scholarly journals Szacowanie ilości materii organicznej na podstawie zawartości pierwiastków śladowych

Nafta-Gaz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Anna Przelaskowska ◽  
◽  
Urszula Zagórska ◽  
Maja Mroczkowska-Szerszeń ◽  
Konrad Ziemianin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Black Shales ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer

Many trace elements are associated with organic matter. The total organic carbon (TOC) content can be thus calculated basing on the chemical composition measurements. The aim of the presented paper was to evaluate the possibility of estimating the organic matter amount on the basis of trace elements such as: Ni, Cu, Mo, U, V, Zn, Cr, Sr, Pb and Co, for Silurian black shales. Correlations between individual elements and total organic carbon were analysed. Next, mathematical models allowing to calculate the amount of organic matter based on the content of elements significantly related to TOC were constructed. Both more accurate chemical composition analyses (ICP-MS mass spectrometry method) and measurements of lower detectability performed with portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer EDXRF were used. The relationships between the content of trace elements and the total organic carbon content TOC were found for such elements as: V, Cu, U, Ni, Mo, Cr (ICP-MS) and V, Cu , Cr and Ni (XRF). Mathematical models allowing for TOC quantification based on trace elements, characterized by determination coefficients R2 from 0.84 to 0.92 (for ICP MS method) and from 0.75 to 0.78 (for XRF method) were obtained with the use of the multiple regression method. The mathematical models allow to calculate the content of organic matter TOC for Silurian black shales on the basis of trace element data obtained by both mass spectrometry ICP-MS and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry EDXRF. The possibility of using measurements made with a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer is particularly important. Such measurements are fast and can be carried out on cuttings during the drilling process. Models based on XRF results therefore allow for quick modelling of the TOC content during the drilling process.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ASSISTÊNCIA MEMBER, IRATI FORMATION, PARANÁ BASIN, BRAZIL: ORGANIC MATTER AND MINERALOGY / CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO MEMBRO DO ASSISTÊNCIA, FORMAÇÃO IRATI, BACIA DO PARANÁ, BRASIL: MATÉRIA ORGÂNICA E MINERALOGIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werlem Holanda ◽  
Sergio Bergamaschi ◽  
Anderson Costa dos Santos ◽  
René Rodrigues ◽  
Luiz Carlos Bertolino
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Irati Formation ◽  
Paraná Basin ◽  
Rock Eval ◽  
Parana Basin

Currently, the Irati Formation, in Paraná Basin, Brazil, represents one of the world's largest reserves of oil shale. Among the shale-derived products stands out the fuel oil, gas, naphtha, fuel, liquefied gas, and sulfur, in addition to byproducts that can be used by the asphalt, cement, agricultural, and ceramics industries. This study describes and illustrates features of organic-rich shales of the Lower Permian Assistência Member, Irati Formation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was combined with energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometric (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), total organic carbon (TOC), total sulfur (S), insoluble residue (IR) and Rock-Eval pyrolysis to characterize the mineral composition, organic matter distribution and different types of pore at the micrometer scale. These analyses were performed on samples from well SP-32-PR located in the Sapopema township, Northeast Paraná State, in South of Brazil. The investigations demonstrated that the Assistance Member has high total organic carbon (TOC) content, generation potential (S2) and hydrogen index (HI), but is in an immature stage. The mineralogical content of the Assistência Member presents intervals rich in quartz, plagioclase, carbonates and clay minerals. Pores distribution includes intraparticle within organic matter and interparticle pores in pyrite framboids, surrounding quartz grains and between organic matter and mineral grains. ResumoAtualmente, a Formação Irati, na Bacia do Paraná, no Brasil, representa uma das maiores reservas mundiais de Petróleo de xisto. Entre os produtos derivados do xisto, destacam-se o óleo combustível, gás, nafta, combustível, gás liquefeito e enxofre, além de subprodutos que podem ser utilizados pelas indústrias de asfalto, cimento, agricultura e cerâmica. Este estudo descreve e ilustra características de xistos ricos em matéria orgânica do Membro Permiano Inferior Assistência, Formação Irati. Microscopia eletrônica de varredura (SEM) foi combinada com Espectrometria de Raios-X de energia dispersiva (EDS), Difração de Raios-X (XRD), carbono orgânico total (COT), enxofre total (S), resíduo insolúvel (IV) e pirólise Rock-Eval para a caracterização da composição mineral, distribuição da matéria orgânica e diferentes tipos de poros à escala micrométrica. Essas análises foram realizadas em amostras do poço SP-32-PR localizadas no município de Sapopema, no nordeste do Paraná, no sul do Brasil. As investigações demonstraram que o Membro de Assistência possui elevado teor de carbono orgânico total (TOC), potencial de geração (S2) e índice de hidrogênio (HI), mas está em um estágio imaturo. O conteúdo mineralógico do Membro Assistência apresenta intervalos ricos em quartzo, plagioclásio, carbonatos e minerais argilosos. A distribuição dos poros inclui intra-partículas na matéria orgânica e poros inter-partículas em framboides de pirita, nos grãos de quartzo circundantes e na matéria orgânica e noutros grãos minerais.

