scholarly journals Looking into Pandora's Box between "Everything" and "But" -Depression, Pain of Losses the Next Pandemic of Humanity?

Author(s):  
Mioara Grigoras ◽  
◽  
Anamaria Ciubara ◽  

This Article seeks to give an overview of how the pandemic has affected society throughout this period, which can be a source of many mental health problems. As in the Spanish influenza pandemic, the COVID-19 pandemic and the imposition of measures of social separation, isolation and limitation of contact with other people were, and are still, a major stress factor. The stress associated with this period disrupted the functioning of people both individually and socially, being the main factor of the phenomenon called compensation. Under the current circumstances, people have a predisposition for emotional disorders such as: Anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia, anger, Emotional depletion and including post-traumatic symptoms of disorder, according to recent studies by the Lancet analyzing the psychological effects of quarantine. The COVID-19 crisis has a wide range of effects on our mental and emotional health: From negative emotions with greater intensity and duration, such as anxiety and depression, to unfinished emotional mourning, linked both to the loss of loved ones and even to emotional and relational disconnection. Also, all that has happened in recent times makes us live in “collective pain” , we have lost our right to travel without restrictions or the freedom to participate in sad events or family and community joy, we have lost family or friends. In many cases of these losses, the strands of the dollar are also being cut, which is why people need additional support. We need to find solutions to this, because we have to deal with the natural grief caused by human disappearance, as we know it, but also an isolation characteristic of the suffering process that now overlaps the physical isolation imposed by the epidemic. Another important aspect is to prevent instability in the psycho-social element of the human Community. It is clear that there is a need to impose safety measures both jointly and individually. Psychological aspects should be addressed early, so that measures can be taken to reduce the psychological costs of pandemic, perceived isolation and to address uncertainties that can give rise to anxiety and depression. Addressing psychological issues has effects not only in the short term, motivating adherence to pandemic measures, but also in the long term, through lower incidence of post-traumatic stress, anxiety, depression, substance abuse, etc. The fastest change expected after this crisis will be the individual one, each crisis is a chance for every person to look further.


2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-201
Author(s):  
Herbert C. Covey ◽  
Leah McCoy Grubb ◽  
Robert J. Franzese ◽  
Scott Menard

The present study investigates how adolescent exposure to violence (AEV), in the form of parental physical abuse, witnessing parental violence, and exposure to violence in the neighborhood, is related to adult anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder, controlling for more general adolescent violent victimization and for self-reports and parent reports of mental health problems in adolescence, on a national household-based probability sample of individuals who were adolescents in the mid-1970s and who were followed through early adulthood in the early 2000s. The results suggest that AEV is associated with mental health problems in adolescence but not, controlling for other variables, in adulthood, but there is continuity in mental health problems associated with AEV from adolescence to adulthood.



2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Y.A. Kochetova ◽  
M.V. Klimakova

The number of studies examining the mental state of people in the covid-19 pandemic is increasing. The problem of mental state of people in a pandemic is important for determining the direction of psychological assistance in the practical work of psychologists and people of assisting professions, as it allows taking into account a number of important factors essential in the organization of this work. The purpose of the article is to review foreign studies of the mental state of different groups of people (health workers, persons who have certain diseases and need assistance; persons who do not have diseases and are part of the so called normal group) in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies examining the manifestations of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, insomnia in this epidemiological environment are considered. The results of studies showing the role of the media in shaping anxiety and fears among medical professionals are presented. The relationship between personality traits and a certain style of emotional and behavioral reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic has been analyzed. A deep understanding of these psychological processes will help develop and implement more effective preventive programs for emotional disorders such as anxiety, stress and depression arising during the COVID-19 pandemic.



