scholarly journals A Modification and development of threshing unit for minor millets

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (00) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Chaturvedi ◽  
Falguni Rathore ◽  
Shantanu Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Finger Millet ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Little Millet ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Kodo Millet ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Minor Millets

Minor millets are small sized cereal grains belonging to the family Poaceae (Gramineae) are grown mainly in America, Japan, China and India. In India minor millet grown are finger millet, proso millet, barnyard millet, kodo millet and little millet. Threshing is based on the principle that, some impact is given on crops, the grains are separated from panicles, cobs and pods. The performance of the threshing unit with development of five different shapes of pegs for threshing small millet. small millet thresher was tested at two different speed 712 rpm and 1068 rpm. The highest threshing efficiency with disc shape peg of 99.57 % cleaning efficiency 98.64 % output capacity 19.68 kg/ha was observed. In disc shape peg seed damage negalible. The cost of operation was also minimum. On the basis of above the disc type pe is recommended for minor millet.

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of multi millet thresher

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 939-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Singh ◽  
Rahul R. Poddar ◽  
K. N. Agrawal ◽  
Smrutilipi Hota ◽  
Mukesh K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Finger Millet ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Little Millet ◽  
Sieve Size ◽  
Kodo Millet ◽  
Tribal Areas ◽  
Minor Millets

In tribal areas of India, traditional methods of threshing of minor millets like little millet (Panicum sumatrense), M1, kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum), M2, foxtail millet (Setaria italica), M3, proso millet (P. miliaceum), M4, barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumantacea), M5, finger millet (Eleusine coracana), M6 is done of beating by sticks or treading out the crop panicle under the feet of oxen. This operation is most time consuming, labour intensive, drudgery prone, uneconomical, lower output and obtain low quality products. A thresher for these millet crops was developed and optimization of the operating parameters with little millet was done by using Response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized parameters were 7.79% (d.b) moisture content, 105 kgh-1 feed rate, 625 rpm cylinder speed, 5 mm threshing sieve size which gave maximum threshing efficiency of 95.13% and cleaning efficiency of 94.12%. After optimization of parameters the thresher was tested for threshing of all the six minor millets with proper adjustments of sieve. Threshing capacity of M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 and M6 were obtained as 89, 137, 140, 91, 88 and 99 kg/h, respectively with more than 96% threshing efficiency and less than 2% broken grain.

scholarly journals Genome-wide Population Structure Analyses of Three Minor Millets: Kodo Millet, Little Millet, and Proso Millet

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Johnson ◽  
Santosh Deshpande ◽  
Mani Vetriventhan ◽  
Hari D Upadhyaya ◽  
Jason G. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Population Genetic Analysis ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Little Millet ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Kodo Millet ◽  
Minor Millets ◽  
Wide Population

AbstractMillets are a diverse group of small-seeded grains that are rich in nutrients but have received relatively little advanced plant breeding research. Millets are important to smallholder farmers in Africa and Asia because of their short growing season, good stress tolerance, and high nutritional content. To advance the study and use of these species, we present a genome-wide marker datasets and population structure analyses for three minor millets: kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum), little millet (Panicum sumatrense), and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum). We generated genome-wide marker data sets for 190 accessions of each species with genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). After filtering, we retained between 161 and 165 accessions of each species, with 3461, 2245, and 1882 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for kodo, proso, and little millet, respectively. Population genetic analysis revealed 7 putative subpopulations of kodo millet and 8 each of proso millet and little millet. To confirm the accuracy of this genetic data, we used public phenotype data on a subset of these accessions to estimate the heritability of various agronomically relevant phenotypes. Heritability values largely agree with the prior expectation for each phenotype, indicating that these SNPs provide an accurate genome-wide sample of genetic variation. These data represent one of first genome-wide population genetics analyses, and the most extensive, in these species and the first genomic analyses of any sort for little millet and kodo millet. These data will be a valuable resource for researchers and breeders trying to improve these crops for smallholder farmers.

scholarly journals Genome‐Wide Population Structure Analyses of Three Minor Millets: Kodo Millet, Little Millet, and Proso Millet

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 190021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Johnson ◽  
Santosh Deshpande ◽  
Mani Vetriventhan ◽  
Hari D. Upadhyaya ◽  
Jason G. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Little Millet ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Kodo Millet ◽  
Minor Millets ◽  
Wide Population

scholarly journals Significance of small millets in nutrition and health-A review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujata Bhat ◽  
C. Nandini ◽  
V. Tippeswamy ◽  
Prabhaka .
Keyword(s):  
Finger Millet ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Kodo Millet ◽  
Small Millets ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer ◽  
National Food Security ◽  
Nutraceutical Properties

Small millets are a group of six crops comprising of finger millet, kodo millet, little millet, foxtail millet, barnyard millet and proso millet. They are considered as nutri- cereals and are source of food, feed and fodder. The crops are grown in a variety of agro-ecological situations including plains, coast and hills as well as in diverse soils and varying rainfall. They are known for resilience and drought enduring capacity and are relatively less prone to major pests and diseases. The richness in calcium, dietary fiber, polyphenol and protein contents in millets make them unique among the cereals. Generally, millets show significant amounts of amino acids like methionine and cystine and also have high fat content than rice and maize. Millets have nutraceutical properties in the form of antioxidants which prevent deterioration of human health such as lowering blood pressure, risk of heart disease, prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, decreasing tumor cases etc. The contribution of millets to national food security and their potential health benefits, millet grain is now receiving increasing interest from food scientists, technologists and nutritionists.

scholarly journals Impact of soaking, sprouting on antioxidant and anti-nutritional factors in milletgrains