scholarly journals ESTRATIGRAFIA E SEDIMENTOLOGIA DA FORMAÇÃO CARRANCAS, GRUPO BAMBUÍ, NAS REGIÕES DE BELO HORIZONTE E PITANGUI, MG

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel J. Uhlein ◽  
Jorge F.M.G. de Carvalho ◽  
Alexandre Uhlein ◽  
Fabrício de A. Caxito ◽  
Galen P. Halverson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Black Shales ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Southern Margin ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Distinct Unit ◽  
Belo Horizonte

A Formação Carrancas, aflorante próximo à região de Belo Horizonte (MG), forma a base do Grupo Bambuí (Neoproterozoico) naporção sul do Cráton do São Francisco. Neste trabalho, duas principais áreas de afloramento desta unidade foram estudadas. A primeira,denominada Área Pitangui, localiza-se a leste de Pitangui (MG) e a segunda, denominada Área BR-040, encontra-se a sul de Sete Lagoas(MG). Na Área Pitangui, a Formação Carrancas é composta por conglomerados, arenitos, pelitos e dolomitos subdivididos em quatroassociações distintas e sobrepostas às rochas metamórficas neoarqueanas do Supergrupo Rio das Velhas. Na Área BR-040 afloram gnaissesmigmatíticos do embasamento arqueano (Complexo Belo Horizonte), sobrepostos pela Formação Carrancas, onde predominam pelitos eritmitos. Em ambas as áreas de estudo, folhelhos negros podem apresentar teores de carbono orgânico total (COT) em valores variandoentre 0,4 e 1,5%. Os dolomitos róseos da Área Pitangui, em contato gradacional com ritmitos e pelitos da Formação Carrancas, apresentamaltos valores de δ13C, entre +7,1 e +9,6‰VPDB. Esses valores são incompatíveis com os valores regionais usualmente encontrados para abase da Formação Sete Lagoas, sugerindo que esses dolomitos constituem um litotipo distinto pertencente à Formação Carrancas, nãodescrito anteriormente. Nas duas áreas estudadas a Formação Carrancas é interpretada como produto de fluxos gravitacionais depositadosem calhas no embasamento da borda sul do Cráton do São Francisco, controladas por falhamentos em borda de bacia. O isolamento dessascalhas em relação ao mar aberto favoreceu a acumulação de matéria orgânica, como sugerido pelas intercalações de folhelhos negros epelos altos valores de δ13C nos dolomitos no topo da sequência.Palavras chave: Grupo Bambuí; Formação Carrancas; Sedimentação gravitacional; Bacia restrita ABSTRACT STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY OF THE CARRANCAS FORMATION, BAMBUÍ GROUP, NEAR BELO HORIZONTE ANDPITANGUI - MG - The Carrancas Formation crops out in the vicinity of Belo Horizonte (MG) and represents the base of Bambuí Group at thesouthern margin of São Francisco Craton. In this paper, two important areas have been studied. The first one, named Pitangui Area islocated east of Pitangui (MG). The second area, named BR-040 Area is situated south of Sete Lagoas (MG). In the Pitangui Area theneoproterozoic sedimentary rocks from Carrancas Formation are represented by conglomerates, sandstones, rhythmites, pelites anddolomites subdivided into 4 different associations, and overlying neoarchean metamorphic rocks from Rio das Velhas Supergroup. In theBR-040 Area the Carrancas Formation consists mainly of rhythmites and pelites overlying archean migmatitic gneisses of Belo HorizonteComplex. In both areas, black shales can reach values of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in a range of 0,4 to 1,5%. The base of pink dolomitefrom Pitangui Area is in gradational contact with the rhythmites and pelites and has high values of δ13C (+7,1 to +9,6%). These values areincompatible with the regional values of the base of the Sete Lagoas Formation, reinforcing that these dolomites are a distinct unit insidethe Carrancas Formation, not previously described. In both areas the Carrancas Formation is interpreted as a product of gravitational flowsdeposited on basement channels controlled by faults at the southern margin of the São Francisco Craton. The isolation of these channelsrelative to the open sea favored the accumulation of organic matter, suggested by intercalations of black shales and by high values of δ13Cin dolomites at the top of the sequence.Keywords: Stratigraphy; Carrancas Formation; Bambuí Group; Neoproterozoic

