scholarly journals Complex resistance of spring bread wheat lines to biotic and abiotic stress

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Wheat Lines

scholarly journals A prebreeding study of introgression spring bread wheat lines carrying combinations of stem rust resistance genes, Sr22+Sr25 and Sr35+Sr25

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 713-722
Author(s):  
S. N. Sibikeev ◽  
O. A. Baranova ◽  
A. E. Druzhin
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
One Year ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

The Sr22, Sr35, and Sr25 genes attract the attention of bread wheat breeders with their effectiveness against Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici race Ug99 and its biotypes. The effectiveness and impact of Sr22+Sr25 and Sr35+Sr25 gene combinations on agronomic traits have not yet been studied. In the present article, these traits were studied using the spring bread wheat lines L503/W3534//L503, L503/Sr35//L503/3/L503 carrying the Sr22+Sr25 and Sr35+Sr25 genes during 2016–2020. These lines were assessed for resistance to P. graminis f. sp. tritici under natural epiphytotics and to the Saratov, Lysogorsk and Omsk populations of the pathogen and to the PgtZ1 (TKSTF) and PgtF18.6 fungus isolates in laboratory conditions (TKSTF + Sr33). The presence of the studied Sr-genes was confirmed by using molecular markers. Prebreeding studies were conducted during 2018–2020 vegetation periods. Under the natural epiphytotics of the pathogen and in the laboratory conditions, the Sr22+Sr25 combination was highly effective, while Sr35+Sr25 was ineffective. For grain yield, the lines with the Sr22+Sr25 and Sr35+Sr25 genes were superior to the recipient cultivar L503 in one year (Sr22+Sr25 in 2019; Sr35+Sr25 in 2018), with a decrease in 2020, but in general there were no differences. For the period 2018–2020, both combinations showed a decrease in 1000 grains weight and an increase in the germination-earing period. The line with Sr22+Sr25 genes showed insignificant effects on gluten and dough tenacity, but the ratio of dough tenacity to extensibility was higher, and flour strength, porosity and bread volume were lower; in the line with Sr35+Sr25 genes, the gluten content was lower, but the strength, tenacity of the dough and the ratio of dough tenacity to extensibility were higher, flour strength and the porosity of the bread were at the recipient level, but the volume of bread was lower.

scholarly journals Molecular identification of the stem rust resistance genes in the introgression lines of spring bread wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Baranova ◽  
S. N. Sibikeev ◽  
A. E. Druzhin
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Pathogen Populations ◽  
Wheat Lines

A total of 57 introgression lines and 11 cultivars of spring bread wheat developed by All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection and cultivated in the Volga Region were analyzed. The lines were obtained with the participation of CIMMYT synthetics, durum wheat cultivars, direct crossing with Agropyron elongatum (CI-7-57) and have introgressions from related species of bread wheat, namely translocations from Ag. elongatum (7DS-7DL-7Ae#1L), Aegilops speltoides (2D-2S), Ae. ventricosum (2AL-2AS-2MV#1), Secale cereale (1BL-1R#1S), 6Agi (6D) substitution from Ag. intermedium and triticale Satu. Cultivars and lines were assessed for resistance to Saratov, Lysogorsk, Derbent and Omsk stem rust pathogen populations (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici), and analyzed for the presence of the known Sr resistance genes using molecular markers. The analysis of the cultivars’ and lines’ resistance to the Saratov pathogen population in the field, as well as to Omsk, Derbent and Lysogorsk populations at the seedling stage, showed the loss of efficiency of the Sr25 and Sr6Agi genes. The Sr31 gene remained effective. Thirty one wheat lines out of 57 (54.4 % of samples) were resistant to all pathogen populations taken into analysis. The Sr31/Lr26, Sr25/Lr19, Sr28, Sr57/Lr34 and Sr38/Lr37 genes were identified in the introgression lines. The Sr31/Lr26 gene was identified in 19 lines (33.3 % of samples). All lines carrying the 1RS.1BL translocation (Sr31/Lr26) were resistant to all pathogen populations taken into analysis. The Sr25/Lr19 gene was identified in 49 lines (86 %). The gene combination Sr31/Lr26+ Sr25/Lr19 was identified in 15 lines (26.3 %). The gene combinations Sr38/Lr37+Sr25/Lr19, Sr57/Lr34+Sr25/Lr19 and Sr31/Lr26+Sr25/Lr19+Sr28 were identified in 3 introgression lines. These three lines were characterized by resistance to the pathogen populations studied in this work. The Sr2, Sr24, Sr26, Sr32, Sr36 and Sr39 genes were not detected in the analyzed wheat lines.

