scholarly journals What Support? Foucault, Power, and the Construction of Rape

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliraza Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Male Rape ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Voluntary Agency ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Constructions ◽  
Voluntary Agencies

This paper is concerned with the social and cultural constructions of male rape in voluntary agencies, England. Using sociological, cultural, and post-structural theoretical frameworks, mainly the works of Foucault, I demonstrate the ways in which male rape is constructed and reconstructed in such agencies. Social and power relations, social structures, and time and place shape their discourses, cultures, and constructions pertaining to male rape. This means that constructions of male rape are neither fixed, determined, nor unchanging at any time and place, but rather negotiated and fluid. I theorize the data—which was collected through semi-structured interviews and qualitative questionnaires—including male rape counselors, therapists, and voluntary agency caseworkers. The theoretical and conceptual underpinnings that frame and elucidate the data contribute to sociological understandings of male rape.

The invisible, the alien and the marginal: Social and cultural constructions of male rape in voluntary agencies

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliraza Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Rape Victims ◽  
Male Rape ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Voluntary Agency ◽  
English Society ◽  
Cultural Constructions ◽  
Voluntary Agencies

Drawing on a Foucauldian approach and on interview data including male rape counsellors, therapists and voluntary agency caseworkers ( N=70), the author attempts to make sense of the different ways in which male rape is constructed in order to better understand how it is considered and responded to in current English society. The qualitative data herein, which were collected through semi-structured interviews and qualitative questionnaires, are theoretically and conceptually informed. The author argues that male rape is socially and culturally constructed in voluntary agencies in England and shaped by discourse, power and knowledge. For example, discourse on male rape is constructed and reconstructed through social and power relations, and through social interactions between voluntary agency practitioners and male rape victims, accompanied by the attendant social structures and social practices. The implication of these arguments is that the voluntary agency practitioners think about and respond to male rape victims in an inconsistent, unpredictable and variable way, meaning that the practitioners are reliant on different discourses and cultural myths about male rape when providing support and services for male rape victims.

The Second Darwinian Revolution: Steps Toward a New Evolutionary Environmental Sociology

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Mclaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Environmental Sociology ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
New Ecological Paradigm ◽  
Darwinian Revolution ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ecological Paradigm

Three decades after Catton and Dunlap's (1978, 1980) pioneering work, the promise and potential of environmental sociology remain unrealized. Despite the proliferation of theoretical frameworks and empirical foci, a "new ecological paradigm" capable of theorizing the interactions between social structures, human agency, and biophysical environments has yet to emerge. I explore this impasse by tracing the parallels between the Darwinian revolution and recent shifts in metatheoretical assumptions within environmental and mainstream sociology and related disciplines. These parallels suggest that the social sciences are in the midst of a second Darwinian revolution. A fuller appreciation of this intellectual convergence can provide the first steps toward a new evolutionary environmental sociology.

Making the invisible visible: (un)meeting male rape victims’ needs in the third sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliraza Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Third Sector ◽  
Voluntary Sector ◽  
Rape Victims ◽  
Male Rape ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
Voluntary Agency ◽  
The Third Sector ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Voluntary Agencies

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore whether the voluntary sector meets male rape victims’ needs in England, UK. The author’s contribution represents an attempt to piece together some of the voluntary sector’s responses to male rape victims in England, UK and examine whether they meet male rape victims’ needs. Design/methodology/approach The author draws on data collected from semi-structured interviews and qualitative questionnaires with male rape counsellors, therapists and voluntary agency caseworkers (n=70). Findings The findings reveal nuanced themes that have been overlooked in the existing literature of male rape: first, male rape victims are not given a choice of their voluntary agency practitioner (regarding gender) to serve them; second, there is no specific training on male rape in voluntary agencies; third, the impact of limited resources and funding in the voluntary sector means that many male rape victims’ needs are unmet; and finally, there is ageism and discrimination in some voluntary agencies, whereby male rape victims are prioritised in terms of their age. Research limitations/implications Methodologically, the author’s sample size was not considerably large (n=70), making it difficult to generalise the findings to all voluntary agency practitioners in a British context. Practical implications At a time of scarce funding and scant resources for the third sector, the impact of limited resources and funding in the voluntary sector could mean that male rape victims may not receive proper care and treatment. Budget cuts in the third sector are problematic, in that voluntary agencies may be unable to get access to robust training programs for male rape or to resources that can help shape and develop the ways in which they serve male rape victims. The needs of male rape victims, therefore, are unlikely to be met at the local, regional and national levels. Social implications Some practitioners are misinformed about male rape and do not have the tools to be able to adequately and efficiently handle male rape victims. Not only can their lack of understanding of male rape worsen male rape victims’ trauma through inappropriate ways of handling them, but also the practitioners may implicitly reinforce male rape myths, such as “male rape is solely a homosexual issue” or “men cannot be raped”. Originality/value Whilst previous contributions have recognised the third sector’s responses to female rape victims, little work has been done to identify their treatment of male rape victims. The author attempts to fill some of this lacuna. In particular, The author draws attention to some of the issues and dilemmas that arise when voluntary agencies provide services for male victims of rape. The author’s concern is that many male rape victims’ needs may be neglected or ignored because of the rise in neoliberalism, as there appears to be a financial meltdown in the voluntary sector.

