◽

Eric Ng ◽

Shumei Liu ◽

Yi-Te Chiang ◽

Mei-Chuan Chang

Keyword(s):

Social Norms ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Environmental Behavior ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Direct Path ◽

Environmental Behaviors ◽

Personal Norms ◽

Inadequate Knowledge

Abstract Background: Although there are evidences linking the relationships between smartphone usage with health, stress, and academic performance; however, there is still inadequate knowledge about the influence on pro-environmental behaviors. This study seeks to bridge this gap by adapting the theory of attribution framework to examine the effects of personal norms, social norms, perceived behavioral control on pro-environmental behavior of smartphone usage in children. Methods: A total of 225 children aged between 11 to 12 from eight selected public primary schools at the Hsinchu Science and Industrial Park in Taiwan were surveyed. Two distinct groups (excessive versus moderate usage) were purposefully selected for comparison, and of which 96 (42.7%) participants were regarded as excessive smartphone users while the remaining 129 (57.3%) were moderate smartphone users. Results: Findings revealed significant differences between excessive smartphone usage children and moderate smartphone usage children in personal norms ( p < 0.001), social norms ( p = 0.002), perceived behavioral control ( p = 0.001), and pro-environmental behavior ( p = 0.001), where moderate smartphone usage children’s responses were considerably higher than those of excessive smartphone usage children. Path analysis suggested that the two smartphone usage groups had different pro-environmental behavior paths. For excessive smartphone usage children, findings showed that social norms ( β = 0.428, t = 4.096***, p <0.001) had a direct predictive impact on pro-environmental behavior. In contrast, while there was no direct path established between personal norms and pro-environmental behavior ( β = 0.177, t = 1.580, p > 0.05), as well as social norms and pro-environmental behavior for moderate smartphone usage children ( β = 0.181, t = 1.924, p >0.05), but such a relationship could be developed through the mediating effect of perceived behavioral control ( β = 0.497, t = 4.471***, p < 0.001). Conclusions: In conclusion, findings suggested that excessive smartphone usage children lack positive perceived behavioral control, and their pro-environmental behavior could only be predicted through explicit social norms. Whereas, pro-environmental behavior of moderate smartphone usage children were implicitly influenced by personal norms through perceived behavioral control.

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Proposing Stewardship Theory as an Alternate to Explain the Relationship between CSR and Employees’ Pro-Environmental Behavior

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158558 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8558

Author(s):

Shah Ali Murtaza ◽

Asif Mahmood ◽

Saima Saleem ◽

Naveed Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Suhail Sharif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Environmental Behavior ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Stewardship Theory ◽

Environmental Footprint ◽

Specific Behavior ◽

Bank Employees ◽

Corporate Social ◽

The Relationship

The aim of the current analysis is to test the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and employee’s pro-environmental behavior (E-PEB) with the mediating effect of servant leadership (SL). The data of the current study were collected from banking employees (n = 392) serving in different banks of Pakistan through a self-administered (paper–pencil method) questionnaire and analyzed by employing structural equation modeling (SEM). The empirical results revealed that CSR directly influences E-PEB; however, this relationship is better explained in the presence of SL as a mediator (mediation explained 35% variation in E-PEB). The findings of this analysis will help academia and the banking industry improve their understanding of CSR to shape employees’ environment-specific behavior. Further, these findings will also help to deal with climate change by engaging the bank employees in different environment-specific activities to improve the overall environmental footprint of a bank.

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