scholarly journals Stem rust in Western Siberia – race composition and effective resistance genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Shamanin ◽  
I. V. Pototskaya ◽  
S. S. Shepelev ◽  
V. E. Pozherukova ◽  
E. A. Salina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Sr Genes

Stem rust in recent years has acquired an epiphytotic character, causing significant economic damage  for wheat production in some parts of Western Siberia. On the basis of a race composition study of the stem rust  populations collected in 2016–2017 in Omsk region and Altai Krai, 13 pathotypes in Omsk population and 10 in  Altai population were identified. The race differentiation of stem rust using a tester set of 20 North American  Sr genes differentiator lines was carried out. The genes of stem rust pathotypes of the Omsk population are avirulent only to the resistance gene Sr31, Altai isolates are avirulent not only to Sr31, but also to Sr24, and Sr30. A low  frequency of virulence (10–25 %) of the Omsk population pathotypes was found for Sr11, Sr24,Sr30, and for Altai  population – Sr7b,Sr9b,Sr11,SrTmp, which are ineffective in Omsk region. Field evaluations of resistance to stem  rust were made in 2016–2018 in Omsk region in the varieties and spring wheat lines from three different sources.  The first set included 58 lines and spring bread wheat varieties with identified Sr genes – the so-called trap nursery  (ISRTN – International Stem Rust Trap Nursery). The second set included spring wheat lines from the Arsenal collection, that were previously selected according to a complex of economically valuable traits, with genes for resistance  to stem rust, including genes introgressed into the common wheat genome from wild cereal species. The third  set included spring bread wheat varieties created in the Omsk State Agrarian University within the framework of  a shuttle breeding program, with a synthetic wheat with the Ae. tauschiigenome in their pedigrees. It was established that the resistance genes Sr31, Sr40,Sr2 complexare effective against stem rust in the conditions of Western  Siberia. The following sources with effective Srgenes were selected: (Benno)/6*LMPG-6 DK42, Seri 82, Cham 10,  Bacanora (Sr31), RL 6087 Dyck (Sr40), Amigo (Sr24,1RS-Am), Siouxland (Sr24,Sr31), Roughrider (Sr6, Sr36), Sisson  (Sr6,Sr31,Sr36), and Fleming (Sr6,Sr24,Sr36,1RS-Am), Pavon 76 (Sr2 complex) from the ISRTN nursery; No. 1 BC 1F2 (96 × 113) × 145 × 113 (Sr2,Sr36,Sr44), No. 14а F 3(96 × 113) × 145 (Sr36,Sr44), No. 19 BC 2F3(96 × 113) × 113 (Sr2, Sr36, Sr44), and No. 20 F 3 (96 × 113) × 145  (Sr2,Sr36,Sr40, Sr44) from the Arsenal collection; and the Omsk State Agrarian  University varieties Element 22 (Sr31,Sr35), Lutescens 27-12, Lutescens 87-12 (Sr23,Sr36), Lutescens 70-13, and  Lutescens 87-13 (Sr23,Sr31,Sr36). These sources are recommended for inclusion in the breeding process for developing stem rust resistant varieties in the region.  

scholarly journals Molecular labeling of Vrn, Ppd genes and vernalization response of the ultra-early lines of spring bread wheat Triticum aestivum L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
B. V. Rigin ◽  
E. V. Zuev ◽  
I. I Matvienko ◽  
A. S. Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Northwestern Russia