2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 884-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip Kumar ◽  
HP Raghuveer ◽  
NT Prashanth ◽  
ES Shobha ◽  
Vinod Rangan ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Background This study was performed to identify and compare the presence of and the levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression and if any change in sexual functioning is present in patients with disfiguring facial injuries, nondisfiguring facial injuries and visible extremity injuries. Materials and methods A total of 378 patients from multi modal trauma centers in Bengaluru city were included for the study. A total of 153 patients were those who had disfiguring facial injuries, 111 patients with nondisfiguring facial injuries and 114 patients had sustained a visible extremity injury that was not covered by clothing (disfigurement /scarring). The assessments were carried out at three time intervals (the date of discharge, 1 month postoperatively and 6 months postoperatively) of the follow-up. The impact of events scale (IES), the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and changes in sexual functioning questionnaire (CSFQ) were used. Results Statistically significant higher means of IES, HADS (both for anxiety and depression) were present in patients with disfiguring facial injuries compared to patients with nondisfiguring facial injuries and visible extremity injuries and this was present at all three study intervals (date of discharge, 1st postoperative month and 6th postoperative month). There was a statistically significant change in the means of CSFQ scores of visible extremity injuries compared to other groups at the date of discharge bordering on sexual dysfunction, there was a raise in CSFQ scores among all three groups at the 1st postoperative month and the 6th postoperative month which was above the dysfunction cut-off. Conclusion The results of this study led to the conclusion that in comparison with patients who had sustained disfiguring facial injuries, nondisfiguring facial injuries and visible extremity/ orthopedic injuries, the mean IES scores, HADS scores for both anxiety and depression of the facial disfiguring injury patients was higher at all three study intervals (date of discharge, 1st postoperative month and 6 months postoperatively), indicating higher PTSD levels, anxiety and depression in patients with disfiguring facial injuries, CSFQ scores were above the cutoff suggested at the 1st month and 6th month postoperative indicating no sexual dysfunction in all the three groups. How to cite this article Prashanth NT, Raghuveer HP, Kumar D, Shobha ES, Rangan V, Rao TSS. A Comparative Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety, Depression and Change in Sexual Functioning of Patients with Facial Injuries and Patients with Extremity Injuries. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(11): 884-892.



2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-215927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Cheng Fan ◽  
Shu Yao Zhang ◽  
Yong Cheng

BackgroundThe COVID-19 has had an enormous impact worldwide and is still spreading. Globally confirmed infections have surpassed 41.1 million, of which more than 1 million resulted in deaths. Considering the relationship between public health disasters and emotional disorders, it is essential to examine psychological well-being related to this pandemic.MethodWe performed a systematic search on psychological problems from PubMed to 10 October 2020, and conducted a meta-analysis using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V.3 software.ResultsThe results showed a 19.4% and 26.8% pooled incidence for depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), respectively, during the SARS and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-related coronavirus outbreaks. However, overall prevalence of depression was somewhat higher at 27.0% during the COVID-19 period. The pooled incidence of PTSD during COVID-19 compared with SARS and MERS outbreaks, was lower, at 16.4%.ConclusionThe results suggest that there are shared and distinct psychological responses following SARS, MERS and COVID-19, and show pessimistic estimates of a wide range of potentially upcoming psychological problems.



2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
Thalia Audina

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia, apart from having an impact on physical health, also has an impact on psychological or mental health. Psychological impacts during the pandemic include post-traumatic stress disorder,  depression,  anxiety,  frustration,  fear of infection, insomnia, and feeling helpless. Aim: This study was conducted to determine the impact of Covid-19 on mental health, as well as to find out strategies in dealing with these impacts so that they survive in the Covid-19 pandemic era. Methods: This study uses literature with the object of mental health research during the Covid-19 pandemic, several journal sources and related articles are reviewed and grouped. Results: This study shows that Covid-19 has an impact on mental health by people in various parts of the world. In Indonesia, mental health problems, such as anxiety, depression, trauma due to the Covid-19 pandemic are also being felt in real terms at this time. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has a major impact on mental health. The government's strategy and community participation are expected to be able to face mental health challenges due to the Covid-19 pandemic.



PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246515
Author(s):  
Jeremiah W. Acharibasam ◽  
Batholomew Chireh ◽  
Hayelom G. Menegesha

Background During health disaster events such as the current devastating havoc being inflicted on countries globally by the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic, mental health problems among survivors and frontline workers are likely concerns. However, during such health disaster events, stakeholders tend to give more precedence to the socio-economic and biomedical health consequences at the expense of mental health. Meanwhile, studies show that regardless of the kind of disaster/antecedent, all traumatic events trigger similar post-traumatic stress symptoms among survivors, families, and frontline workers. Thus, our study investigated the prevalence of anxiety, depression and insomnia symptoms among survivors of the 2014–2016 Ebola virus disease that plagued the West African sub-region. Methods We systematically retrieved peer-reviewed articles published between 1970 and 2019 from seven electronic databases, including Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus, Springer Link, Web of Science on Ebola and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. A comprehensive hand search complemented this literature search. Of the 87 articles retrieved, only 13 met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. Results After heterogeneity, influence, and publication bias analysis, our meta-analysis pooled proportion effects estimates showed a moderate to a high prevalence of anxiety (14%; 99% CI: 0.05–0.30), depression (15%; 99% CI: 0.11–0.21), and insomnia (22%; 99% CI: 0.13–0.36). Effect estimates ranging from (0.13; 99% CI: 0.05, 0.28) through to (0.11; 99% CI: 0.05–0.22), (0.15; 99% CI: 0.09–0.25) through to (0.13; 99% CI: 0.08–0.21) and (0.23; 99% CI: 0.11–0.41) to (0.23; 99% CI: 0.11–0.41) were respectively reported for anxiety, depression and insomnia symptoms. These findings suggest a significant amount of EVD survivors are struggling with anxiety, depression and insomnia symptoms. Conclusion Our study provided the first-ever meta-analysis evidence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms among EVD survivors, and suggest that the predominant biomedical health response to regional and global health disasters should be complemented with trauma-related mental health services.



Author(s):  
Kalamani Dhamodhini ◽  
Muthappan Sendhilkumar

Mental disorders comprise a wide range of mental health problems with different symptoms. The most of the mental health disorders can be successfully treated with proper treatment and care by health facilities. The yoga founders were great saints and sages from India. The great Yogis presented rational interpretation of their experiences of yoga and brought about a practical and scientifically sound method within every one’s reach. Yoga nidra effectively provides impact on stress, anxiety levels, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms like rage and anxiety and increased feelings of relaxation and peace after yoga nidra as a therapy.



2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Thapa ◽  
Lumeshor Acharya ◽  
Bhup Dev Bhatta ◽  
Suman Bhatta Paneru ◽  
Jai Bahadur Khattri ◽  
...  

Background: Prevalence of anxiety, depression and post traumatic stress disorder is high after earthquake. The aim of the study is to study the prevalence and comorbidity of commonly occurring psychological symptoms in people exposed to Nepal mega earthquake in 2015 after a year of the event.Methods: A community based, cross sectional, descriptive study was carried out in Bhumlichaur area of Gorkha district, Nepal after around 14 months of the first major earthquake. We used self-reporting questionnaire 20, Posttraumatic stress disorder 8 and hospital anxiety and depression scale to screen for presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression or post-traumatic stress disorder in this population. The risk of having these disorders according to different socio-demographic variable was assessed by calculating odds ratio. All calculations were done using predictive and analytical software (PASW) version 16.0.Results: A total of 198 participants were included in the final data analysis. The mean age of study participants was 35.13 years (SD=18.04). Borderline anxiety symptoms were found in 104 (52.5%) while significant anxiety symptoms were found in 40 (20%) of respondents. Borderline depressive symptoms were seen in 40 (20%) while significant depressive symptoms were seen in 16 (8%) of subjects. Around 27% (n= 53) of respondents were classified as having post-traumatic stress disorder.Conclusions: The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder seems to be high even after one year in people exposed to earthquake.