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of fine particular matter in Changzhou, China and source apportionment with offline aerosol mass spectrometry

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaolian Ye ◽  
Jiashu Liu ◽  
Aijun Gu ◽  
Feifei Feng ◽  
Yuhai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Traffic Emissions ◽  
Aerosol Mass

Abstract. Knowledge on aerosol chemistry in densely populated regions is critical for reduction of air pollution, while such studies haven't been conducted in Changzhou, an important manufacturing base and polluted city in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China. This work, for the first time, performed a thorough chemical characterization on the fine particular matter (PM2.5) samples, collected during July 2015 to April 2016 across four seasons in Changzhou city. A suite of analytical techniques were employed to characterize organic carbon / elemental carbon (OC / EC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs), trace elements, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5; in particular, an Aerodyne soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was deployed to probe the chemical properties of water-soluble organic aerosols (WSOA). The average PM2.5 concentrations were found to be 108.3 μg m−3, and all identified species were able to reconstruct ~ 80 % of the PM2.5 mass. The WSIIs occupied about half of the PM2.5 mass (~ 52.1 %), with SO42−, NO3− and NH4+ as the major ions. On average, nitrate concentrations dominated over sulfate (mass ratio of 1.21), indicating influences from traffic emissions. OC and EC correlated well with each other and the highest OC / EC ratio (5.16) occurred in winter, suggesting complex OC sources likely including both secondarily formed and primarily emitted OA. Concentrations of eight trace elements (Mn, Zn, Al, B, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb) can contribute up to 6.0 % of PM2.5 during winter. PAHs concentrations were also high in winter (140.25 ng m−3), which were predominated by median/high molecular weight PAHs with 5- and 6-rings. The organic matter including both water-soluble and water-insoluble species occupied ~ 20 % PM2.5 mass. SP-AMS determined that the WSOA had an average atomic oxygen-to-carbon (O / C), hydrogen-to-carbon (H / C), nitrogen-to-carbon (N / C) and organic matter-to-organic carbon (OM / OC) ratios of 0.36, 1.54, 0.11, and 1.74, respectively. Source apportionment of WSOA further identified two secondary OA (SOA) factors (a less oxidized and a more oxidized OA) and two primary OA (POA) factors (a nitrogen enriched hydrocarbon-like traffic OA and a cooking-related OA). On average, the POA contribution overweighed SOA (55 % vs. 45 %), indicating the important role of local anthropogenic emissions to the aerosol pollution in Changzhou. Our measurement also shows the abundance of organic nitrogen species in WSOA, and the source analyses suggest these species likely associated with traffic emissions, which warrants more investigations on PM samples from other locations.

scholarly journals Characterization of organic matter from a stratigraphic sequence intercepted by the Nemo-1X well, Mozambique: Potential for hydrocarbon generation

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1157-1171
Author(s):  
Agostinho Mussa ◽  
Deolinda Flores ◽  
Joana Ribeiro ◽  
Ana MP Mizusaki ◽  
Mónica Chamussa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Offshore Area ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Kerogen Type

