scholarly journals A review on some factors affecting wool quality parameters of sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (105) ◽  
pp. 18980-18999
Author(s):  
G Gelaye ◽  
◽  
B Sandip ◽  
T Mestawet
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wool Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Wool Wax ◽  
Staple Length

Wool is a natural fibre with a unique amalgamation of properties that are exploited in garment industry. The wool industry, in particular the production of fine wool, has a notable role in world trade and the price of the wool is dependent on quality. Accordingly, wool characteristics have direct impact on wool prices set by processors and industry. These properties can particularly benefit the wearer of the garment during exercise. There are different factors affecting wool quality parameters both with direct and indirect involvement. The environmental and genetics are the main factors affecting quality and quantity of wool from sheep. Infections related to skin and parasitic infestations have direct influence on the quality of wool. Breed or genotype is one of the main genetic factors that influences the product and productivity as well as quality of wool from sheep that is fleece from different sheep breeds is different in its both physical and chemical characteristics. Hormonal changes in relation to sex of sheep also have effect on the wool quality traits. The main objective of this review was to define and explore key wool characteristics, such as staple length, number of crimp, fibre type, fibre diameter, wool wax and scouring yield in regards to quality and interventions approaches for improving. In most of studies, non-genetic factors such as age, season, shearing period, shearing frequency and nutrition have a significant effect on traits viz. staple length, wool wax, scouring yield, fibre diameter and for other traits as well. Conducting a research on wool quality characteristics is an operative way of defining and differentiating the quality of wool. Acquiring knowledge of the wool quality characteristics can help to manage the end use products, consumers comfort and processing intensity. Therefore, an understanding of the factors affecting physical and chemical properties of wool traits is important to improve the quality of wool through genetics and management interventions. This article reviews some important quality attributes of wool for the product and productivity development and value addition.

scholarly journals Western Sudan Arabi camel hides attributes and leather quality characteristics

2021 ◽  
pp. 040-043
Author(s):  
Ebrahiem Mohammed Alhadi ◽  
Idris Idris Adam
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Breaking Load ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This study was aimed to evaluate camel hide attributes and leather quality characteristics of Western Sudan Arabi camel. Thirty pieces of fresh camel hides from three subtypes of Western Sudan Arabi camel ecotype (10 pieces from each of Kababish, Meidob, and Hawawir subtypes) were collected, cured, and tanned. Physical and chemical quality parameters were assessed. The data were analyzed using the Complete Randomized Block design. The results revealed that Significant differences (P≤0.05) were detected among Western Sudan Arabi camel subtypes fresh hides thickness and weight. Kababish hide thickness and weight were recorded the highest value of 0.155±0.4 cm and 11.7±1.3 Kg respectively in comparison to Meidob (0.145±0.3 cm and 8.6±1.2 Kg) and Hawawir (0.143±0.4 cm and 7.7±2.2 Kg). Kababish hides thickness value was above the minimum Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather quality. While Meidob and Hawawir hide thickness values were blew the minimum Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather quality. Physical quality parameters; elongation, tensile strength, resistance to grain cracking, breaking load, and tear strength; were in the Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather physical quality of 100%, 200 Kg/cm2, 7N/cm, 8 N/cm, and 100 Kg/cm2respectively. Whilst flexibility parameter was below the Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather quality. Chemical quality parameters were in the Sudanese standards threshold specification for cattle leather chemical quality of 18%, 4.5%, 2.5%, and 11% for moisture, Ash, chrome oxide, and fat contents respectively.