The lived experiences of Turkish men’s engagement in domestic violence interventions in England

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Turhan ◽  
Claudia Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
And Migration

This article illustrates the first in-depth study on major conditions of engagement among Turkish men in interventions that work with perpetrators of domestic violence in England. It investigates how key circumstances related to Turkish men’s cultural backgrounds, migration status, racialisation and different interactions with facilitators shape their engagement in interventions. The data was collected from semi-structured interviews with Turkish perpetrators who participated in domestic violence interventions and professionals who worked with Turkish men in these interventions. Participants’ social and cultural background, class, gendered power relations and racialisation affected their active engagement in interventions. The insufficiency of trained interpreters and culturally-competent professionals, mistrust of the services and the social stressors about living in a society with different cultural values to their home country were identified as factors of inadequate engagement. We found that adopting culturally-sensitive strategies including professionals’ understanding of men’s social, cultural and religious backgrounds, and being aware of racism, discrimination and migration-related stressors were key in improving engagement during interventions.<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>Increasing community-based practices and culturally-competent approaches can promote the perpetrators’ engagement in interventions among Turkish groups in England.</li><br /><li>The inextricable connections among class, gender power relations and racialisation should be considered in understanding marginalised ethnic perpetrators’ engagement in interventions.</li></ul>

Hybridised materialisms: The ‘twists and turns’ of materialities in feminist theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-281
Author(s):  
Najate Zouggari
Keyword(s):  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Materialisms ◽  
Materialist Feminism

This article examines the conceptualisation of materialities in feminist theory through two paradigmatic examples: (French) materialist feminism and new materialisms. What can be interpreted as an opposition between different paradigms can also be disrupted as long as we define what matters as a relation or a process rather than a substance or a lost paradise to which we should return. New materialisms indeed help to investigate aspects such as corporeality, human/non-human interaction and textures, but the role of feminist materialism is invaluable in highlighting the social structures of power relations; more than ever, it makes a decisive contribution to the understanding of domination, such as the social relations and hierarchies implied in femosecularism conceptualised in this article. Ultimately, the tool of hybridised materialisms aims to articulate the theoretical perspective of materialist feminism with that of the new materialisms – in order to avoid the binarism between materiality and culture.

scholarly journals A interseccionalidade a partir de 'Quarto de Despejo', De Carolina Maria de Jesus

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-268
Author(s):  
Julia De Freitas Vieira ◽  
Izilda Cristina Johanson
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Black Feminism ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Carolina Maria De Jesus ◽  
Class E

As relações de poder em torno das questões de raça, classe e gênero dão lugar a uma combinação característica de opressões que atingem, de modo particular, as mulheres negras. A fim de refletir sobre o conceito de interseccionalidade na obra Quarto de Despejo: diário de uma favelada, abordaremos a questão do contexto colonial no qual se enraízam os alicerces que têm mantido praticamente intactas as estruturas sociais das desigualdades de condições em meio à diversidade de indivíduos. Visamos a destacar no artigo como a autora Carolina Maria de Jesus dialoga com a perspectiva interseccional desenvolvida dentro do feminismo negro, expondo as diferentes opressões e resistências que a obra permite analisar.Palavras-chave: Interseccionalidade. Feminismo negro. Filosofia. Literatura.AbstractThe power relations around the questions of race, class e gender cause a characteristic combination of oppressions that hits, in a particular way, the black women. In order to reflect about the concept of intersectionality in the book Quarto de Despejo: diário de uma favela, we will approach the question of the colonial context in which the foundations that have maintained practically intact the social structures of inequalities of conditions among the diversity of individuals. We are looking to highlight in the article how the author Carolina Maria de Jesus dialogues with the intersectional perspective developed within black feminism, exposing the different oppressions and resistances that the book allows to analyze.Keywords: Intersectionality. Black feminism. Philosophy. Literature.

“We Speak the Truth!”

