scholarly journals Brain reactivity to emotional stimuli in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder and related personality characteristics

Aging ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingzhou Gao ◽  
Mingqi Qiao ◽  
Li An ◽  
Guangbin Wang ◽  
Jieqiong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Related Personality

Task Involvement and Satisficing with Motivational Scales

1995 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-223
Author(s):  
Frank W. Wicker ◽  
Yehsoon Park ◽  
Erin McCann ◽  
Douglas Hamman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Rating Task ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Task Involvement ◽  
Strong Potential ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Source Of Error ◽  
Related Personality ◽  
Rating Bias

Three measures related to motivation to perform a rating task accurately were obtained from 49 students, who also performed goal-attribute ratings. Less motivated students surpassed more motivated ones on several indices of rating bias. Previous evidence for differential relationships among goal attributes was clearly replicated only with the ratings of more motivated subjects. These findings suggest that many respondents may strive for “satisfactory” rather than optimal goal ratings (“satisficing”), that this tendency is a strong potential source of error with such data, but that individual differences related to satisficing may be used to examine such effects and partially bracket them out. It is suggested that measures of subjects' motivation or other related personality characteristics be routinely gathered when multiple ratings from subjects are required.

Impact of Sex-Role Values on Cognitive Performance

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1251-1256
Author(s):  
Barbara Goebel ◽  
Elizabeth Harris
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Cognitive Variables ◽  
School Students ◽  
Role Stereotype ◽  
Related Personality

In a sample of 240 high school students cognitive performance differences related to sex, sex-role stereotype, and dissonance between perceived and ideal levels of masculinity/femininity were investigated. Three-way analysis of variance (Scheffé follow-up tests) showed significant interactions on three cognitive variables when stereotype was combined with dissonance. Students scoring higher on cognitive variables expressed dissonance in the direction of valuing more masculine personality traits. Results suggest that a catalyst with regard to individual differences in cognitive performance is the value placed on sex-related personality characteristics rather than sex or sex-role stereotype.

Worrying in the Lab: Does Intolerance of Uncertainty Have Predictive Value?

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolijn Olivia de Bruin ◽  
Eric Rassin ◽  
Peter Muris
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
State Worry ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Related Personality ◽  
And Task

AbstractThe present article describes two experimental studies investigating whether individual differences in intolerance of uncertainty (IU) predict worry in response to uncertain situations. In both studies, undergraduate students completed the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS; Freeston, Rheaume, Letarte, Dugas, & Ladouceur, 1994) and then completed an intelligence task, which was thought to elicit feelings of uncertainty. After completing the task, state worry was measured. Results of both studies showed that there were positive correlations between IUS scores and task-related state worry. Furthermore, Study 2 showed that individual differences in IU only were predictive of worry in a situation that elicits low to medium levels of uncertainty, and not in a situation high in uncertainty. Thus, only under certain conditions IU-related personality characteristics seem to be predictive of worrisome thoughts.

The Jobs of British Primary Headteachers and Texas Elementary Principals

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 418-447
Author(s):  
David A. Erlandson ◽  
Geoffrey Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary School Principals ◽  
Elementary Principals ◽  
School Principals ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Context Factors ◽  
Related Personality

A study of the jobs of 255 headteachers in England and Wales was replicated with twenty elementary school principals in Texas. These studies examined the most important and most time-consuming tasks of the headteachers’ and principals’ jobs, the context factors of the jobs, and the work-related personality characteristics of the job incumbents. The results of the study have been used as a tool for the professional development of the twenty principals; they also suggest direction for further exploration of comparisons and contrasts between jobs of headteachers and principals.

