scholarly journals A AMAZÔNIA DE ADRIAN COWELL: A Década da Destruição (1980 a 1990)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 202018
Author(s):  
Gustavo Henrique Cepolini Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Territorial Conflicts ◽  
Rubber Tappers ◽  
Traditional Communities

THE AMAZON OF ADRIAN COWELL: The Decade of Destruction (1980 to 1990)L´AMAZONIE SELON ADRIAN COWELL: La Decenie de la Destruction (1980 a 1990)RESUMONesse ensaio analisa-se a Amazônia revelada na obra cinematográfica de Adrian Cowell a partir de alguns elementos da série “A década da destruição”, os quais remetem ao arcabouço geográfico sobre as transformações territoriais recentes na Amazônia. Para isso, foi necessária a transcrição (decupagem) dos principais documentários da referida série para que as análises dos contextos abordados por Cowell permitissem reafirmar as estratégias e disputas envolvendo inúmeros destruidores e vítimas desse árduo processo histórico como indicado por Milanez (2013), Rios (2008) e Cowell (1990 e 2008). Trata-se, portanto, de uma leitura geográfica dos conflitos territoriais e ambientais materializados na Amazônia, envolvendo indígenas, posseiros, sem terra, seringueiros, entre outros povos e comunidades tradicionais imersos em conflitos e disputas; seja sob a égide da Ditadura ou Democracia os conflitos seguem vigentes.Palavras-chave: Amazônia; Conflitos Territoriais; Documentários; Década da Destruição.ABSTRACTIn this essay the Amazon revealed in the films of Adrian Cowell is analyzed from some elements of the series “The Decade of Destruction”, which refer to the geographic structure on recent territorial transformations in the Amazon. Thus, it was necessary to write down the main documentaries of this series, to facilitate the analyzes of the contexts covered by Cowell allowed and reaffirm the strategies and disputes involving countless destroyers and victims of this arduous historical process as indicated by Milanez (2013), Rios ( 2008) and Cowell (1990 and 2008). It is, therefore, a geographic interpretation of the territorial and environmental conflicts materialized in the Amazon, involving indigenous people, squatters, landless, rubber tappers, among other peoples and traditional communities, immersed in conflicts and disputes, whether under the aegis of the Dictatorship or Democracy conflicts are still ongoing.Keywords: Amazon; Territorial Conflicts; Documentaries; Decade of Destruction.RÉSUMÉDans cet article on analyse l´Amazonie qui apparaît dans l´œuvre cinématographique d´ Adrian Cowell. Cela est fait à partir de quelques élements de la série – La décenie de la destruction – qui renvoient au cadre géographique des transformations territoriales les plus recentes dans l´Amazonie. Il a fallu faire auparavant le decoupage des principaux documentaires de la série pour que les analyses des contextes qui apparaissent en Cowell permettaient de réafirmer les stratégies et les litiges entre les inombrables destructeurs et les victimes de ce procès historique difficil indiqué par Milanez (2013), Rios (2008) e Cowell (1990 e 2008). Il s´agit donc d´une lecture géographique des conflits territoriaux et environnementaux matérialisés dans l´Amazonie et qui concernent les indigènes, les “posseiros”, les sans-terre, les manipulateurs de caoutchouc et d´autres peuples et communautés traditionelles plongés dans des conflits et querelles, soit sous la dictature, soit sous la démocratie.Mots-clés: Amazonie; Conflits Territoriaux; Documentaires; Décenie de la Destruction. 

scholarly journals Percevejos-de-renda (Hemiptera: Tingidae) associados ao cultivo da mandioca na terra indígena Kaxinawá de Nova Olinda, Acre, com novo registro para o Brasil

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Souza Santos ◽  
Luci Boa Nova Coelho ◽  
Ana Paula Gonçalves da Silva Wengrat
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
New Record ◽  
First Record ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Lace Bugs ◽  
First Time ◽  
Traditional Communities ◽  
Indigenous Land

