scholarly journals NR2 antibodies as diagnostic and prognostic stroke biomarker

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
M. P. Topuzova ◽  
T. M. Alekseeva ◽  
E. B. Panina ◽  
T. V. Vavilova ◽  
M. L. Pospelova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Antibodies To Glutamate ◽  
The Brain

Given the high percentage of disability and mortality resulting from a stroke, search of new ways to improve early diagnosis and optimize therapeutic approaches is highly relevant. The article reviews the studies of NR2 antibodies to glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors as a biomarker in acute stroke. The review shows that this biomarker is suitable for determining the presence of ischemic process in the brain and the degree of destruction of brain tissue, both in the first hours of stroke and at follow-up. In addition, the analysis of NR2 antibodies can be informative to predict the worsening, the increase in the locus size, which can contribute to the timely correction of treatment and will improve the effectiveness of the therapy. The prognostic potential of NR2 antibodies can be used for personalized therapeutic approach. However, currently the lack of studies of NR2 antibodies in acute stroke requires further study of this biomarker.

Brain volume changes in spontaneous intracranial hypotension: Revisiting the Monro-Kellie doctrine

Cephalalgia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 033310242095038
Author(s):  
Jr-Wei Wu ◽  
Yen-Feng Wang ◽  
Shu-Shya Hseu ◽  
Shu-Ting Chen ◽  
Yung-Lin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Intracranial Hypotension ◽  
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Tissue Volume ◽  
Fixed Constant ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Volume

Objectives In the application of the Monro-Kellie doctrine in spontaneous intracranial hypotension, the brain tissue volume is generally considered as a fixed constant. Traditionally, cerebral venous dilation is thought to compensate for decreased cerebrospinal fluid. However, whether brain tissue volume is invariable has not yet been explored. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether brain tissue volume is fixed or variable in spontaneous intracranial hypotension patients using automatic quantitative methods. Methods This retrospective and longitudinal study analyzed spontaneous intracranial hypotension patients between 1 January 2007 and 31 July 2015. Voxel-based morphometry was used to examine brain volume changes during and after the resolution of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Brain structure volume was analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping version 12 and FMRIB Software Library v6.0. Post-treatment neuroimages were used as surrogate baseline measures. Results Forty-four patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension were analyzed (mean [standard deviation] age, 37.8 [8.5] years; 32 female and 12 male). The whole brain tissue volume was decreased during spontaneous intracranial hypotension compared to follow-up (1180.3 [103.5] mL vs. 1190.4 [93.1] mL, difference: −10.1 mL [95% confidence interval: −18.4 to −1.8 mL], p = 0.019). In addition, ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volume was decreased during spontaneous intracranial hypotension compared to follow-up (15.8 [6.1] mL vs. 18.9 [6.9] mL, difference: −3.2 mL [95% confidence interval: −4.5 to −1.8 mL], p < 0.001). Longer anterior epidural cerebrospinal fluid collections, as measured by number of vertebral segments, were associated with greater reduction of ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volume (Pearson’s r = −0.32, p = 0.036). Conclusion The current study found the brain tissue volume and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid are decreased in spontaneous intracranial hypotension patients. The change in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volume, but not brain tissue volume change, was associated with the severity of spinal cerebrospinal fluid leakage. These results challenge the assumption that brain tissue volume is a fixed constant.

Convexity Meningioma Presenting as Postpartum Eclampsia

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bello B Shehu ◽  
Nasiru J Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neurological Features ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Tomography Scan ◽  
Progressive Weakness ◽  
In Pregnancy

A 37-year-old woman, Para 5+0 presented with a 1 year history of recurrent convulsions and progressive weakness of the right side of the body. She had been treated for postpartum eclampsia in her last delivery but symptoms recurred 3 months later. Evaluation including computerized tomography scan of the brain suggested a parieto-temporal meningioma, which was completely excised at craniotomy. Histology confirmed this to be a meningioma. The patient was well at 8 months of follow up. The growth of meningiomas may increase during pregnancy due to presence of receptors for progestational hormones in the tumour and the meningioma may become symptomatic in pregnancy, presenting as eclampsia. Close follow up of patients with eclampsia is necessary to identify neurological features that may lead to a diagnosis of meningioma. Early diagnosis is essential if a good outcome is to be ensured.

scholarly journals Auditory Hallucinations in Acute Stroke

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yair Lampl ◽  
Mordechai Lorberboym ◽  
Ronit Gilad ◽  
Mona Boaz ◽  
Menachem Sadeh
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ischemic Lesion ◽  
Cortical Stroke ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Auditory hallucinations are uncommon phenomena which can be directly caused by acute stroke, mostly described after lesions of the brain stem, very rarely reported after cortical strokes. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of this phenomenon. In a cross sectional study, 641 stroke patients were followed in the period between 1996–2000. Each patient underwent comprehensive investigation and follow-up. Four patients were found to have post cortical stroke auditory hallucinations. All of them occurred after an ischemic lesion of the right temporal lobe. After no more than four months, all patients were symptom-free and without therapy. The fact the auditory hallucinations may be of cortical origin must be taken into consideration in the treatment of stroke patients. The phenomenon may be completely reversible after a couple of months.