The Mozambique Basin, which occurs onshore and offshore in the central and southern parts of Mozambique, contains a thick sequence of volcanic and sedimentary rocks that range in age from the Jurassic to Cenozoic. This basin, along with the Rovuma basin to the north, has been the main target for hydrocarbon exploration; however, published data on hydrocarbon occurrences do not exist. In this context, the present study aims to contribute to the understanding of the nature of the organic matter of a sedimentary sequence intercepted by the Nemo-1X exploration well located in the offshore area of the Mozambique Basin. The well reached a depth of 4127 m, and 33 samples were collected from a depth of 2219–3676 m ranging in age from early to Late Cretaceous. In this study, petrographic and geochemical analytical methods were applied to assess the level of vitrinite reflectance and the organic matter type as well as the total organic carbon, total sulfur, and CaCO3 contents. The results show that the total organic carbon content ranges from 0.41 to 1.34 wt%, with the highest values determined in the samples from the Lower Domo Shale and Sena Formations, which may be related to the presence of the solid bitumens that occur in the carbonate fraction of those samples. The vitrinite random reflectances range from 0.65 to 0.86%Rrandom, suggesting that the organic matter in all of the samples is in the peak phase of the “oil generation window” (0.65–0.9%Rrandom). The organic matter is mainly composed of vitrinite and inertinite macerals, with a minor contribution of sporinite from the liptinite group, which is typical of kerogen type III. Although all of the samples have vitrinite reflectances corresponding to the oil window, the formation of liquid hydrocarbons is rather limited because the organic matter is dominated by gas-prone kerogen type III.

scholarly journals Total content of macroelements and trace elements in Holocene calcareous gyttja from the post-bog area of north-western Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Jarnuszewski ◽  
Edward Meller
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Carbonate Mineral ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Ignition Loss ◽  
Calcareous Deposits ◽  
North Western

The study covered 6 sites located in the Vistula glaciation area in north-western Poland, where the Holocene calcareous (gyttja) deposits occur. Three types of such calcareous deposits were isolated: marly (groundwater calcretes) (CaCO<sub>3</sub> &gt; 80%, loss of ignition &lt; 20%, non-carbonate fractions &lt; 20%), calcareous gyttja (CaCO<sub>3</sub> 50–80%, loss of ignition &lt; 40%, non-carbonate fractions &lt; 40%), and clay calcareous gyttja (CaCO<sub>3</sub> 20–50%, loss of ignition &lt; 30%, non-carbonate fractions &lt; 60%). The content of major and trace elements was determined in different horizons. Several parameters of Holocene calcareous deposits were determined, namely carbonate status, total organic carbon, non-carbonate mineral fractions and several major and minor components. Close correlations between CaCO<sub>3</sub> and Ca, Mg contents, between non-carbonate fraction and K, Zn and Cu contents, as well as between ignition loss and Zn and Cu contents were observed in the sediments. The sediments exhibit vertical variability which relates to the genesis of sediments and soils. The highest content of macroelements was recorded in the uppermost layers for Ca, Mg, Na, and Mn and for microelements (trace elements) in bottom layers for S, P, K, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Ni.  

scholarly journals Sources and export of particle-borne organic matter during a monsoon flood in a catchment of northern Laos

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1073-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gourdin ◽  
S. Huon ◽  
O. Evrard ◽  
O. Ribolzi ◽  
T. Bariac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Suspended Organic Matter

Abstract. The yields of the tropical rivers of Southeast Asia supply large quantities of carbon to the ocean. The origin and dynamics of particulate organic matter were studied in the Houay Xon River catchment located in northern Laos during the first erosive flood of the rainy season in May 2012. This cultivated catchment is equipped with three successive gauging stations draining areas ranging between 0.2 and 11.6 km2 on the main stem of the permanent stream, and two additional stations draining 0.6 ha hillslopes. In addition, the sequential monitoring of rainwater, overland flow and suspended organic matter compositions was conducted at the 1 m2 plot scale during a storm. The composition of particulate organic matter (total organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations, δ13C and δ15N) was determined for suspended sediment, soil surface (top 2 cm) and soil subsurface (gullies and riverbanks) samples collected in the catchment (n = 57, 65 and 11, respectively). Hydrograph separation of event water was achieved using water electric conductivity and δ18O measurements for rainfall, overland flow and river water base flow (n = 9, 30 and 57, respectively). The composition of particulate organic matter indicates that upstream suspended sediments mainly originated from cultivated soils labelled by their C3 vegetation cover (upland rice, fallow vegetation and teak plantations). In contrast, channel banks characterized by C4 vegetation (Napier grass) supplied significant quantities of sediment to the river during the flood rising stage at the upstream station as well as in downstream river sections. The highest runoff coefficient (11.7%), sediment specific yield (433 kg ha−1), total organic carbon specific yield (8.3 kg C ha−1) and overland flow contribution (78–100%) were found downstream of reforested areas planted with teaks. Swamps located along the main stream acted as sediment filters and controlled the composition of suspended organic matter. Total organic carbon specific yields were particularly high because they occurred during the first erosive storm of the rainy season, just after the period of slash-and-burn operations in the catchment.

