scholarly journals Evolution Framework of the Classical Economics of Urbanization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Classical Field ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Classical Economics ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urbanization Development

<pre>The urbanization is a process, but also a period of history; in theory, the classical economists had paid attention to the importance of urbanization on economic growth, also to examine those confusion in the growth and development of urbanization which facing the "dust, mud, swamp, jungle". What kind of urbanization need we pursuit? Petty, Smith, Marx, Marshall, Lewis, Yang Xiaokai and Harvey respectively researched from the different perspective of the development of urbanization in their view, this paper will be integrated into urbanization of the classical school of Architecture, and in time for the " longitude", the division of labor is the "latitude", depicts the main theory clues of urbanization by classical field which these scholars have analyzed. Overall, the urbanization problems encountered in the world today, which the classical economists have more or less analyzed or even if forecast and put forward appropriate solutions. It is very different from the study on the urbanization in the Neo-classical school who focus on technical analysis, the classical school of economists pay more attention to the analysis of the history of urbanization, class analysis and case analysis, they are very good at deep into the various contradictions and problems of urbanization development in the countries, to explore the cause, process and development trend of urbanization. They are extremely important wealth for policy makers and scholars who will research later on urbanization. It need timely summary of precipitation and learn from the discussion of the essence.</pre>

scholarly journals Evolution Framework of the Classical Economics of Urbanization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Classical Field ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Classical Economics ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urbanization Development

<pre>The urbanization is a process, but also a period of history; in theory, the classical economists had paid attention to the importance of urbanization on economic growth, also to examine those confusion in the growth and development of urbanization which facing the "dust, mud, swamp, jungle". What kind of urbanization need we pursuit? Petty, Smith, Marx, Marshall, Lewis, Yang Xiaokai and Harvey respectively researched from the different perspective of the development of urbanization in their view, this paper will be integrated into urbanization of the classical school of Architecture, and in time for the " longitude", the division of labor is the "latitude", depicts the main theory clues of urbanization by classical field which these scholars have analyzed. Overall, the urbanization problems encountered in the world today, which the classical economists have more or less analyzed or even if forecast and put forward appropriate solutions. It is very different from the study on the urbanization in the Neo-classical school who focus on technical analysis, the classical school of economists pay more attention to the analysis of the history of urbanization, class analysis and case analysis, they are very good at deep into the various contradictions and problems of urbanization development in the countries, to explore the cause, process and development trend of urbanization. They are extremely important wealth for policy makers and scholars who will research later on urbanization. It need timely summary of precipitation and learn from the discussion of the essence.</pre>

scholarly journals Scholarship and the Bahá’í Community

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Moojan Momen
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Individual Student ◽  
Good Fortune ◽  
Baha'i Faith ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Formal Basis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Vast Range

As the Bahá’í Faith emerges from obscurity, Bahá’í scholars will have an important role in three fields: the presentation of Bahá’í Faith to the world; the defense of the Bahá’í Faith from attacks; and the intellectual growth and development of the Bahá’í community. This paper discusses the question of the place of scholarship in the Bahá’í community. The value of Bahá’í studies to the Bahá’í community is analyzed. The problems that may arise for Bahá’í scholars in relation to their own spiritual life and also in relation to the Bahá’í community are discussed. Some suggestions are then made with regard to the question of what academic approaches are most likely to be fruitful in the study of the Bahá’í Faith. Finally, consideration is given to the mutual obligations of the Bahá’í scholar and the Bahá’í community (in particular, the Bahá’í administrative institutions). Every Bahá’í who surveys the vast range of doctrines and concepts enshrined in the holy writings of the Bahá’í Faith or whose imagination is captured by the intensity of its brief history must, to some extent, be inspired to make a more thorough study of some aspect that interests him or her. To some is given the good fortune to have both the opportunity and inclination to put this study on a more formal basis. Whether this be at an institute of learning or through private study and research, there are many areas of the teachings and history of the Bahá’í Faith that invite painstaking research and thoughtful analysis. Such study is of great benefit to the Bahá’í community as a whole, quite apart from the immense satisfaction that it can bring to the individual student. There are also dangers in such study, particularly for the individual concerned, and often the extent of this danger is not appreciated by someone just setting out on such a course of study.

scholarly journals A Review of Gregory Clark's A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 946-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C Allen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Preventive Check ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

