scholarly journals Use of Soil-Structured Capillary Barrier can Mitigate the Impact of Saline-Irrigation Water on Marigold Grown Under Field Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 09
Author(s):  
Mohammed Said Al-Mazroui ◽  
Rashid Al-Yahyai ◽  
Said Al-Ismaily ◽  
Anvar Kacimov ◽  
Hamed Al-Busaidi
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Capillary Barriers ◽  
Structured Soil ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
The Impact

Capillary barriers (CBs) as engineered porous composites is novel and promising technology for mitigating salinity and drought stress of plants. This study aimed to imitate a naturally formed CB structure recently discovered in the reservoir bed of Al-Khoud dam at the Governorate of Muscat in northern Oman and to test the impact of this unique CB on mitigating the salinity stress of marigold plants grown under an open field condition. A plot was constructed and divided into “structured” (engineered cascade CB design) and “unstructured” soils and planted with marigold (Tagetes erecta) plants that were subjected to four salinity treatments (control with ECi ≈ 0.6 dS m-1 ; 3 dS m-1; 6 dS m-1; and 9 dS m-1). Plant physiological, vegetative, and reproductive growth parameters were measured in each treatment. The results showed that the structured soil significantly saved irrigation water and reduce salts accumulation. Structured soil improved all vegetative and reproductive plant parameters measured and helped in reducing the effects of salinity stress on the growth and production of the marigold under arid-climate field conditions. The results also showed the capability of structured soil in water saving and improving water use efficiency. This study substantiates a novel method in mitigating salinity problem and in water saving in arid and semi-arid regions, in particular in Oman. Further studies are required to test the use of the engineered cascade CB design with different crops and with alternative (e.g. subsurface) irrigation methods.

scholarly journals Plant-available water, stem diameter variations, chlorophyll fluorescence, and ion content in Pistacia lentiscus under salinity stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Castillo-Campohermoso ◽  
Fernando Broetto ◽  
Ana Margarita Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
Lluvia de Abril Alexandra Soriano-Melgar ◽  
Oussama Mounzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Pistacia Lentiscus ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content And Fluorescence ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Plant Available Water

The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological and hydric adaptability of Pistacia lentiscus (lentisco) to saline irrigation conditions. Plants of lentisco were subjected to four salinity treatments in the irrigation water (0, 50, 100 y 150 mM NaCl) during three months in a growth chamber in order to identify possible tolerance mechanisms to salinity stress. The results showed a reduction of aerial growth parameters, mainly in the 150 mM of NaCl treatment. The root biomass did not change; however, the root hydraulic conductivity was modif ied. This behavior was related with decreases in leaf water potential values both at morning and midday. With the increase of salinity in the irrigation water, the radial growth of stem of the plants was proportionally decreased, and Cl- and Na+ content at minimum and maximum illumination in leaves and roots increased. Stomatal conductance decreased in the plants with higher salinity level, although chlorophyll content and fluorescence were not affected by the salinity treatments. Although the growth rates were statistically affected in all the treatments, the plants were able to resist the salt stress through changes in the leaf structures, related to a reduction of water losses via transpiration.

scholarly journals Oil and Flower Production in Rosa damascena trigintipetala Dieck under Salinity Stress in Taif Region, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4547
Author(s):  
Mohamed E. El-Sharnouby ◽  
Metwally M. Montaser ◽  
Sliai M. Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Rosa Damascena ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

The flower industry depends on oil and fragrance, which is addressed in the current work. Different concentrations of NaCl (0, 250, 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm) were applied to Taif rose plants (Rosa damascena var. trigintipetala Dieck) to evaluate their effects on growth and essential oil content. Results clearly indicated the highest survival percentage (98.3%) was seen in untreated plants compared to plants under salinity stress. Moreover, increasing the NaCl levels induced an adverse effect on the growth parameters of Taif rose plants, while some essential oil contents were increased to the maximum degree of their tolerance to salinity stress. The extracted essential oils were analyzed using GC/MS. The essential oils of Taif rose plants treated with 500 ppm NaCl recorded the highest values of citronellol, geraniol and phenylethyl alcohol contents (16.56, 8.67 and 9.87%), respectively. NaCl at 250 ppm produced the highest values of heneicosane (13.12%), and then decreased to the lowest value (7.79%) with the increase of NaCl to 1500 NaCl, compared to the control and other NaCl levels. The current results could highlight the impact of salinity stress on Rosa damascena Miller var. trigintipetala Dieck for better economic and industrial applications.