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-80
Author(s):  
Sari Hanafi
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Social Science ◽  
The Political ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Social ◽  
Academic Qualifications

This study investigates the preachers and their Friday sermons in Lebanon, raising the following questions: What are the profiles of preachers in Lebanon and their academic qualifications? What are the topics evoked in their sermons? In instances where they diagnosis and analyze the political and the social, what kind of arguments are used to persuade their audiences? What kind of contact do they have with the social sciences? It draws on forty-two semi-structured interviews with preachers and content analysis of 210 preachers’ Friday sermons, all conducted between 2012 and 2015 among Sunni and Shia mosques. Drawing from Max Weber’s typology, the analysis of Friday sermons shows that most of the preachers represent both the saint and the traditional, but rarely the scholar. While they are dealing extensively with political and social phenomena, rarely do they have knowledge of social science

Same Address, Different Doors: Post-Heritage Deconstruction of the Heritage Household in Upstairs Downstairs in the 1970s and 2010s

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Abbiss
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
War Narrative ◽  
Critical History ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fourth Series ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multiple Episodes

This article offers a ‘post-heritage’ reading of both iterations of Upstairs Downstairs: the LondonWeekend Television (LWT) series (1971–5) and its shortlived BBC revival (2010–12). Identifying elements of subversion and subjectivity allows scholarship on the LWT series to be reassessed, recognising occasions where it challenges rather than supports the social structures of the depicted Edwardian past. The BBC series also incorporates the post-heritage element of self-consciousness, acknowledging the parallel between its narrative and the production’s attempts to recreate the success of its 1970s predecessor. The article’s first section assesses the critical history of the LWT series, identifying areas that are open to further study or revised readings. The second section analyses the serialised war narrative of the fourth series of LWT’s Upstairs, Downstairs (1974), revealing its exploration of female identity across multiple episodes and challenging the notion that the series became more male and upstairs dominated as it progressed. The third section considers the BBC series’ revised concept, identifying the shifts in its main characters’ positions in society that allow the series’ narrative to question the past it evokes. This will be briefly contrasted with the heritage stability of Downton Abbey (ITV, 2010–15). The final section considers the household of 165 Eaton Place’s function as a studio space, which the BBC series self-consciously adopts in order to evoke the aesthetics of prior period dramas. The article concludes by suggesting that the barriers to recreating the past established in the BBC series’ narrative also contributed to its failure to match the success of its earlier iteration.

Same Address, Different Doors: Post-Heritage Deconstruction of the Heritage Household in Upstairs Downstairs in the 1970s and 2010s

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Abbiss
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
War Narrative ◽  
Critical History ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fourth Series ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multiple Episodes

This article offers a ‘post-heritage’ reading of both iterations of Upstairs Downstairs: the LondonWeekend Television (LWT) series (1971–5) and its shortlived BBC revival (2010–12). Identifying elements of subversion and subjectivity allows scholarship on the LWT series to be reassessed, recognising occasions where it challenges rather than supports the social structures of the depicted Edwardian past. The BBC series also incorporates the post-heritage element of self-consciousness, acknowledging the parallel between its narrative and the production’s attempts to recreate the success of its 1970s predecessor. The article’s first section assesses the critical history of the LWT series, identifying areas that are open to further study or revised readings. The second section analyses the serialised war narrative of the fourth series of LWT’s Upstairs, Downstairs (1974), revealing its exploration of female identity across multiple episodes and challenging the notion that the series became more male and upstairs dominated as it progressed. The third section considers the BBC series’ revised concept, identifying the shifts in its main characters’ positions in society that allow the series’ narrative to question the past it evokes. This will be briefly contrasted with the heritage stability of Downton Abbey (ITV, 2010–15). The final section considers the household of 165 Eaton Place’s function as a studio space, which the BBC series self-consciously adopts in order to evoke the aesthetics of prior period dramas. The article concludes by suggesting that the barriers to recreating the past established in the BBC series’ narrative also contributed to its failure to match the success of its earlier iteration.

WORK-BASED LEARNING IN HIGHER EDUCATION: EXPERIENCE AND CHALLENGES OF LEARNERS, WORKPLACES AND INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Roosipõld ◽  
Krista Loogma ◽  
Mare Kurvits ◽  
Kristina Murtazin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
University Education ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Constructivist Learning Theory ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
Restaurant Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University ◽  
Social Constructivist Learning

In recent years, providing higher education in the form of work-based learning has become more important in the higher education (HE) policy and practice almost in all EU countries. Work-based learning (WBL) in HE should support the development of competences of self-guided learners and adjust the university education better to the needs of the workplace. The study is based on two pilot projects of WBL in HE in Estonia: Tourism and Restaurant Management professional HE programme and the master’s programme in Business Information Technology. The model of integrative pedagogy, based on the social-constructivist learning theory, is taken as a theoretical foundation for the study. A qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with the target groups. The data analysis used a horizontal analysis to find cross-cutting themes and identify patterns of actions and connections. It appears, that the challenge for HE is to create better cooperation among stakeholders; the challenge for workplaces is connected with better involvement of students; the challenge for students is to take more initiative and responsibility in communication with workplaces.

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