A Farewell to Alms advances striking claims about the economic history of the world. These include (1) the preindustrial world was in a Malthusian preventive check equilibrium, (2) living standards were unchanging and above subsistence for the last 100,000 years, (3) bad institutions were not the cause of economic backwardness, (4) successful economic growth was due to the spread of “middle class” values from the elite to the rest of society for “biological” reasons, (5) workers were the big gainers in the British Industrial Revolution, and (6) the absence of middle class values, for biological reasons, explains why most of the world is poor. The empirical support for these claims is examined, and all are questionable.

scholarly journals Historical Aspect of Inflation in Pre and Post Covid-19 Pandemic in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-401
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asif Amjad ◽  
Nabila Asghar ◽  
Hafeez-ur-Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
The World ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
Main Culprit ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Double Digit

Covid-19 Pandemic proved to be very dangerous and catastrophic in the entire history of mankind. It affected every corner of the world within less than a year. It changed the lifestyle and paralyzed all modern technology and killed millions of people around the globe. This study presents the historical overview of major world pandemics and Covid-19 as well. It also examines the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on inflation and on other sectors of Pakistan's economy. The results reveal that covid-19 is the main culprit responsible for double digit inflation and slow economic growth in Pakistan. The present study explores that during 2020 high inflation was due to world lock down while in 2021 the main cause of inflation was persistent increase in oil prices, food shortage, political instability in Afghanistan and devaluation of Pakistan’s rupee. The results indicate that Covid-19 affects adversely every sector of Pakistan economy. The study suggests that government should pay proper attention to health of the general public and implement suitable policies to stabilize the economic growth.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMASI SEBUAH TRADISI INTELEKTUAL: Asal Usul dan Perkembangan Pendidikan pada Masa Awal Sejarah Islam

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Nasrul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Early History ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Social Education ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Transformation is any displacement of science, the intellectual activity, from teacher to student and so in the context of the growth and development of education in the early history of Islam. The purpose of this discussion to determine the form peralihanilmu and development of Islamic education in the early history of Islam. This writing method descriptive analysis. Discussion regarding the form of change and transition of science in the early history of Islam. Makkah period, the process of transition of knowledge from the companions of the Prophet to be done with the system dealing directly with the Prophet (musyafahah) .After the system says, memorizing and teaching returned as received from the teacher (talaqqi). Both systems are considered to be very tested and most noble among sistempendidikan that ever existed in the world of education. Medina period, is aimed more at political and social education and citizenship. The subject matter of this education is basic thoughts contained in the Charter of Medina and also the teaching of the Koran remains a priority

scholarly journals Green GDP and Sustainable Development in Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-08 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negin Vaghefi ◽  
Chamhuri Siwar ◽  
Sarah Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Growth Path ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Green Gdp ◽  
The World

Sustainability has become an important concept in economic growth and development in the world. Malaysia, as a rapidly developing economy in Asia, has been able to achieve a positive economic growth; however, there is a big question: is it on a sustainable growth path? Due to weaknesses of traditional GDP in reflecting sustainability path, Green GDP as an indicator of sustainability could be implemented with adjustments in calculations. This paper aims to calculate the Green GDP for Malaysia. This measure will almost give policy makers a more arguable estimate for the area of environmental challenges. This paper highlights the role of natural resources depletion and environmental damages in sustainable development of the country. Green GDP is associated with some uncertainties such as lack of comprehensive calculations in estimating data and difficulties in setting the price of natural resources. These uncertainties and how Malaysia would be able to implement more accurate Green GDP in future were also discussed.

Paleolimnology at the Local to Regional Scale: Records of Changing Watersheds and Industrialization

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Human Impacts ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Track Record ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Instrumental Records

Paleolimnologists have developed an impressive track record documenting the history of human influence on lakes and their surroundings, and using these historical inferences to help policy makers establish lake and ecosystem management goals. Our ability to do this depends on both a comparative analysis of multiple lake records, and a firmly established chronology. The comparative approach to paleolimnology allows us to differentiate local phenomena resulting from peculiarities of study watersheds from regional phenomena. Comparison of records also allows the timing of events to be placed in a regional context, where explanations of processes that affect large areas, like lake acidification, regional patterns of air pollution, or landscape disturbance may be more broadly interpretable. Comparative paleolimnology allows the researcher to study the multiple effects of local to regional-scale phenomena and differentiate them from global phenomena. Closely coupled with our requirement for a comparative approach to paleolimnology is the need to place events in a highly resolved chronology, especially over the past 200 years, the period of greatest interest to understanding major human alternations of the environment. In many parts of the world, including the highly industrialized and relatively well-‘‘monitored’’ environments of North America and Europe, instrumental records of water quality are either spotty or unavailable. Until the 1960s, the number of lakes with regular monitoring programs for even basic limnological parameters was extremely small. And in regions with numerous water bodies, selection criteria for the investigation of lakes often has had more to do with proximity to major research facilities or peculiarities of road access than with the needs of society. Paleolimnological records integrate ecological signals at scales that are relevant to the interests of lake managers, who need to understand the timing and magnitude of human activities. Even when limnological monitoring is available, paleolimnological approaches can answer questions at temporal and spatial scales that are unattainable by the monitoring regime in place. The difficulty of understanding the history of human impacts on ecosystems is particularly acute in underdeveloped regions of the world, where access to monitoring equipment is limited. For lakes in these regions, paleolimnology may provide the only practical and relatively inexpensive means of reconstructing impact histories.