scholarly journals Effect of different salinity levels on plant growth parameters of tomato

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
G. Sridevi
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Agricultural College ◽  
The World ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Fresh Tomato

Soil and water salinity is one of the major problems in the world for agricultural production. Tomato is one of the ten most important fruit and vegetables consumed in the world, with approximately one hundred million tonnes of fresh tomato fruit being produced worldwide every year. This research was conducted to determine the different evels of EC d S m-1 in irrigation water collected from Central Farm well water and Bore well water of Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai and Periyar Vaigai Command water in the year 2018 were evaluated Based on their growth and yield of tomato (PKM 1) . The results indicated that there was consistent decrease in yield with increase in salt concentration in saline irrigation water and yield and it was found that the maximum salinity tolerance is 2 d S m-1.

Irrigation water saving through adoption of direct rice sowing technology in the Indo-Gangetic Plains: empirical evidence from Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhter Ali ◽  
Dil Bahadur Rahat ◽  
Olaf Erenstein
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
The Impact

The main purpose of this article is to estimate the impact of the direct rice sowing (DRS) technology on irrigation water saving in the Indo-Gangetic plains. For this study, a comprehensive data set was collected from the rice-wheat area of the Pakistani Punjab. In total, 238 farmers were interviewed from the three major rice-producing districts i.e. Gujranwala, Sheikhupura and Hafizabad. The empirical analysis was carried out by employing the propensity score matching approach to correct for potential sample selection bias that may arise due to systematic differences between the participants and non-participants. The empirical results indicate that the DRS technology is a water saving technology and, on average, the adopters need four less irrigation as compared to the traditional transplanting method. The DRS technology is also labour saving and requires less labour than the conventional rice sowing technology. The water productivity of the DRS technology is also higher as compared to the conventional transplanting method. The DRS technology also has a beneficial yield impact on the subsequent wheat crop. However, the major problem with the DRS technology is weed infestation which needs to be addressed. Farm size analysis indicates that DRS technology has a positive impact for all farmers and particularly on the small and medium scale farmers.

Effect The impact of salt stress on the growth and photosynthetic pigments of Vicia faba (L).

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Daily Increments ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
The Impact

Water used for crop irrigation is often of insufficient quality in the Mediterranean region, where sea water invades the porous karst matrix and salinizes Sources of soil and water. Measuring the productivity of horticultural crops under saline conditions helps decide if and when crops should be irrigated if water is saline, thus balancing crop water and salt stress. To examine the effects of saline irrigation water on (Vicia faba L.) biomass and yield parameters, a greenhouse pot experiment was set up.NaCl salinity was applied as follows: After 15 days from irrigation, plants were subjected to graded levels of salinity: 0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl, applied in stepwise daily increments to avoid induction of salt shock to the seedlings. Height of Plant (cm), The number of lateral branches , number of( leaves, pods, seeds) per plant, shoot weight (g), is correlated with an increase in stressed plant photosynthetic pigments. five weeks after salinity therapy, the weight of the pod (g) and the weight of the seed (g) were determined. Increased irrigation water salinity statistically significantly decreased the calculated parameters (P<0.05) relative to regulation , except for the number of branches and pods. Salinity is associated with an increase in photosynthetic pigments in stressed plants. The productivity of Vicia faba has decreased in proportion to the degree of salinity of irrigation water.

scholarly journals Salinity stress mitigation of some canola cultivars grown under South Sinai conditions using magnetic water technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 21` (01) ◽  
pp. 17234-17253
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Hozayn ◽  
◽  
SM Azza ◽  
AAA Abd El-Monem ◽  
AA El-Mahdy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
South Sinai ◽  
Water Treatments