Vital statistics for an experimental flock of Merino sheep. III. Factors affecting wool and body characteristics, including the effect of age of ewe and its possible interaction with method of selection

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
GH Brown ◽  
HN Turner ◽  
SSY Young ◽  
CHS Dolling
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fibre Number ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Staple Length

Estimates were made of the effects of the following factors on 10 fleece and body characteristics measured on breeding ewes aged 1½ to 10½ years in three mating groups over a period of 15 years: age of ewe, single or twin birth, age of dam, the ewe's own lambing performance, the year in which measurements were made, and the year in which each set of ewes was born. Two groups (S and MS) were under selection for high clean wool weight at 15–16 months, with a ceiling on wrinkle score and fibre diameter, while the third (C) was a random control. Changes with age were present in all characteristics and were similar in the three groups. The finding that selection on wool weight at an early age had no effect on subsequent age changes in any characteristic is of considerable importance. Greasy and clean wool weight reached a maximum at 34 years, then declined by 0.3–0.2 1b per year. Percentage clean yield, fibre diameter, body weight, and wrinkle score had maxima at 5½ to 6½ years. Staple length fell consistently by approximately 0.2 cm per year, while face cover rose consistently but slightly. Crimp number rose, fell, and rose again, while fibre number rose, fell, and remained constant from 4½ years. The chief source of increase in wool weight from l½ to 3½ years was an increase in the total number of fibres. The chief source of the subsequent fall was a decrease in fibre volume, with a minor contribution from a fall in total fibre number after 6½ years. Twin-born ewes cut 0.21 lb (4.2% of the mean) less clean wool per year over their lifetime than single-born ewes, while the progeny of 2-year-old ewes cut 0.32 lb (6.4%) less than the progeny of adults. The main source of lower weight in each case was a lower total fibre number. Pregnancy lowered clean wool weight more than lactation, the separate effects being 0.87 and 0.38 lb respectively (17.4 and 7.7% of the mean) and the combined effect 1.25 1b or 25.1%. Pregnancy lowered total fibre number but lactation had no further effect. Mean clean wool weights over all ages in the C group varied from year to year, the range being from 1.08 lb (21.6%)below the mean to 0.97 lb (19.4%) above. Differences in total fibre number contributed between one-third and two-thirds of the variation. Ewes born in consecutive years in the S and MS groups showed marked upward trends in clean wool weight, fibre number, and staple length, with a marked downward trend in crimp number and a slight upward trend in body weight. These trends demonstrate direct and correlated responses to the strong selection for high clean wool weight at 15–16 months of age, and the associated slight selection against fibre diameter and wrinkle score. The mean annual increases in clean wool weight were 0.15 and 0.11 Ib (3.0 and 2.2%) in the S and MS groups, approximately 40% of the increase arising from increased total fibre number and 40% from increased staple length. The effects of age and lambing performance can be used to predict productivity in flocks of differing age structures. As the casting age rises to 54 years changes in productivity are negligible. With a rise in casting age to 7½ years the average clean wool weight of the flock would fall by 0.14 lb, with a slight decrease in staple length and crimp number. These changes need to be balanced against any increased lambing percentage or decreased annual genetic gain due to increased generation interval. Comparison with other available figures indicates that age changes may vary from one area to another.

Factors affecting the eating quality of pork

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 122-122
Author(s):  
M.J. Van Oeckel ◽  
N. Warnants ◽  
Ch.V. Boucqué
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Belgian Study

A Belgian study shows that the five most important meat attributes for the consumers are as follows: quality, taste, freshness, absence of hormones and healthiness (Verbeke and Viaene, 1999). This corroborates with the results of a French survey by Touraille (1992), who found that sensory properties and security aspects (hormones) of meat are of paramount importance for the consumer. It is important to direct pork production towards an acceptable product adapted to the consumer's demand. The objective of this study is to evaluate in which way and how strong the sensory quality parameters are influenced by different factors.

Effects of Vacuum Pre-Cooling on Quality of Mushroom after Cooling and Storage

2013 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Y. He ◽  
Y.Q. Yu ◽  
G.C. Zhang ◽  
Q.R. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Vacuum Cooling ◽  
Physical And Chemical Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Storage

Experiments were conducted to determine if vacuum cooling has an effect on the physical and chemical quality characteristics of mushroom after cooling and storage. Pressure, temperature and mass variations of mushroom were obtained during vacuum cooling. The pressure was decreased from 10000 Pa to 600 Pa within 4 min and then maintained it until the end of vacuum cooling process. Accordingly the temperature of mushroom dropped from initial 25.1 °C to 2.4 °C within 25 min, and the mass loss was 5.3%. Subsequently, vacuum cooled mushroom were stored at 1±0.5°C. and 85-95% of relative humidity for 2 weeks. The effects of vacuum cooling on the color, firmness, polyphenol oxidase and membrane permeability of mushroom after cooling and storage were determined. The results showed that vacuum cooling significantly reduced the polyphenol oxidase and membrane permeability.

THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE CROP AND QUALITY OF FIBER FLAX

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (86) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
V.G. Chernikov ◽  
◽  
R.A. Rostovtsev ◽  
N.A. Kudryavtsev ◽  
I.V. Uschapovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
Yield And Quality

The formation of fiber flax yield and quality parameters depends on many soil-climatic, breedinggenetic, as well as anthropogenic factors. The quality of flax fiber is a combination of a number of features and properties that depend on the varietal characteristics of plants, the conditions of their cultivation, technologies for harvesting and straw retting, as well as on the processing modes of raw materials. During plant vegetation (90-130 days) many factors such as soil conditions (pH 4.8-5.5, humus 1.8-2.5%, P2O5 and K2O – 150-200 and 100-200 mg/kg, respectively) and the area of plant nutrition (15-30 million seeds/ha), temperature regime (the sum of active temperatures 1000-1800ºC), water supplying (400-430 units of water mass to create 1 unit of dry matter) and insolation (the arrival of FAR during the growing season 20-25 kcal / cm²), contamination of weeds (more than 60 annual and perennial species) and pests (more than 200 types of fungal, bacterial and viral diseases), features of phytosanitary measures (more than 50 chemicals) and agrotechnologic manners (Federal Register of technologies for the production of crop products) have a great influence on the quality of flax raw materials and can be a limit factor. Environmentally hazardous pollution of air, water and soil - the main components for the production of fiber flax – strongly affects the yield and quality of flax products. The development of waste-free environmentally friendly technologies for the cultivation, harvesting and processing of flax is an urgent task of scientific support of the industry. The main environmental factors affecting the yield and quality of fiber flax are discussed in the article.

scholarly journals تقيم الوضع الراهن لجودة مياه مدينة بورتسودان (المصدر خور أربعات)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Mustafa SirElkhatim Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
City Network ◽  
Zone Field ◽  
Field Works ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The City ◽  
Chemical Water

Port Sudan is the main port and largest commercial centre of the Sudan located in semi-arid region. Population estimate in 2010 was about 926,000 inhabitants and the water demand estimated was about 120000-150000 m3/day. Water production from Khor Arbaat is 60,000 m3/day in good years; however, it may go down to 30,000 m3/day in bad years. In general, the overall situation of the city is characterized by regular shortages. There are three dams (U/G Dam1, SPC Dam2, FR Dam3) structured on Khor Arbaat for water harvesting (2005,2000,1992), siltation represents the greatest problem to these Dams, accordingly their capacities storage is decreases. Their storage capacities are 16*106, 5*106, and 6*106 m3 respectively, therefore the small capacities of these dams lead to inflation silt in a limited period of time. In the same way the Sea Port Corporation (Dam 2) in the year 2012 was removed by the armed forces of the corps as a result of inflation silting and thickness of silting to 6 meters. Water from Khor Arbaat gets into the transfer system without any treatment. The study is carried out to assess and evaluate the quality of surface and ground water resources in the Khor Arbaat zone. Field works included three visits to the study area, on January 2018, February 2018, and on March 2018. Sixteen typical water samples collected from different locations within Khor Arbaat and the city network were analyzed for physical and chemical water quality parameters. GIS Arc. Map and Kriging method are used to study the characteristics of water depend on coordinates and samples results.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Calcium Boron and Carpox-K Sprays on Fruit Quality of Washington Navel Orange Trees

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
A. A. EL- Khwaga ◽  
F. M. Abd El- Latif ◽  
M. H. M. Baiea ◽  
S. F. EL- Gioushy
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Navel Orange ◽  
Fertilization Program ◽  
Washington Navel ◽  
Orange Fruit ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Orange Trees