Pyrite trace-element and sulfur isotope geochemistry of paleo-mesoproterozoic McArthur Basin: Proxy for oxidative weathering

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 1256-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrani Mukherjee ◽  
Ross R. Large ◽  
Stuart Bull ◽  
Daniel G. Gregory ◽  
Aleksandr S. Stepanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Sulfur Isotope ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Isotope Geochemistry ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Black Shales ◽  
Elemental Ratios ◽  
System A ◽  
Icp Ms

Abstract Redox-sensitive trace elements and sulfur isotope compositions obtained via in situ analyses of sedimentary pyrites from marine black shales are used to track atmosphere-ocean redox conditions between ∼1730 and ∼1360 Ma in the McArthur Basin, northern Australia. Three black shale formations within the basin (Wollogorang Formation 1730 ± 3 Ma, Barney Creek Formation 1640 ± 3 Ma, and Upper Velkerri Formation 1361 ± 21 Ma) display systematic stratigraphic variations in pyrite trace-element compositions obtained using LA-ICP-MS. The concentrations of several trace elements and their ratios, such as Se, Zn, Se/Co, Ni/Co, Zn/Co, Mo/Co, Se/Bi, Zn/Bi, Ni/Bi, increase from the stratigraphically lower Wollogorang Formation to the Upper Velkerri Formation. Cobalt, Bi, Mo, Cu, and Tl show a consistent decrease in abundance while Ni, As, and Pb show no obvious trends. We interpret these trace element trends as a response to the gradual increase of oxygen in the atmosphere-ocean system from ∼1730 to 1360 Ma. Elements more mobile during erosion under rising atmospheric oxygen show an increase up stratigraphy (e.g., Zn, Se), whereas elements that are less mobile show a decrease (e.g., Co, Bi). We also propose the increase of elemental ratios (Se/Co, Ni/Co, Zn/Co, Mo/Co, Ni/Bi, and Zn/Bi) up stratigraphy are strong indicators of atmospheric oxygenation. Sulfur isotopic compositions of marine pyrite (δ34Spyrite) from these formations, obtained using SHRIMP-SI, are highly variable, with the Wollogorang Formation exhibiting less variation (δ34S = –29.4 to +9.5‰; mean –5.03‰) in comparison to the Barney Creek (δ34S = –13.8 to +41.8‰; mean +19.88‰) and Velkerri Formations (δ34S = –14.2 to +52.8‰; mean +26.9‰). We propose that the shift in mean δ34S to heavier values up-section corresponds to increasing deep water oxygenation from ∼1730 to 1360 Ma. Incursion of oxygenated waters possibly caused a decrease in the areal extent of anoxic areas, at the same time, creating a possibly efficient reducing system. A stronger reducing system caused the δ34S of the sedimentary pyrites to become progressively heavier. Interestingly, heavy δ34S in pyrites overlaps with the increase in the concentration of certain trace elements (and their ratios) in sedimentary pyrites (Se, Zn, Se/Co, Ni/Co, Zn/Co, Mo/Co, Ni/Bi, and Zn/Bi). This study concludes that there was a gradual increase of atmospheric oxygen accompanied by ocean oxygenation through the first ∼400 million years of the Boring Billion (1800–1400 Ma) in the McArthur Basin.

scholarly journals Development of Upwelling during the Sedimentary Period of the Organic-Rich Shales in the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations of the Upper Yangtze Region and Its Impact on Organic Matter Enrichment

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Ze Zhao ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Hua-Jun Min ◽  
Tong Wang ◽  
Zhou Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Biogenic Silica ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Mineral Component ◽  
Longmaxi Formation ◽  
Component Content ◽  
Upwelling Intensity

This study uses logging data, mineral component content, total organic carbon (TOC) content, and microscopic characteristics of the organic-rich shales in the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations, as well as data reported by other researchers, to demonstrate that upwelling has played an important role in the organic matter enrichment. The results show that (1) the organic-rich shales of Well N211 in the Upper Yangtze region are located in the Wufeng Formation and the lower Longmaxi Formation, with a burial depth between 2308–2357 m. (2) The organic-rich shales are enriched in biogenic silica. (3) Based on paleogeographic location and characteristics of organisms, this study determines that upwelling occurred during the deposition of the organic-rich shales in the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations, promoting the enrichment of organic matter in the shales. (4) The upwelling intensity gradually increased from the sedimentary period of the organic-rich shales in the mid-lower Wufeng Formation to the sedimentary period of the Guanyinqiao Member, and then decreased gradually from the sedimentary period of the Guanyinqiao Member to the sedimentary period of the organic-rich shales in the Longmaxi Formation, and leads to the different enrichment of organic matter in the vertical direction. The different developments of upwelling led to the coexistence of both high and low TOC contents in the Guanyinqiao Member along the vertical direction.