scholarly journals Cerebrovascular and Neuroprotective Effects of Adamantane Derivative

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben S. Mirzoyan ◽  
Tamara S. Gan’shina ◽  
Denis V. Maslennikov ◽  
Georgy I. Kovalev ◽  
Ivan A. Zimin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Brain Ischemia ◽  
Adamantane Derivative ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
The Brain

Objectives. The influence of 5-hydroxyadamantane-2-on was studied on the rats’ brain blood flow and on morphological state of brain tissue under the condition of brain ischemia. The interaction of the substance with NMDA receptors was also studied.Methods. Study has been implemented using the methods of local blood flow registration by laser flowmeter, [3H]-MK-801binding, and morphological examination of the brain tissue. We used the models of global transient ischemia of the brain, occlusion of middle cerebral artery, and hypergravity ischemia of the brain.Results. Unlike memantine, antagonist of glutamatergic receptors, the 5-hydroxyadamantane-2-on does not block NMDA receptors but enhances the cerebral blood flow of rats with brain ischemia. This effect is eliminated by bicuculline. Under conditions of permanent occlusion of middle cerebral artery, 5-hydroxyadamantane-2-on has recovered compensatory regeneration in neural cells, axons, and glial cells, and the number of microcirculatory vessels was increased. 5-Hydroxyadamantane-2-on was increasing the survival rate of animals with hypergravity ischemia.Conclusions. 5-Hydroxyadamantane-2-on, an adamantane derivative, which is not NMDA receptors antagonist, demonstrates significant cerebrovascular and neuroprotective activity in conditions of brain ischemia. Presumably, the GABA-ergic system of brain vessels is involved in mechanisms of cerebrovascular and neuroprotective activity of 5-hydroxyadamantane-2-on.

Advances in the therapeutic approach of pudendal neuralgia: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Murer ◽  
Guillaume Polidori ◽  
Fabien Beaumont ◽  
Fabien Bogard ◽  
Élisa Polidori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pudendal Neuralgia ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Abstract Context Although pudendal neuralgia (PN) has received growing interest over the last few years, diagnosis remains difficult, and many different therapeutic approaches can be considered. Objectives This article aims to provide an overview of the possible treatments of PN and investigate their efficacies. Methods Utilizing PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, a systematic review was carried out and allowed identification of studies involving patients with PN, as defined by Nantes criteria, and their associated treatments. Relevant data were manually reported. Results Twenty-eight articles were selected, totaling 1,013 patients (mean age, 49 years) and six different types of interventions. Clinical outcomes, most frequently quantified utilizing the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), vary greatly with both the therapy and time after intervention (from 100 to <10%). However, neither peri nor postoperative serious complications (grade > II of Clavien–Dindo classification) are reported. Although surgery seems to provide a higher proportion of long-term benefits, identifying the most efficient therapeutic approach is made impossible by the multitude of outcome measurements and follow-up frequencies. It should also be noted that literature is sparse regarding randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up. Conclusions Although there are a number of modalities utilized for the treatment of PN, there are no current recommendations based on treatment efficacies. This seems to be largely in part caused by the lack of standardization in outcome quantification. Future research in this field should focus on prospective cohort studies with high levels of evidence, aimed at assessing the long-term, if not permanent, benefits of available therapies.

Occhio all’asimmetria toracica alla nascita... e se fosse la sindrome di Poland?

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
Antonella Di Caprio ◽  
Luca Bedetti ◽  
Simona F. Madeo ◽  
Laura Lucaccioni ◽  
Federica Roversi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Poland Syndrome ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Limb Defects ◽  
Rare Congenital Disorder

Poland syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by agenesis of the pectoralis major muscle. It is usually unilateral and right-sided and can be associated with several thoracic and upper limb defects. Early diagnosis and timely therapeutic approaches play an important role, improving the quality of life of patients and their families. This case report aims to show the benefits of early diagnosis, especially for follow-up management.

Radiation dose and incidence of new metastasis in the anterior temporal lobe structures of radiosurgically treated patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhuvaneswara R. Basina ◽  
Claire Olson ◽  
Dibyendu Kumar Roy ◽  
Chun-Po Yen ◽  
David Schlesinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Gamma Knife Surgery ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
The Brain