Salinity stresses either in irrigation water and/or soil is one of the most serious agricultural problems facing farmers in arid and semi-arid regions included Egypt. Many are as in the Sinai region depend mainly on the underground water of various degrees of salinity that prevent cultivated crops from reach to the full yield.Under these conditions,a split-plot field experiment using three canola cultivars; Pactol, Serw-4 and Serw-6under three irrigation water treatments:i) Brackish-water (BW), ii) Magnetic-BW1; brackish water after magnetization through passing a three inch static-magnetic unit,3.75 mT,produced by Delta Water Company, Egypt and iii) Magnetic-BW2;brackish water after magnetization through passing a three inch static magnetic unit, 0.75 mT,produced by Magnetic-Technologies Company, UAE,was carried out at Agricultural Experimental Station of Desert Research Centre, Ras Sidr region, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt during the 2017/18 winter season. The results showed that irrigation with M-BW1or M-BW2surpassed irrigation with BW in all tested growth parameters (plant height, branches and leaf number/plant, leaf area, dry matter of leaves, stem and total plant,and total chlorophyll); leaf anatomy(instance, mid vein and lamina thickness, length and width of leaf vascular bundle and lower and upper epidermis thickness); stem anatomy(stem diameter and thickness of cortex, xylem and phloem in addition pith diameter)and chemical analysis for mineral content (N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn ) at 85 days after sowing (DAS). As an average of both magnetically brackish-water treatments over tested three canola varieties, the percent of improvement compared to irrigation with brackish-water ranged between 10.78-16.02% for growth parameters, 28.33-31.76% for dry matter of plant; 15.58 -80.81% for leaf;10.71-63.88% for stems and2.42-54.48% for mineral content of leaves at 85 DAS.Reverse trends were observed in the best indicators for alleviation salinity stress (Na, and proline),where these decrease dunder both magnetic brackish water treatments by 66.08 and 43.75%, respectively (average of both magnetically brackish-water treatments compared to BW water treatment). Generally, the three tested canola varieties showed a positive response under magnetic brackish water treatments. The positive results in above-mentioned parameters of vegetative growth reflected improvement in canola yield and its components. The percent of improvement ranged between 9.35and35.98 for yield components and reached1.29,19.66 and21.30% in seed oil percentage, seeds and oil yield (kg fed-1;fed=4200m2), respectively compared to brackish water.

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity on the Growth Characteristics of Solanum aethiopicum L. (Solanaceae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
S. I. Mensah ◽  
C. Ekeke ◽  
M. Udom
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Economic Plant ◽  
Stomatal Complex ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Solanum Aethiopicum ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Salinity affects various morphological and anatomical characters of plants thereby reducing the yield of the plant in the long run. Solanum aethiopicum L. is an economic plant that is versatile for human use ranging from food to traditional medicine. Experiment was conducted to assay the impact of saline irrigation on some growth parameters (plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight and size of stomatal complex). Results of the experiment showed that for most parameters studied that the values obtained for the treatments are reduced compared to the control, thereby establishing that saline water harmed S. aethiopicum L. There is no significant difference in the plant from week 5 (i.e. 2 weeks after application of saline water) but at week 6 and 7 (i.e. 3 and 4 weeks after application of saline water respectively), there was significant difference in the parameters. Therefore it is advised that S. aethiopicum L. be grown on soils with low or no content of salinity to maintain optimum growth and development of the plant.

scholarly journals Issues of assessment of the surface area effect on irrigated water consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Adiljan Atajanov ◽  
Ibrahim Khudaev ◽  
Nail Usmanov ◽  
Laziz Babajanov
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Area Effect ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
The Impact

This article focuses on improving water-saving technologies for efficient use of water resources, the development and recommendation of modern irrigation methods, and assessing the impact of surface area on irrigation water consumption.

scholarly journals Water Resources Management Strategies for Irrigated Agriculture in the Indus Basin of Pakistan

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muzammil ◽  
Azlan Zahid ◽  
Lutz Breuer
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Support Tool

Agriculture of Pakistan relies on the Indus basin, which is facing severe water scarcity conditions. Poor irrigation practices and lack of policy reforms are major threats for water and food security of the country. In this research, alternative water-saving strategies are evaluated through a high spatio-temporal water footprint (WF) assessment (1997–2016) for the Punjab and Sindh provinces, which cover an irrigated area of 17 million hectares in the Indus basin of Pakistan. The SPARE:WATER model is used as a spatial decision support tool to calculate the WF and establish alternative management plans for more sustainable water use. The average water consumption (WFarea) is estimated to 182 km3 yr−1, composed of 75% blue water (irrigation water from surface water and groundwater sources), 17% green water (precipitation) and 8% grey water (water used to remove soil salinity or dilute saline irrigation water). Sugarcane, cotton, and rice are highly water-intensive crops, which consume 57% of the annual water use. However, WFarea can be reduced by up to 35% through optimized cropping patterns of the existing crops with the current irrigation settings and even by up to 50% through the combined implementation of optimal cropping patterns and improved irrigation technologies, i.e., sprinkler and drip irrigation. We recommend that the economic impact of these water-saving strategies should be investigated in future studies to inform stakeholders and policymakers to achieve a more sustainable water policy for Pakistan.

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