2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-Dong Chen ◽  
Jun-Jie Tang ◽  
Shuang Feng ◽  
Hua Huang ◽  
Feng-Nian Lu ◽  
...  

: Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, abundant in honeysuckle and eucommia, has a wide range of biological activities, and pharmacological effects. Previous studies have shown that CGA can regulate learning, memory, cognitive ability, coupled with improvement to anxiety, depression, and other post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-like symptoms. This article explores the protective effects of CGA on neurons, through its anti-apoptotic effect, inhibition of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which may be the mechanisms of its improvement of PTSD-like symptoms. It may provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PTSD and its comorbidities.



2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Μαρία Κούρτη

Introduction: Patient’s admission in ICU is often a stressful event for patient’s family. Symptoms of anxiety and depression can occur in family members of the patients and affect the way relatives conceive the whole situation. This is the reason why the ICU staff has to evaluate and fulfill the needs of patients’ relatives in order to soften their pain, provide supportive care during difficult situations and make easier for them the hospitalization of their beloved person in ICU. The evaluation of family needs provides staff with useful information in order to improve family satisfaction and also helps doctors and nurses to provide care in patients, according to their families’ wish. Aim of the study: To evaluate symptoms of anxiety, depression and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in families of ICU patients, and also to evaluate the relation between these symptoms and a) family satisfaction with patient care, b) family satisfaction with decision making and c) total family satisfaction. Methods: A prospective study, with repeating measurements, in which 102 family members (62 female and 40 male), between 19-82 years old (mean age: 48,5±14,9), of patients in ICU at a large public hospital in Athens participated. The questionnaires of the study were distributed to the relatives from August 2008-August 2010 and always after doctors’ informing them about patient’s condition. Three scales were used: a) HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), in order to evaluate symptoms of anxiety and depression, b) IES-R (Impact of Event Scale-Revised), a very useful tool in order to evaluate the degree some stressful events (pleasant or unpleasant) affect people’s everyday life and c) FS-ICU 24 scale (Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit-24), that measures family satisfaction with care and family satisfaction with decision making. Two measurements took place: The first one 7-10 days from the admission of the patient in the ICU and the second one (to the same relative) after 15-20 days from the admission. Patients’ health condition was evaluated with the A.P.A.CH.E II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) score before each measurement. The criterion for the supplementation of the questionnaire was the patient to be intubated for 48 hours at least and the relative have visited him for two times in a row, for more than 10 minutes. Results: 62% of the relatives face severe symptoms of anxiety, over 50% face severe symptoms of depression and almost 68% severe symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Symptoms of anxiety and depression were related with symptoms of PTSD in relatives (p<0,05), but no relation was found between these symptoms and patient’s health condition, according to APACHE II score (p>0,05). Family satisfaction with care (mean score) was diminished from 76 in first measurement, to 71 in second measurement (p<0,05). The level of family satisfaction with decision making was invariable between two measurements and mean scores were about 70 (p>0,05). Mean scores about total satisfaction fluctuated between 71-72 during the first and the second measurement too, with no statistically important variation (p>0,05). No correlation was found between symptoms of anxiety-depression –PTSD, and family satisfaction with care (p>0,05). On the contrary, family satisfaction with decision making and total satisfaction was correlated with symptoms of anxiety in patient’s relatives (p<0,05). Conclusions: Relatives of ICU patients face severe symptoms of anxiety, depression and PTSD during the whole stay of patients in ICU. The majority considers patient’s hospitalization in ICU as a stressful event that has unsettled everyday life and tries to avoid it. These symptoms seem not to particularly affect the level of family satisfaction; nevertheless, the ICU staff must retrace, evaluate and confront them in order severe future psychological problems to the relatives be prevented.



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