Resumo. O cultivo da mandioca tem importância socioeconômica e de subsistência na região Norte do Brasil, sendo uma prática adotada principalmente em pequenas propriedades, por comunidades tradicionais, agricultores familiares e indígenas. Foi verificada a presença de colônias de percevejos-de-renda em plantios de mandioca localizados na terra indígena Kaxinawá de Nova Olinda, Feijó, estado do Acre. Os insetos foram capturados diretamente nas plantas, sendo identificadas as espécies Vatiga manihotae (Drake), Vatiga illudens (Drake) e Gargaphia opima Drake. Configuram-se os primeiros registros de V. manihotae, V. illudens e G. opima no estado do Acre, sendo esta última, o primeiro registro para o Brasil.Lace bugs (Hemiptera: Tingidae) associated with cassava cultivation in Nova Olinda’s Kaxinawá indigenous land, in Acre state, with new record for BrazilAbstract. Cassava cultivation has socioeconomic and subsistence importance in the northern region of Brazil, being a practice mainly adopted in small farms, by traditional communities, family farmers and indigenous people. It was verified the presence of colonies of lace bugs in cassava cultivation located in Nova Olinda’s Kaxinawá indigenous land, municipality of Feijó, Acre state, Brazil. The insects were captured directly in the plants, being identified the species Vatiga manihotae (Drake), Vatiga illudens (Drake) and Gargaphia opima Drake. Therefore, the occurrence of V. manihotae, V. illudens and G. opima in Acre state is recorded for the first time. In addition, G. opima is the first record for Brazil.

scholarly journals Cuerpo mapuche en campos de concentración: excepción y diferencia en la Conquista del desierto / Mapuche’s body in concentration camps: an exception and a difference in the Conquest of the desert

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Martín LLancaman Cárdenas
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Philosophical Hermeneutics ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Mapuche People

Este artículo revisa el proceso histórico de la ‘Conquista del desierto’ y la existencia de campos de concentración para indígenas en Argentina a través de una lectura de hermenéutica filosófica. El objetivo del artículo es interpretar el periodo y el uso de campos como instancias que configuraron la diferenciación del pueblo mapuche como sujeto racializado en la sociedad argentina. Los resultados de la exposición muestran que la marginación del cuerpo mapuche ocurre por el registro de excepciones y que aquella es disputada por sujetos mapuche.   This paper reviews the historical process of the ‘Conquest of the Desert’ and the existence of concentration camps for indigenous people in Argentina. The research is conducted through philosophical hermeneutics. The objective of the paper is to read the period and the use concentration camps as instances that shaped the differentiation of the Mapuche people as a racialized subject in Argentine society. The results of the argumentation show that marginalization of the Mapuche body occurs through the registration of exceptions, which is disputed by Mapuche subjects.

The Road to Taisha: Indigenous Protests for Road Infrastructure in the Ecuadorian Amazon and the Ontological Turn

Sociologus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-32
Author(s):  
Victor Cova
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Core ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Ecuadorian Amazon ◽  
Ontological Turn

This contribution examines protests by Shuar people in the Ecuadorian Amazon during the summer of 2015 in favour of the construction of a road through their territory. Can the ontological turn help us understand such events? Debates around the ontological turn have hinged around its potential contribution to the analysis of environmental challenges and political conflicts. In this article, I argue that central concepts from the ontological turn – such as animism (Descola 2005) or perspectivism (Viveiros de Castro 2004) – may add nuance but not substance to anthropological understandings of environmental conflicts. I focus on the stakes of these conflicts, the construction of alliances, and the tactics used by the different stakeholders. Taking to heart one of the core premises of the ontological turn, we may think that Western concepts of “nature” and “culture” may hinder our understanding of indigenous Amazonian people’s participation in these conflicts. I argue on the contrary that efforts to overcome these concepts may precisely risk concealing or distorting the actions and statements of indigenous people involved in the conflict.

scholarly journals Indigenous Territoriality: External Discourses and Native Perspectives on the Space Inhabited by Tegria’s U’wa Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Fernando Gamba-Barón ◽  
Daniel Esteban Unigarro-Caguasango ◽  
Nohora Inés Carvajal-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Eastern Slope ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Construction Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Collaborative Construction ◽  
History Of

Tegria’s community is part of the U’wa indigenous people, who have inhabited the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy since the pre-Hispanic period, in the jurisdiction of the current municipality of Cubara in Boyaca (Colombia). However, this region known as Sarare has been described from anthropological, ethnohistorical, linguistical, and to a lesser extent, geographical approaches, which have generated representations of territory that ignore the historical process of indigenous people. To account for the present territoriality, it was proposed to contrast these external discourses with the community’s visions on its history of occupation and the transformations of the inhabited space, compiled through participatory methodologies that sought the collaborative construction of knowledge based on joint recognition of the place, the participant observation and the constant dialogue between indigenous and researchers. In this way, it was established that the external discourses show a territory that does not correspond to the processes of appropriation, adaptation, and reconfiguration of the space that the U’wa indigenous community has lived through and are evident in everyday settings such as the cultivation plot and the school. Therefore, it is only possible to recognize indigenous territoriality by exploring other alternatives, expressions, and perspectives that involve directly the communities and are not external to the context of the inquiry itself.

scholarly journals PRÁTICAS DE RESISTÊNCIA DE TERRA E MAR: PARENTESCO E MODOS DE EXISTIR NA VILA DO ESTEVÃO, CEARÁ, BRASIL / LAND AND SEA RESISTANCE PRACTICES: KINSHIP AND MODES OF EXISTENCE IN VILA DO ESTEVÃO, CEARÁ, BRASIL