Object Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) is frequently used to treat patients with metastasis to the brain. Radiosurgery seeks to limit radiation to the brain tissue surrounding the metastatic deposits. In patients with such lesions, a low radiation dose to the eloquent brain may help to prevent adverse effects. In this study the authors aimed to quantify the radiosurgical dose delivered to the anterior temporal structures in cases of metastatic brain lesions. They also evaluated the incidence and timing of new metastases in the anterior temporal lobes (ATLs) in patient cohorts that underwent GKS with or without whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT). Methods The authors retrospectively analyzed 100 patients with metastatic brain lesions treated with GKS at the University of Virginia Health System. The anterior 5 cm of the temporal lobes and the hippocampi within the ATLs were contoured on the Gamma Knife planning station. Using the dose-volume histogram function in GammaPlan, treatment parameters for the metastases as well as radiation doses to the contoured ATLs and hippocampi were measured. Patients had clinical and MR imaging follow-ups at 3-month intervals. The ATLs and hippocampal regions were evaluated for the formation of new metastases on follow-up imaging. Results The demographic data—age, sex, Karnofsky Performance Scale score, number of temporal metastases at the time of GKS, total volume of metastatic tumors per patient, and number of intracranial metastatic deposits—were similar in the 2 cohorts. In patients without an ATL metastasis at the time of GKS, the mean maximum, 50% volume, and integral doses of radiation to the anterior temporal structures were very low: 2.6 Gy, 0.6 Gy, and 36.3 mJ in the GKS cohort and 2.1 Gy, 0.6 Gy, and 40.9 mJ in the GKS+WBRT cohort, respectively. Among the ATLs that had not shown a brain metastasis at the time of GKS, 8 of 92 temporal lobes in the GKS cohort and 10 of 89 in the GKS+WBRT cohort demonstrated a new anterior temporal lesion on follow-up MR imaging. Conclusions Gamma Knife surgery delivered a low dose of background radiation to the ATLs and hippocampi. The incidence of a new ATL metastasis in the GKS cohort was not higher than in the GKS+WBRT cohort. Gamma Knife surgery in the management of brain metastases limits the delivery of radiation to eloquent brain tissue without evidence of an appreciable propensity to develop new metastatic disease in the ATLs or hippocampi. This therapeutic approach may help to avoid unintended neurological dysfunction due to nonspecific delivery of radiation to eloquent brain tissues.

scholarly journals THE POSSIBILITY OF USING GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN AS A BIOMARKER IN THE ACUTE PERIOD OF STROKE

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
M. P. Topuzova ◽  
T. M. Alekseeva ◽  
E. B. Panina ◽  
T. V. Vavilova ◽  
O. A. Portik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Acidic Protein ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Acute Period ◽  
The World

High mortality and disability resulting from a stroke throughout the world is the cause of fi nding new opportunities to improve early diagnosis and optimize therapeutic approaches. The article presents a review of the literature devoted to the study of glial fi brillary acidic protein (GFAP) as a biomarker in the acute period of stroke, which showed that its use is possible not only to diff erentiate the ischemic and hemorrhagic process, but also to determine the degree of destruction of brain tissue, as in the fi rst hours of a stroke, and in the dynamics. In addition, the GFAP analysis can be useful for monitoring the course of the disease, control the eff ectiveness of therapy, as well as to predict outcomes.

scholarly journals Development of herpetic infection associated with stroke and its correction with acyclovir

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Аlla Gumenyuk ◽  
Natalia Motorna ◽  
Svetlana Rybalko ◽  
Sergey Savosko ◽  
Liudmyla Sokurenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Experimental Stroke ◽  
World Population ◽  
Serological Method ◽  
Dot Elisa ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Hsv 1

Abstract Background: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is prevalent in today’s world population, and there is evidence of potential HSV reactivation in patients with immune deficiency induced by acute stroke. However, the data on the use of antivirals in the setting of stroke are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reactivation of HSV-1 in patients with stroke, using several methods, and to assess the efficacy of acyclovir in the treatment of experimental stroke. In the employed methodology, PCR and dot-ELISA were used to detect the occurrence of HSV-1 in patients with acute stroke. White mice were infected with HSV-1 and experimental stroke was simulated. The infected mice with stroke were subdivided into two groups: one of them received no treatment, while the other one was treated with acyclovir. The level of HSV-1 reactivation was determined by the methods used in human patients. The brain tissue of experimental animals was also subjected to morphological and morphometrical study. The results of such work reveal that, by the applied serological method, HSV-1 was found in all patients with stroke. Herein, the increased level of HSV-1 was seen in the brain tissue and blood in 100% of the experimental infected animals. However, the use of acyclovir suppressed reproduction of HSV-1. Hence, it can be concluded that clinical and laboratory studies have demonstrated the different sensitivity of Dot-Elisa and PCR, with the former being more sensitive. Moreover, the use of acyclovir in the experiment inhibited viral reproduction and further development of viral infection. Still, chemic lesions in the brain persisted.

Lessons From the Neural Bases of Speech and Voice

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Christy L. Ludlow
Keyword(s):  
Brain Networks ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Voice Behavior ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Neural Bases ◽  
Sound Foundation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Normal Speech

The premise of this article is that increased understanding of the brain bases for normal speech and voice behavior will provide a sound foundation for developing therapeutic approaches to establish or re-establish these functions. The neural substrates involved in speech/voice behaviors, the types of muscle patterning for speech and voice, the brain networks involved and their regulation, and how they can be externally modulated for improving function will be addressed.

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