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
G. Bhuvaneshwari ◽  
A. Nirmalakumari ◽  
S. Kalaiselvi
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Little Millet ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
Kodo Millet

Commonly consumed millet types viz., Little millet, foxtail millet, pearl millet, finger millet, and Kodo millet were tested under two processing methods of soaking and germination at a different time point. Most popular processing practices adopted by Indian households were studied for their influence on the biochemical properties, antioxidant profile, and anti-nutritive factors. The results showed that the sprouting process showed a maximum influence on the antioxidant and anti-nutritive factors. The comparative analysis of the five millets suggested 24h soaking and 24h germination was found to be best for producing nutritionally enriched millet products. Tannin content decreases with an increase in germination. The reduction in tannin was about 50% in little millet (0.347 mg/g) and the highest was recorded in finger millet (2.07 mg/g). The highest amount of saponin content was found in pearl millet( 39.53 mg/g) followed by finger millet ( 34.86 mg/g) with 24 hr soaking and  24 hr germination. The phytase activity was found to be higher in little millet (61.520 u/kg) when prolonged soaking and germination. The DPPH assay showed sprouted foxtail millet grains contain more antioxidant activity (81.13%) when extent the period of soaking and germination.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study of Nutritional Quality of Five Drought Tolerant Millets

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Olamide S. Antonio Ajibona ◽  
Adedolapo Ajiboma Idowu ◽  
A. A. Hamama ◽  
Harbans L. Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Barnyard Millet ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Little Millet ◽  
Percent Protein

Seeds from greenhouse-grown plants of five food millet crops—[barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea Link.), finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.), kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.), little millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult.), and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)] contained 10.4, 5.5, 7.2, 1.3, and 17.1 percent protein; 69, 29, 239, 105, and 32 Fe (mg/100 g); and 33, 22, 23, 31, and 37 (mg/100 g) Zn, respectively. Concentrations (g/100 g) of oil in seeds varied from 1.32 for finger millet to 3.58 for little millet. The oil concentrations for barnyard, kodo, and proso millets were 1.59, 1.64, and 3.36 g/100 g, respectively. Predominant fatty acid in the oil in the seed of these millets was C18:2 followed by C18:1, and C16:0. Concentration of omega-3 fatty acid (a heart-healthy oil) was 1.06, 0.62, 1.01, 0.91, and 3.11 g/100 g in barnyard, kodo, little, proso, and finger millet, respectively. Oils from seeds of these millet crops were essentially free from concentration of anti-nutritive fatty acid C22:1 (Erucic acid). Concentrations (g/100 g) of total sugars varied from 0.96 for barnyard millet to 2.09 for finger millet. The total sugar concentrations for kodo, little, and proso millets were 1.81, 1.95, and 1.99 g/100 g, respectively. Fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, raffinose, and stachyose concentrations varied from 0.05 to 0.47, 0.44 to 0.85, 0.44 to 0.98, 0.02 to 0.33, 0.005 to 0.083, and 0.002 to 0.053, respectively for barnyard, kodo, little, proso, and finger millet, respectively. Results indicated that these millet crops have potential as sources of healthy food and it might be worthwhile to further study their production potential.

scholarly journals The cost of mental and physical health disability in childhood and adolescence to families in the UK: findings from a repeated cross-sectional survey using propensity score matching

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e018729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Solmi ◽  
Mariya Melnychuk ◽  
Stephen Morris
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

ObjectiveIn the UK, families of disabled children are entitled to receive disability benefits to help meet costs associated with caring for their child. Evidence of actual costs incurred is scant, especially for mental health disability. In this study, we aimed to quantify the cost of mental and physical health disability in childhood and adolescence to families in the UK using the concept of compensating variation (CV).DesignRepeated cross-sectional survey.SettingThe UK general populationParticipants85 212 children drawn from 8 waves of the Family Resources Survey.OutcomesUsing propensity score matching we matched families with a disabled child to similar families without a disabled child and calculated the extra income the former require to achieve the same living standards as the latter, that is, their CV. We calculated the additional costs specifically associated with several definitions of mental health and physical health disability.ResultsFamilies of a child with any mental health disability, regardless of the presence of physical health comorbidity, needed an additional £49.31 (95% CI: 21.95 to 76.67) and, for more severe disabilities, an additional £57.56 (95% CI: 17.69 to 97.44) per week to achieve the same living standards of families without a disabled child. This difference was greater for more deprived families, who needed between £59.28 (95% CI: 41.38 to 77.18) and £81.26 (95% CI: 53.35 to 109.38) more per week depending on the extent of mental health disability. Families of children with physical health disabilities, with or without mental health disabilities, required an additional £35.86 (95% CI: 13.77 to 57.96) per week, with economically deprived families requiring an extra £42.18 (95% CI: 26.38 to 57.97) per week.ConclusionsMental and physical health disabilities among children and adolescents were associated with high additional costs for the family, especially for those from deprived economic backgrounds. Means testing could help achieve a more equitable redistribution of disability benefit.

A Case Study on Using Millets in Daily Diet for Weight Loss

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vissapragada A ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Little Millet ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Kodo Millet

Millets are nutritious, easily digestible, gluten-free whole grains. They are good sources of proteins, fibers and iron content. They are also good sources of polyphenols, flavonoids and other phytochemicals that have anti-inflammatory effects. This case study aims to show that eating millets twice a day for breakfast and dinner helps to lose weight. Kodo millet, little millet, foxtail millet and barnyard millet were included in the diet. Consuming these millets for four weeks, the average weight loss per week was noted as 1.2kg. Body Mass Index (BMI) was reduced from 28.8 to 26.6.

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