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (50) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luísa Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
New Production ◽  
Local Responses ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Territorial Conflicts ◽  
Shrimp Farms ◽  
Modes Of Existence ◽  
Traditional Communities

Os conflitos territoriais de terra e mar e as constantes investidas fundiárias nos territórios costeiros são uma realidade imediata para os povos do mar. Nesse contexto, destacamse projetos privados e políticas públicas para o turismo; para novas fontes energéticas, como as eólicas; e para novos campos produtivos, como a criação de camarão e o prevalecimento das tecnologias industriais de pesca sobre as artesanais. A experiência da Vila do Estevão – uma “comunidade” de pescadores localizada na praia de Canoa Quebrada, município de Aracati, litoral leste do estado do Ceará – apresentada neste artigo busca contribuições para o campo de questões sobre as práticas de resistência das chamadas comunidades tradicionais, sobre a invenção do cotidiano e a construção de respostas locais. O registro dessa experiência versa em torno de dois temas centrais que discutem formas situacionais de práticas e relações nativas: modos locais de fazer parentesco e modos de existir. ABSTRACTLand and sea territorial conflicts and constant speculative approaches on coastal territories are an immediate reality for the ‘sea people’. In this context, private projects and public policies for touristic purposes, as well as projects for alternative energy sources such as wind farms, and for new production fields such as shrimp farms and the prevailing industrial fishing technology over artisanal fisheries have significant importance. The experience of Vila do Estevão – a fishermen’s ‘community’ settled in Canoa Quebrada beach, Aracati, east coast of the Ceará state, Brazil – shown is this article searches for contributions for the questions regarding resistance practices of the so-called traditional communities, the invention of quotidian and the construction of local responses. The records of this experience are developed around two central themes that discuss situational forms of native practices and relations: local ways of kinship and forms of existence.

scholarly journals INDIGENOUS LANDS: FROM THE COLONY TO CURRENTITY

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Native People ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Culture History ◽  
Indigenous Lands ◽  
Bibliographic Search

This article focuses on the problem of the demarcation of indigenous territory in Brazil, identifying the entire historical process, from colonization to the present day. Using a bibliographic search and presenting data and facts that justify all the obstacles that the indigenous people face since the arrival of the Portuguese, it was possible to identify all the problems surrounding indigenous territorial law. In addition, a descriptive research was carried out, based on a questionnaire to approximate what was presented with public opinion and to clarify the position of aborigines before society in general, today. Furthermore, the questions asked to the people, confirmed the thought that, over the years, the Indians have lost more than won, which is not only a matter of wealth, but of culture, history and legitimacy as the native people of that State. Therefore, it is clear that the evils of colonization still reflect in the lives of the indigenous people, who were formerly the “owners” of the land, today they must fight for their rights to guarantee their survival and the few demarcations that remain.

scholarly journals AS LEIS Nº. 10.639/03 E Nº. 11.645/08: DOS MARCADORES SOCIAIS DA DIFERENÇA À FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES INDÍGENAS E NEGROS

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-137
Author(s):  
Vilma Aparecida Pinho ◽  
Francilene de Aguiar Parente
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Traditional Communities

This article approaches the training of teachers in the context of differentiated education in the Ethnodevelopment course of the Federal University of Pará (UFPA). Based on the Pedagogy of Alternation, the course under analysis is aimed at differentiated public such as indigenous people, quilombolas, black and traditional communities. The study discusses the importance of these subjects as social agents for the proposition of transformation in their collectivities and communities, in the different spaces they occupy and through which they circulate. The non-place of the indigenous, the black and the quilombola in basic education by our graduates demarcates the ideological force of an epistemology that obscures the understanding of ethnically differentiated subjects and diversity as a perspective and centralized place to think about social relations and life in society. Through the qualitative methodology, research focusing on life trajectories indicates that in teacher training, the perspective of education for diversity has been observed as a strategy for teachers and communities to exercise respect for the difference. In addition, these individuals have been represented as teachers, researchers, political articulators, among other functions and social roles.

scholarly journals Construção da crítica à oceanografia clássica: contribuições a partir da oceanografia socioambiental

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-41
Author(s):  
Gustavo Goulart Moreira Moura
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Coastal Management ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Marine Environmental ◽  
Traditional Communities ◽  
Applied Social Sciences