scholarly journals Short-Term Changes in Fertility Attributes and Soil Organic Matter Caused by the Addition of EM Bokashis in Two Tropical Soils

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Pacheco Lima ◽  
Mariana Rodrigues Fontenelle ◽  
Luciana Rodrigues Borba Silva ◽  
Daiane Costa Soares ◽  
Antônio Williams Moita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Chemical Attributes

The present work aimed to evaluate the behavior of ten fertility attributes of soil organic matter physical fractions and total organic carbon upon addition of three EM Bokashis to a Rhodic Ferralsol (FRr) and a Dystric Cambisol (CMd). An experiment was carried out in greenhouse in which the soils were placed into plastic trays and cultivated with tomato. A completely randomized design was used with four repetitions and factorial scheme of 2 × 3 + 2, consisting of two soils (FRr and CMd), three EM Bokashis (Poultry Manure Bokashi (BPM); CNPH Bokashi (BC); and Cattle Manure Bokashi (BCM)), and two controls (both soils without addition of Bokashi). The following fertility attributes were evaluated: pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, P, SB, H + Al, CEC, andV. Particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC) and total organic carbon (TOC) were also investigated. Finally, the Principal Component Analysis was conducted in order to identify possible patterns related to soils when fertilized with EM Bokashi. The addition of EM Bokashi increased the soil fertility and contents of POC. Different EM Bokashi presents distinguished effects on each soil. The PCA suggests that BPM presents higher capacity to modify the analyzed chemical attributes.

scholarly journals Organic matter mineralization and trace element post-depositional redistribution in Western Siberia thermokarst lake sediments

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3341-3358 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Audry ◽  
O. S. Pokrovsky ◽  
L. S. Shirokova ◽  
S. N. Kirpotin ◽  
B. Dupré
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Ecosystem Development ◽  
Thermokarst Lake ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This study reports the very first results on high-resolution sampling of sediments and their porewaters from three thermokarst (thaw) lakes representing different stages of ecosystem development located within the Nadym-Pur interfluve of the Western Siberia plain. Up to present time, the lake sediments of this and other permafrost-affected regions remain unexplored regarding their biogeochemical behavior. The aim of this study was to (i) document the early diagenesic processes in order to assess their impact on the organic carbon stored in the underlying permafrost, and (ii) characterize the post-depositional redistribution of trace elements and their impact on the water column. The estimated organic carbon (OC) stock in thermokarst lake sediments of 14 ± 2 kg m−2 is low compared to that reported for peat soils from the same region and denotes intense organic matter (OM) mineralization. Mineralization of OM in the thermokarst lake sediments proceeds under anoxic conditions in all the three lakes. In the course of the lake development, a shift in mineralization pathways from nitrate and sulfate to Fe- and Mn-oxyhydroxides as the main terminal electron acceptors in the early diagenetic reactions was suggested. This shift was likely promoted by the diagenetic consumption of nitrate and sulfate and their gradual depletion in the water column due to progressively decreasing frozen peat lixiviation occurring at the lake's borders. Trace elements were mobilized from host phases (OM and Fe- and Mn-oxyhydroxides) and partly sequestered in the sediment in the form of authigenic Fe-sulfides. Arsenic and Sb cycling was also closely linked to that of OM and Fe- and Mn-oxyhydroxides. Shallow diagenetic enrichment of particulate Sb was observed in the less mature stages. As a result of authigenic sulfide precipitation, the sediments of the early stage of ecosystem development were a sink for water column Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Sb. In contrast, at all stages of ecosystem development, the sediments were a source of dissolved Co, Ni and As to the water column. However, the concentrations of these trace elements remained low in the bottom waters, indicating that sorption processes on Fe-bounding particles and/or large-size organo-mineral colloids could mitigate the impact of post-depositional redistribution of toxic elements on the water column.

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