Psychopathy-Related Personality Traits and Shame Management Strategies in Adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus B T. Nyström ◽  
Fredrik Mikkelsen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Internalized Shame ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Related Personality

The purpose of this study was to examine whether there is a correlation between the amount of psychopathy-related personality traits and the type of shame management in adolescents. Two hypotheses were examined; first, that there is a positive correlation between psychopathy-related personality traits and more unconscious and externalized shame management strategies, and second, that there is a negative correlation between psychopathy-related personality traits and more conscious and internalized shame management strategies. Gender differences were also examined. In total, 236 participants were available for the study. All were secondary-level students, aged 16 to 21 years. Of these, 196 were examined: 96 were male and 100 female. The study used two self-assessment forms—the Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory (YPI) and the Compass of Shame Scale (CoSS)—to measure the relevant personality characteristics. The results indicated gender differences, which led to all the analyses being conducted separately for males and females. Support was found for the study’s first hypothesis, but not for the second, which was true for both males and females. Our results may have implications for the treatment of adolescents with a high percentage of psychopathy-related personality traits; they also indicate the need for more research on the association between psychopathy and shame management.

Sociometric Status and Related Personality Characteristics of Mainstreamed Learning Disabled Adolescents

1983 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry F. Perlmutter ◽  
Jennifer Crocker ◽  
David Cordray ◽  
Dean Garstecki
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Disabled Students ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Decoding Ability ◽  
Related Personality

Learning disabled adolescents rated each other, and were rated by nondisabled classmates and teachers within special education and lower track mainstreamed classes. Results demonstrated that, while disabled subjects were generally less well liked than their peers, a subgroup of the disabled sample was very well regarded. Additionally, most of the remaining disabled subjects were rated in the neutral, rather than the disliked range. Behavioral differences between disabled and nondisabled, and popular versus unpopular disabled subjects were also examined. Comparisons of ratings by teachers in mainstreamed and special education classes revealed that special education teachers tended to view disabled students as less socially, but more academically competent than did teachers in mainstreamed classrooms. Additional areas related to social adaptation, such as ratio of disabled to nondisabled students in a class and social decoding ability, were also examined and discussed.

Relationship between Extraversion and Assertiveness and Related Personality Characteristics

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1187-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Averett ◽  
Donald L. McManis
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eysenck Personality Inventory ◽  
Extreme Groups ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Psychological Inventory ◽  
Related Personality

103 college students were assessed for extraversion level on the Eysenck Personality Inventory and for assertiveness on the Adult Self-expression Scale. A significant correlation of .46 indicated a substantial positive relationship between these characteristics. Subjects were classified as being low, medium, or high on both characteristics, and it was determined that those scoring at either extreme on one variable were about equally distributed between the same extreme and the medium level on the other variable. Nine subjects scoring congruently at each level on both extraversion and assertiveness were also given the California Psychological Inventory to explore general personality trait differences between the two extreme groups. Low extraversion—low assertiveness subjects scored significantly lower than high—high subjects on scales measuring poise, ascendancy, self-assurance, and interpersonal adequacy but significantly higher on scales measuring socialization, maturity, responsibility, and intrapersonal structuring of values.

scholarly journals Temperament and Character in Psychotic Depression Compared with Other Subcategories of Depression and Normal Controls

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap G. Goekoop ◽  
Remco F. P. De Winter
Keyword(s):  
Personality Change ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Acute Episode ◽  
Psychotic Depression ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Central State ◽  
Full Remission ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Related Personality

Background. Support has been found for high harm avoidance as general vulnerability trait for depression and decreased self-directedness (SD) as central state-related personality change. Additional personality characteristics could be present in psychotic depression (PD). Increased noradrenergic activation in PD predicts the involvement of reward dependence (RD).Methods. The data during the acute episode and after full remission from the same subjects, that we used before, were reanalyzed. The dependence of the 7 dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory version 9 on PD, three other subcategories of depression, and a group of normal controls was tested by MANCOVA.Results. Low RD at both time points, and low Cooperativeness during the acute episode, were found as additional characteristics of PD.Conclusion. The combination of two premorbid temperaments, high HA and low RD, and the development of a state-related reduction of two character functions, SD and CO, may be the precondition for the development of combined depressive and psychotic psychopathology.

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