Organic farming in conserving bio diversity in India-A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kavitha ◽  
K. Chandran
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Soil Microbial Population

The intensification and extension of modern agriculture is amongst the greatest threats to worldwide biodiversity and thereby food security. Promotion of genetic uniformity in the name of agricultural development cannot lead to sustainable agriculture and it has devastating effect on food security of next generation. Monoculture and replacement of traditional varieties by improved or exotic varieties has led to the decline of many traditional varieties in crops such as paddy, wheat, pulses, oil seeds and cotton in India. Thousands of varieties of rice, cotton, minor millets, pulses, and other crops are no longer in use. Besides, to sustain the yield under monocropping system, heavy pesticide applications were given to crops. This in turn affects the soil microbial population and insect diversity and questions the stability and sustainability of Indian agriculture. Sustainable farming systems such as organic farming act as a possible solution to this continued loss of biodiversity. This paper assesses the impacts of organic farming, relative to conventional agriculture on biodiversity, through a review of comparative studies of the two systems.

Indian Agriculture under Open Economic Regime: Implication for Livelihood and Food Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1176-1193
Author(s):  
Paramjit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Fiscal Discipline ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Agreement On Agriculture ◽  
Economic Regime

Despite impressive performance in terms of GDP growth after the introduction of neoliberal reforms, India continues to be the home of the largest number of hungry people in the world. The present paper is an attempt to understand two interrelated issues in this context: the impact of neoliberal reforms on agricultural development and the implication of an open economic regime on food security in India. The study reveals that the austerity measures introduced by the state in the form of decline in capital formation and public sector expenditure in agriculture have undermined the livelihood of the majority of the population in India. The implementation of the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Agriculture along with the retreat of the state in the name of fiscal discipline has significantly reduced the bargaining power of the peasants in general and the food security of the majority of the population in particular.

Biological indicators of soil quality in organic farming systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Stockdale ◽  
C.A. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Biological Quality ◽  
Organic Farming Systems ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe health of the soil, recognized by its active role in the linked processes of decomposition and nutrient supply, is considered as the foundation of agriculture by the organic farming movement. Nutrient management in organically managed soils is fundamentally different from that of conventional agricultural systems. Crop rotations are designed with regard to maintenance of fertility with a focus on nutrient recycling. Where nutrients are added to the system, inputs are in organic and/or non-synthetic fertilizer sources that are mostly slow release in nature. Hence a greater reliance is placed on soil chemical and biological processes to release nutrients in plant-available forms. In this respect, nutrient availability in organically farmed soils is more dependent upon soil processes than is the case in conventional agriculture. The development and use of biological indicators of soil quality may therefore be more important in organic (and other low input) farming systems. The aim of this paper is to evaluate current evidence for the impact of organic farming systems on soil biological quality and consider the identification of appropriate biological indicators for use by organic farmers and their advisors. Organic farming systems are generally associated with increased biological activity and increased below-ground biodiversity. The main impacts on biological fertility do not result from the systemsper sebut are related to the amount and quality of the soil organic matter pool and disruptions of soil habitat via tillage. Even within the constraints of organic farming practices it is possible for farmers to make changes to management practices which will tend to improve soil biological quality. It is, however, by no means clear that distinct indicators of soil biological quality are needed for organic farming systems. It is important not only to identify the most appropriate indicators but also to ensure that farmers and land managers can understand and relate to them to support on-farm management decisions.

Research on the Development of Engineering Agriculture in China Based on Food Security

2013 ◽  
Vol 869-870 ◽  
pp. 1091-1095
Author(s):  
Xin Kang
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Improvement Strategy ◽  
Quality Improvement Strategy ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Adjustment Strategy ◽  
The Development Strategy ◽  
Structure Adjustment ◽  
Flexible Management

Engineering agriculture is the only way for China to ensure food security and to develop modern agriculture. In view of relative researches at home and abroad, learn advanced experience of engineering agriculture from America, Japan and Israel and combine the actual situation of agricultural development in China, put forward the development strategy for engineering agriculture from five levels such as structure adjustment strategy, capital entering strategy, quality improvement strategy, science and technology leading strategy and flexible management strategy. The research clarified the points and implementation methods of each strategy and established theoretical basis and implementation methods for the development of engineering agriculture in China.

scholarly journals Organic farming in Nepal: A viable option for food security and agricultural sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
Sovit Parajuli ◽  
Jiban Shrestha ◽  
Sabita Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
External Input ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
The Government

Increasing use of agrochemicals, higher production cost and deterioration of ecosystem health have advocated the need to change the traditional and external input using agriculture towards safe and sustainable organic production. The article reviewed on general overview of organic agriculture in Nepal. The article aims to put light on the current scenario of the dawdling-paced organic agriculture and the options to revive the pesticide dominated conventional agriculture. Promotion of organic agriculture was first appeared as a priority in the10th Five Year Plan of the Government of Nepal. Now it has been embedded in the national agricultural policy. Organic agriculture provides benefits in terms of environmental protection, conservation of nonrenewable resources, improved food quality, improve health status and the reorientation of agriculture towards areas of market demand. Various institutions, individuals and farmers are engaging in organic farming. Nepal is exporting organic products to international markets. The adoption of organic agriculture increases agricultural production and improves soil health and consumer health and seems a better option in countries like ours where fortunately integrated crop-livestock system is still prevalent. It is found to be viable option for better livelihood in the context of Nepal. Because the haphazard pesticide use has marred the conventional agriculture, all these contexts gesture this system to be scrutinize thoroughly and supplanted by organic farming system as a viable option towards food security and agricultural sustainability.