This research was conducted during seasons 2018 & 2019 on nine-years-old Washington navel orange trees. These trees were grafted on Sour orange rootstock, planted at 5 x 5 meters apart, under surface irrigation conditions, in a private orchard at Manzala village, Toukh region, Qalubia Governorate, Egypt. The seven treatments were used for comparison as follows: T1-100% of chemical NPK (NPK fertilization program adopted at 5, 3 and 1 kg/tree from (NH4)2SO4, superphosphate and K2SO4, respectively) according to the Ministry of Agriculture Recommendation (Control or recommended doses RD). T2-RD+Calcium boron 2 cm3 /L; T3-RD+Calcium boron 3 cm3/L; T4-RD+Carpox-K 1g/L; T5-RD+Carpox-K 1.5g/L; T6-RD+Calcium boron 2 cm3 /L +Carpox-K 1g/L, and T7-RD+Calcium boron 3 cm3/L +Carpox-K 1.5g/L.  The main goal of this investigation was directed towards increasing Washington navel orange fruit quality. The obtained data revealed that all investigated treatments increased fruit quality parameters (physical and chemical properties). However, T7- RD + Calcium boron 3 cm3 /L + Carpox-K 1.5g/L was statistically superior. On the contrary, T1- Control or recommended doses (RD) ranked statistically the lowest treatment in this concern. From the obtained results, It can be concluded that the use of RD+ Calcium boron 3 cm3 / L + Carpox-K 1.5g / L or RD+ Calcium boron 2 cm3/ L + Carpox-K 1g / L could be safely recommended under similar environmental and horticultural practises adopted in this experiment.

Quality Analysis of Pig Iron Produced in One of Polish Steelworks

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 2146-2151
Author(s):  
Edyta Kardas
Keyword(s):  
Steel Production ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Pig Iron ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Basic Quality ◽  
Quality Tools

The quality of pig iron from the point of view of the customer, that is steel plant, is one of main factors affecting the quality and cost of steel production. Chemical composition and temperature of pig iron is among the parameters taking into consideration. The constancy of these parameters can result in steelmaking process on optimal level. The paper presents quantitative and quantitative analysis of pig iron produced in one of Polish steelworks. Analysis of the basic quality parameters of pig iron: the content of basic elements will be made. In the analysis statistical methods and quality tools will be applied.

scholarly journals Solutions to Pollution Problems of Oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Andesh Abdrakhmanov ◽  
Berikbay Orazaliyev ◽  
Beibut Zhusin ◽  
Symbat Tynysbekova ◽  
Barbara Krzysztofik
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractThe purpose of the research is to improve the processes of conservation indicators of quality petroleum products (POL). As a hypothesis, it was assumed that the quality of fuel depends on its main quality parameters that most strongly vary during storage and transportation. The methods were applied which are used at the theoretical level of research, such as abstraction, deduction, analysis and synthesis, etc. We presented the main problems of pollution of oil. Moreover, we provided indicators of physical and chemical properties of diesel fuel and motor oil, which characterize their performance and the list of used additives. We analysed the scientific and patent work. We provided solutions to the problem. Correct storage and use of fuel will help maintain its quality parameters and ensure safety and durability of machinery.

scholarly journals Temporal Variation of Drinking Water Quality Parameters for Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Yaseen Ahmed Hamaamin ◽  
Jwan Bahadeen Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Water is vital for all forms of life on earth. Assessing the quality of water especially drinking water is one of the important processes worldwide which affect public health. In this study, the quality of drinking water in Sulaimani City is monitored for a study period of 1 year. A total number of 78 water samples were collected and analyzed for 17 physical and chemical properties of water supply system to the city. Samples of water are collected from the three main sources of drinking water for Sulaimani City (Sarchnar, Dukan line-1, and Dukan line-2) from February to August 2019. The results of physical and chemical parameters of collected water samples were compared with the World Health Organization and Iraqi standards for drinking water quality. The results of this study showed that mostly all parameters were within the standards except the turbidity parameter which was exceeded the allowable standards in some cases. This research concluded that, in general, the quality of drinking water at the three main sources of Sulaimani City is suitable and acceptable for drinking.

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