scholarly journals New opportunities: Drosophila as a model system for exercise research

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 482-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis P. Watanabe ◽  
Nicole C. Riddle
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Model System ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Exercise Promotion ◽  
Response To Exercise

Because of the growing rates of obesity in much of the world, exercise as a treatment option for obesity and as part of a healthy lifestyle is of great interest to the general public, health policy makers, and scientists alike. Despite the long history of exercise promotion and exercise research, there are still significant gaps in our understanding of how exercise impacts individuals and what role genetics plays in determining an individual’s response to exercise. Model organisms are positioned uniquely to help address these questions because of the challenges associated with carrying out large-scale, well-controlled studies in humans. The fruit fly model system, Drosophila melanogaster, has joined the models used for exercise research only recently but already has made significant contributions to the field. In this review, we highlight the opportunities for exercise research in Drosophila. We review the resources available to researchers interested in using Drosophila for exercise research, focusing on the existing systems to induce exercise in Drosophila, to measure the amount of exercise performed, and to assess physical fitness. We illustrate the potential of the Drosophila system by drawing attention to pioneering studies in Drosophila exercise research and emphasize the unique opportunities this model system represents.

scholarly journals SMEs and product mix decisions: fact or fiction

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-616
Author(s):  
Michael C. Cant ◽  
Safura Mohamed Kallier ◽  
Johannes A. Wiid
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Product Mix ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right

Research over the years has shown that in order for any business to survive, the correct product mix must be offered to the market. If the product does not satisfy the needs of the market, its reason for existence can be questioned. This principle applies to all businesses – big or small. The question arises if SMEs adhere to this fact and, if so, how they go about doing this. SMEs over the world make huge contributions to economic growth and job creation and are seen to be a driving force for economic growth and development in any economy. In the highly competitive environment that SMEs operate in, selecting the right merchandise for the right customer is important and, in most instances, its ability to survive or perish. This study aimed to determine if SMEs in South Africa make decisions regarding the product mix and, if so, if they conform to different profiles regarding the decisions that they make. A questionnaire was used to collect the data and was sent to SMEs around South Africa operating in different industries. The results indicated that SMEs in South Africa consider product characteristics, consumer behavior and strategic aspects when making product mix decisions. Keywords: merchandising, product, SMEs, product mix, business, South Africa. JEL Classification: M00, M300, M310

scholarly journals The Effect of Research and Development Expenditures on Economic Growth: New Evidences

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ildırar ◽  
Mehmet Özmen ◽  
Erhan İşcan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Expenditure Data ◽  
Different Types

Research and Development (R&D) is one of the most important variables that affect the country’s economic growth and development through increasing the technology capabilities, enlargement of resource base and promoting in the capability of resource utilization. Countries that innovate by conducting R&D activities always have high economic growth and many researchers emphasized this prominent role of the R&D on economic growth in numerous studies. This study contributes in two ways to this stream of research. Providing new estimates of the effect of R&D expenditures on economic growth is the first contribution to literature. On the other hand, there are different types of R&D expenditures and each of them has different magnitude on the economic growth. Therefore, this study provides evidences about the magnitudes of R&D expenditures. The effect of different types of R&D expenditures on economic growth for the selected OECD countries is examined in this study by utilizing from GMM framework using the data belonging the period of 2003-2014. Income and different R&D expenditure data used to analyze that obtained from OECD Stat. As a conclusion, it is found that all of the R&D expenditures have positive and significant effect on economic growth in selected OECD countries but magnitudes are various. Therefore, policy makers should design the R&D stimulation policies depending on the characteristics of the countries. Accordingly, countries must allocate more resources to different types R&D expenditure for achieving sustainable rate of growth.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document