RESUMO Muitos pesquisadores das áreas clássicas da Oceanografia negam as humanidades na ciência oceanográfica, apesar de historicamente terem dialogado com o que há de mais conservador nas ciências humanas e sociais aplicadas. Na virada para o século XXI, diversos pesquisadores têm criado novas formas de fazer oceanografia dentro do marco do socioambientalismo, após várias iniciativas nas instituições mais antigas de Oceanografia Clássica do Brasil nas décadas de 1980-90 no campo da Educação Ambiental. Esta Nova Oceanografia, ou Oceanografia Socioambiental (OS), surge em oposição às áreas clássicas da Oceanografia criando campos de disputa em linhas de pesquisa já existentes e produzindo linhas de pesquisa próprias, como a História Oceanográfica, a Etnooceanografia, o Gerenciamento Costeiro Pós/decolonial e a Educação Ambiental Marinho-Costeira crítica (EAMC), por exemplo. Este artigo tem o objetivo de construir algumas críticas à Oceanografia Clássica em uma perspectiva da OS, definindo preliminarmente o objeto de pesquisa desta nova oceanografia e apontando suas contribuições para a EAMC. Ao definir este objeto, aponta-se que a produção de maritimidades engajadas em contextos de conflitos socioambientais junto a povos e comunidades tradicionais pode ser uma das diretrizes da Educação Ambiental Marinho-Costeira crítica. Palavras-chave: Oceanografia Socioambiental, Educação Ambiental Marinho-Costeira crítica, Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais. ABSTRACT Several researchers working in classic Oceanography fields deny the Humanities in the Oceanography Science, despite having established a dialogue with the most conservative approaches in both Social Sciences and Applied Social Sciences. At the turn of the 21st century, several researchers are creating new forms of Oceanography inside a socio-environmentalism framework, after many initiatives of the Environmental Education field conducted by some of the oldest Classical Oceanography institutions in Brazil during the 80’s and 90’s. This New Oceanography, or a Socio-Environmental Oceanography, emerges in opposition to the classic areas in Oceanography, creating disputes in the research area that already exist and producing its own research lines, like Oceanography History, Etno-Oceanography, Postcolonial or Decolonial Coastal Management, and Costal-Marine Environmental Education, for example. This paper aims to identify and discuss some of the main epistemological bases of Classical Oceanography and Socio-Environmental Oceanography. When defining this object of study, we emphasize that the production of engaged maritimities in the context of socio-environmental conflicts among traditional communities and peoples could be one of the main guides to critical Costal-Marine Environmental Education. Keywords: Socio-Environmental Oceanography; Critical Costal-Marine Environmental Education; Traditional Communities and Peoples

scholarly journals Conflictos territoriales en la comunidad de Wasakín, municipio de Rosita, Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (RAAN)

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pio Alejandro García Izaguirre
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Principal Factor ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Territorial Conflicts ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Estudio De Caso

Este estudio de caso sobre conflictos territoriales en la comunidad de Wasakín, municipio de Rosita Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (RAAN), fue descriptivo, en el análisis y valoración a dichos problemas hasta el año 2006, se han descrito las consecuencias y propuestas  para darle salida al conflicto. Es un estudio de caso de Antropología Cultural, con el  auxilio de las ciencias de la Etnografía, Historia, y Geografía para estudiar conflictos ocasionados por el recurso  tierra.Los resultados revelan que el principal factor de los conflictos lo han constituido los mestizos procedentes del Pacífico y Centro de Nicaragua, que llegaron  entre 1916, 1957,  en busca de mejores condiciones de vida. A partir de entonces, se han generado otras olas migratorias (1990), que han provocado conflictos socio-ambientales por la competencia de los recursos, la tierra, bosques, ríos y en contextos de relaciones sociales asimétricas. En lo político, los conflictos han tenido sus raíces en el Estado Nacional por el irrespeto e incumplimiento a los derechos de los pueblos indígenas, al ceder la explotación de los recursos naturales por extranjeros, principalmente por la ausencia de delimitación y titulación formal de sus territorios. SummaryThis study of territorial conflicts in Wasakin community, municipality of Rosita, North Autonomous Atlantic Region (RAAN), was mainly descriptive; the analysis and assessment of such problems until 2006, have described the consequences and proposals to be able to find a solution to the conflict. It is a case study of Cultural Anthropology, with the assistance of the sciences of Ethnography, History, and Geography to study conflicts that are caused by land resource.The results reveal that the main factor of conflicts have been the Mestizos from the Pacific of Nicaragua, who arrived between 1916 and 1957, seeking for better living conditions. Since then, other waves of immigration have been created (1990), which have caused social and environmental conflicts for the competition of resources, land, forests, and rivers in an asymmetric social context. Politically, the conflicts have been rooted in the national government due to the disrespect and violation of the rights of indigenous peoples, by handing over the exploitation of natural resources to foreigners, mainly by the absence of formal demarcation and titling of their territories.

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