scholarly journals Financial competitiveness of organic agriculture on a global scale

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (24) ◽  
pp. 7611-7616 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Crowder ◽  
John P. Reganold
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Benefit Cost

To promote global food and ecosystem security, several innovative farming systems have been identified that better balance multiple sustainability goals. The most rapidly growing and contentious of these systems is organic agriculture. Whether organic agriculture can continue to expand will likely be determined by whether it is economically competitive with conventional agriculture. Here, we examined the financial performance of organic and conventional agriculture by conducting a meta-analysis of a global dataset spanning 55 crops grown on five continents. When organic premiums were not applied, benefit/cost ratios (−8 to −7%) and net present values (−27 to −23%) of organic agriculture were significantly lower than conventional agriculture. However, when actual premiums were applied, organic agriculture was significantly more profitable (22–35%) and had higher benefit/cost ratios (20–24%) than conventional agriculture. Although premiums were 29–32%, breakeven premiums necessary for organic profits to match conventional profits were only 5–7%, even with organic yields being 10–18% lower. Total costs were not significantly different, but labor costs were significantly higher (7–13%) with organic farming practices. Studies in our meta-analysis accounted for neither environmental costs (negative externalities) nor ecosystem services from good farming practices, which likely favor organic agriculture. With only 1% of the global agricultural land in organic production, our findings suggest that organic agriculture can continue to expand even if premiums decline. Furthermore, with their multiple sustainability benefits, organic farming systems can contribute a larger share in feeding the world.

scholarly journals Multi-community effects of organic and conventional farming practices in vineyards

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noémie Ostandie ◽  
Brice Giffard ◽  
Olivier Bonnard ◽  
Benjamin Joubard ◽  
Sylvie Richart-Cervera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Pollinator Abundance ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Multiple Species

AbstractUnderstanding the response of biodiversity to organic farming is crucial to design more sustainable agriculture. While it is known that organic farming benefits biodiversity on average, large variability in the effects of this farming system exists. Moreover, it is not clear how different practices modulate the performance of organic farming for biodiversity conservation. In this study, we investigated how the abundance and taxonomic richness of multiple species groups responds to certified organic farming and conventional farming in vineyards. Our analyses revealed that farming practices at the field scale are more important drivers of community abundance than landscape context. Organic farming enhanced the abundances of springtails (+ 31.6%) and spiders (+ 84%), had detrimental effects on pollinator abundance (− 11.6%) and soil microbial biomass (− 9.1%), and did not affect the abundance of ground beetles, mites or microarthropods. Farming practices like tillage regime, insecticide use and soil copper content drove most of the detected effects of farming system on biodiversity. Our study revealed varying effects of organic farming on biodiversity and clearly indicates the need to consider farming practices to understand the effects of farming systems on farmland biodiversity.

scholarly journals Impacts of Organic Farming System on the Soil Microbial Population in Upland Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Han Lee ◽  
Yeon-Kyu Sonn ◽  
Byung-Koo Ahn ◽  
Seong-Tae Lee ◽  
Min-A Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Upland Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Organic Farming System ◽  
Soil Microbial Population

scholarly journals Perception and intention in organic agriculture cultivation in North Maluku Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
Ikhsan Fuady ◽  
Mardianah ◽  
MA Syifaa Sutarjo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
New Order ◽  
Behavior Intention ◽  
Organic Farming System ◽  
Development Paradigm

The green revolution program during the New Order era has left various agricultural problems. Organic agriculture as the antithesis of agricultural development paradigm has long been echoed. However, the intention of farmers to do organic farming is still relatively limited. Many factors influence farmers’ behavior intention, one of which is the perception of agriculture towards the organic farming system. This study aims to describe farmers’ perceptions and intention in organic farming in North Maluku Province, using the UTAUT1 (Venkatest 2003) theoretical framework from venkatest. This study was designed as a quantitative study with a survey approach. The population of this study was vegetable farmers in North Maluku province. The sample of this study was 120 farmers spread across the city of Ternate and Tidore. This research data analysis used descriptive statistics. The results showed that the farmers’ perceptions about organic agricultural cultivation were generally categorized as quite good / moderate. Only 1 indicator of a high perspective, namely farmers’ perceptions of performance expectations or farmers believe that organic farming systems can improve their farming with a value of 3.38 ± 0.6. The intention or intention of farmers to do organic farming is relatively diverse. As many as 36.7 percent have a strong desire, but 33.3 percent have a low intention.

scholarly journals Demystifying agroecology in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amilcar Baiardi ◽  
Maria Thereza Macedo Pedroso
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT: This paper reflects on the controversy between agroecology and modern conventional agriculture. As a counter-paradigm, agroecology criticizes and resists advances in agricultural sciences, including biotechnology. But does not offer concrete answers to the challenge of increasing food production in the world in a sustentably way. It is a view that denies the importance of modern agriculture to solve the problems of scarcity and food security and does not recognize the potential of genetic modification to decisively to promote sustainable agriculture, accelerating the overcoming of the so-called “chemical reductionist paradigm”. The principal argument is that agroecology, despite being an area of knowledge that can contribute to recovering natural resources and helping nature’s resilience, is not an alternative to modern conventional agriculture and has been trying to prevent advances in genetic engineering, a fundamental area for sustainability and for the low carbon agriculture. In the end, based on the importance of the controversy in the History of Science, presents the reasons why agroecology does not fulfill the requirements to be an agricultural science.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document