Antimicrobial resistance in Romania - current status and risk reduction interventions

S. bovis/S. equinus complex (SBSEC) includes lactic acid-producing bacteria considered as the causative agent associated with acute rumen lactic acidosis in intensive ruminants. Considering the limited information on the detailed characteristics and diversity of SBSEC in Korea and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), we investigated the diversity of SBSEC from domestic ruminants and verified the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) against several antimicrobials with their phenotypic resistance. Among 51 SBSEC isolates collected, two SBSEC members (S. equinus and S. lutetiensis) were identified; sodA-based phylogenetic analyses and comparisons of overall genome relatedness revealed potential plasticity and diversity. The AMR rates of these SBSEC against erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline were relatively lower than those of other SBSEC isolates of a clinical origin. An investigation of the ARGs against those antimicrobials indicated that tetracycline resistance of SBSECs generally correlated with the presence of tet(M)-possessing Tn916-like transposon. However, no correlation between the presence of ARGs and phenotypic resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was observed. Although a limited number of animals and their SBSEC isolates were examined, this study provides insights into the potential intraspecies biodiversity of ruminant-origin SBSEC and the current status on antimicrobial resistance of the bacteria in the Korean livestock industry.

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The Challenge of Stern Tube Bearings and Seals

10.5957/pss-2015-013 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

John Thornhill

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Current Status ◽

Environmental Legislation ◽

Sustainable Solutions ◽

Marine Propulsion

In recent times, there has been a change of emphasis from lowest first cost to sustainable solutions, with environmental impact being high on the agenda. Risk reduction is now also one of the main drivers and is linked closely to Environmental legislation. Trends are changing in marine propulsion equipment specification. This paper discusses the drivers, the solutions, current status and future predictions of these trends within the stern tube bearing and seal business.

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Inadequate stakeholder management and its effect on a coherent sinkhole risk management strategy: The case of the Merafong Local Municipality, South Africa

Jàmbá Journal of Disaster Risk Studies ◽

10.4102/jamba.v8i1.265 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tshepo Moshodi ◽

Christo Coetzee ◽

Kristel Fourie

Keyword(s):

Risk Management ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Community Involvement ◽

Stakeholder Management ◽

Current Status ◽

Community Stakeholders ◽

Management Processes ◽

Reduction Strategies ◽

Local Municipality ◽

Risk Reduction Strategies

The Merafong Local Municipality (MLM) has historically suffered financial and human losses because of the presence of dolomite and the consequent formation of sinkholes. There is a great need for the MLM to address the risk posed by sinkholes to ensure the continued safety of communities. However, as the risk is so pervasive, the MLM needs to coordinate their risk reduction strategies with a wide array of stakeholders in the municipality. Efficient stakeholder management is thus crucial if the sinkhole risk is to be addressed appropriately. This article reviews the current status of stakeholder management in the MLM as it pertains to the formulation of a holistic sinkhole risk reduction strategy. Findings indicate that there are serious deficiencies in the MLM’s stakeholder management relating to key risk management processes such as community involvement in risk management structures, disaster risk assessment, training and awareness, and early warning and response. Improved stakeholder management could be characterised by the following factors: improved two-way communication between the municipality and community stakeholders, fostering a relationship based upon trust and equality amongst stakeholders, participation by a wide array of stakeholder groups affected by the sinkhole risk and a mutual commitment by all stakeholders to address the risk. These factors could contribute to enhancing current and future sinkhole risk reduction strategies.

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Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from dogs and cats in Japan: current status of antimicrobial resistance and prevailing resistance mechanisms

Microbiology and Immunology ◽

10.1111/j.1348-0421.2011.00416.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 123-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Kazuki Harada ◽

Sayuri Arima ◽

Ayaka Niina ◽

Yasushi Kataoka ◽

Toshio Takahashi

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Current Status

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Oxidative Stress-Generating Antimicrobials, a Novel Strategy to Overcome Antibacterial Resistance

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9050361 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 361 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Álvaro Mourenza ◽

José A. Gil ◽

Luís M. Mateos ◽

Michal Letek

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Mechanism Of Action ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Current Status ◽

Antibacterial Mechanism ◽

Antibacterial Resistance ◽

Health Issues ◽

Novel Strategy

Antimicrobial resistance is becoming one of the most important human health issues. Accordingly, the research focused on finding new antibiotherapeutic strategies is again becoming a priority for governments and major funding bodies. The development of treatments based on the generation of oxidative stress with the aim to disrupt the redox defenses of bacterial pathogens is an important strategy that has gained interest in recent years. This approach is allowing the identification of antimicrobials with repurposing potential that could be part of combinatorial chemotherapies designed to treat infections caused by recalcitrant bacterial pathogens. In addition, there have been important advances in the identification of novel plant and bacterial secondary metabolites that may generate oxidative stress as part of their antibacterial mechanism of action. Here, we revised the current status of this emerging field, focusing in particular on novel oxidative stress-generating compounds with the potential to treat infections caused by intracellular bacterial pathogens.