Background. The knowledge of genetic control of vernalization response in the ultra-early accessions can facilitate bread wheat breeding for a high adaptive capacity. Materials and methods. The study involved the ultra-early lines Rico (k-65588) and Rimax (k-67257) as the earliest maturing lines in the VIR bread wheat collection, as well as 10 Rifor lines (k-67120, k-67121, k-67250-67256) with a high rate of development before heading. A late ripening accession ‘Forlani Roberto’ (k-42641) and ‘Leningradskaya 6’ variety (k-64900), regionally adapted to Northwestern Russia, were also studied. The alleles of the Vrn and Ppd genes were identified by the PCR analysis using the allele-specific primers published in literature sources. The response to vernalization (30 days at 3°C) and a short 12-hour day were determined using a methodology accepted at VIR. Results. The ultra-early lines respond to a short 12-hour day and 30-day vernalization very poorly. The genotype of ultra-early wheat lines is mainly represented by three genes, Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1a, and Vrn-D1, which ensure insensitivity to vernalization alongside with the expression of Ppd-D1a, which controls the response to photoperiod. The ultra-early lines Rifor 4 and Rifor 5 have a recessive allele vrn-A1a, like the original ‘Forlani Roberto’ accession. The lines Rifor 4 and Rifor 5 are vernalization-insensitive under the long day and have a very weak response under the short day (3.5±0.42 days and 4.0±0.61 days, respectively). However, ‘Forlani Roberto’ with the vrn-A1a gene responds to vernalization in the same way under any photoperiod (12.3±1.58 days and 12.2±0.74 days). Conclusion The ultra-early lines of bread wheat Rifor 4 and Rifor 5 with the vrn-A1a gene can have no response to vernalization or have a low level response. This effect can be a reason for the formation of a complex of modifier genes along with the dominant gene Vrn-D1, which forms during the hybridization of F7-8 Rico × Forlani Roberto. The ultra-early lines of bread wheat Rico, Rimax and Rifor (k-67120, k-67121, k-67250-67256) can serve as effective sources of genes for earliness in common wheat breeding.

scholarly journals Grain quality in bread wheat lines T. aestivum with introgression of genetic material T. dicoccoides and T. dicoccum

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-718
Author(s):  
O. A. Orlovskaya ◽  
S. I. Vakula ◽  
L. V. Khotyleva ◽  
A. V. Kilchevsky
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Gluten Quality ◽  
Gluten Content ◽  
Wheat Lines

Related wild and cultural wheat species are regularly involved for expanding T. aestivum genetic diversity because they contain many valuable genes. We evaluated the effect of the genetic material of tetraploid species of the genus Triticum (T. dicoccoides, T. dicoccum) on the grain quality of introgression lines of spring bread wheat. The composition of the high molecular weight glutenin subunits which play an essential role in the formation of wheat baking properties was identified in the introgression lines of bread wheat and their parental forms. The traits of grain quality (hardness, protein and gluten content, gluten quality) were also evaluated. The lines with Glu-1 loci alleles from wheat relatives T. dicoccoides and Т. dicoccum were selected. It was found that the introgression of alien genetic material into the common wheat genome had a positive effect on the parameters of grain quality such as hardness, protein and gluten content. The lines with Glu-A1 loci alleles from T. dicoccoides and Glu-B1 from T. dicoccum were at the level of a parent wheat variety or of a higher gluten quality. As a result of the research, the new lines of bread soft wheat with high grain quality were found and can be used in the crop breeding.

scholarly journals The study of the effects of reducing the negative influence of 1BL-1RS translocation on the bread making quality in spring bread wheat lines

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Sergey Nikolaevich Sibikeev ◽  
Alexander Yevgenyevich Druzhin ◽  
Lyubov Vladimirovna Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Synthetic Hexaploid ◽  
Wheat Lines

The effects of the combinations 7DS-7DL-7Ae#1L (Lr19 gene) and 1BL-1RS (Lr26 gene) translocations, substitution of 6D(6Agi) (Lr6Agi gene) and 1BL-1RS translocation, as well as translocations of 7DS-7DL-7Ae#1L, 1BL-1RS and Lr39 gene on the bread making quality were evaluated in spring bread wheat introgressive lines. It was found that the genotype of recipient, the 1BL-1RS translocation donor, and the vegetation conditions have a great influence on the parameters quality of flour and bread. The role of selection within a single crosses combination for production of lines with good quality indicators is revealed. The high compensatory ability of the cultivar L505 and the synthetic hexaploid line with the pedigree Croc/Ae.squarosa(205)//Weaver (1BL-1RS translocation + Lr39 gene) for reducing the negative effect of the 1BL-1RS translocation on bread making quality was noted.

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