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Trends in antibiotic resistance patterns of methicillin resistant and methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College Hospital

KYAMC Journal ◽

10.3329/kyamcj.v9i1.36596 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 6-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdullah Akhtar Ahmed ◽

Md Abdus Salam ◽

Md Shakhaowat Hossain ◽

Md Babul Aktar ◽

Nusrat Akhtar Juyee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Current Status ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Background: Antimicrobial resistance in pathogens is a growing concern for health. It is a great concern around the globe about the threat of increasing antimicrobial resistance. In response to this concerns, medical experts have proposed initiatives to curtail the spread of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria. We have taken this surveillance study in KYAMCH to contain the spread of antimicrobial resistance.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of MRSA from different clinical samples and to record its current status to commonly used anti Staphylococcus antibiotics.Methods: The clinical samples were taken to the laboratory and within four hours cultured for isolates and identification pathogens. Finally, antibiotic sensitivity testing of the isolated Staphylococcus aureus was performed. Results: More than 80% of MRSA isolates were resistant to ampicillin (98%) followed by amoxicillin, cefixime and azithromycin with 94%, 93.5% and 85% respectively and maximum sensitivity toward tobramycin with 86% followed by 85% gentamicin and 79% meropenem.Conclusion: The detected trend in antibiotic resistance patterns of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in this study is alarming. This has created a huge clinical burden in the hospital settings as well as in the community.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-1, April 2018, Page 6-10

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Assessing antimicrobial resistance, utilization and stewardship in Yemen: An exploratory mixed-methods study

10.1101/2021.01.27.21250628 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

ESF Orubu ◽

A Najwa ◽

C Ching ◽

S Bu Jawdeh ◽

J Anderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Low Income ◽

Low Cost ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Current Status ◽

War Wounds ◽

Low Income Country ◽

Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽

Important Solution ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanate

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR), largely driven by irrational use of antimicrobials, is a global, multi-faceted problem calling for a complete understanding of all contributory factors for effective containment. In conflict settings, war-wounds and malnutrition can combine with existing social determinants to increase demand for antibiotics, compounding irrational use. In this study, we focus on Yemen, a low-income country with active conflict for the last five years, and analyze the current status of awareness and stewardship efforts regarding AMR. We performed a survey of prescribers/physicians and pharmacists to describe perceptions of AMR prevalence, antibiotic use practices and stewardship in Yemen, supported by a non-systematic scoping literature review and a key informant interview. Participants (96%, n=57) reported a perceived high AMR prevalence rate. Prescribers (74%, 20/27) reported pressure to prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics. In the majority of cases (81%, 22/27), Antimicrobial Sensitivity Tests (AST) were not performed to inform antibiotic choice. The main barrier to AST was cost. Most pharmacists (67%, 18/27) sold antibiotics without prescriptions. Amoxicillin (including amoxicillin-clavulanate) was the most-commonly prescribed (63%, 17/27) or dispensed (82%, 22/27) antibiotic. AST was rated the least important solution to AMR in Yemen. While there was awareness of a high AMR rate, stewardship is poor in Yemen. We note that barriers to the use of AST could be addressed through the deployment of low-cost AST kits. Compulsory continuing education emphasizing the use of AST to guide prescribing and patients’ awareness programs could help avoid irrational use.

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Identification and antimicrobial resistance of members from the Enterobacteriaceae family isolated from canaries (Serinus canaria)

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2015000600011 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 552-556 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ruben V. Horn ◽

William M. Cardoso ◽

Elisângela S. Lopes ◽

Régis S.C. Teixeira ◽

Átilla H. Albuquerque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Cloacal Swab ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Current Status ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Serinus Canaria ◽

Peptone Water ◽

Zoonotic Bacteria

Abstract: The Enterobacteriaceae family contains potentially zoonotic bacteria, and their presence in canaries is often reported, though the current status of these in bird flocks is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the most common genera of enterobacteria from canaries (Serinus canaria) and their antimicrobial resistance profiles. From February to June of 2013, a total of 387 cloacal swab samples from eight domiciliary breeding locations of Fortaleza city, Brazil, were collected and 58 necropsies were performed in canaries, which belonged to the Laboratory of Ornithological Studies. The samples were submitted to microbiological procedure using buffered peptone water and MacConkey agar. Colonies were selected according to their morphological characteristics on selective agar and submitted for biochemical identification and antimicrobial susceptibility. A total of 61 isolates were obtained, of which 42 were from cloacal swabs and 19 from necropsies. The most isolated bacteria was Escherichia coli with twenty five strains, followed by fourteen Klebsiellaspp., twelve Enterobacterspp., seven Pantoea agglomerans, two Serratiaspp. and one Proteus mirabilis. The antimicrobial to which the strains presented most resistance was sulfonamides with 55.7%, followed by ampicillin with 54.1% and tetracycline with 39.3%. The total of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) was 34 (55.7%). In conclusion, canaries harbor members of the Enterobacteriaceae family and common strains present a high antimicrobial resistance rate, with a high frequency of MDR bacteria.

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