Effects of the Avian Leukosis Virus on the Weight of Immune Organs and Other Important Organs and Body Weight of Chicks at Different Growth Stages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.H. Guo ◽  
X. Li ◽  
Y.F. Huang ◽  
X. Lan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Avian Leukosis Virus ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Immune Organs ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Background: The avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) is a retrovirus causing irreversible damage and loss of function in tissues and organs in a chicken body, especially in those related to the immune system, thus resulting in considerable economic loss. Methods: We measured the changes in the weights of immune organs, such as the spleen, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, heart and liver and body weight at days 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 after ALV-J infection and analysed the differences between the corresponding tissues and normal groups at each time. Result: The unique weight change in pspleen tissues indicates that the organ plays an important role in fighting ALV-J infection in the early stage. Moreover, the phenotypic inhibition of ALV-J in the tissues and organs started to appear 28 days after infection.

scholarly journals Proliferation activity in the polyps of Cassiopea xamachana: where the planuloid buds grow

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriia Khabibulina ◽  
Viktor Starunov
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Proliferation Zone ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
Cassiopea Xamachana ◽  
Proliferation Activity ◽  
Synthesis Activity ◽  
Active Proliferation ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Polyps of the Cassiopeidae family possess a unique type of asexual reproduction by producing free-swimming buds — planuloids. The process of planuloid development and transformation to polyp has been described earlier, however, the source of tissue formation is still poorly studied. Using the method of EdU incorporation we have analyzed DNA synthesis activity during planuloid formation and growth in Cassiopea xamachana. We revealed the active proliferation zone at the early stage of bud formation. This zone continued to function during planuloid growth, providing the formation of polyp structures, and preserved in polyp calyx after metamorphosis. Its proliferation activity varied at different growth stages, whereas the localization remained relatively the same.

scholarly journals Grape Bunch Detection at Different Growth Stages Using Deep Learning Quantized Models

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1890
Author(s):  
André Silva Aguiar ◽  
Sandro Augusto Magalhães ◽  
Filipe Neves dos Santos ◽  
Luis Castro ◽  
Tatiana Pinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Confidence Score ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Different Growth Stages

The agricultural sector plays a fundamental role in our society, where it is increasingly important to automate processes, which can generate beneficial impacts in the productivity and quality of products. Perception and computer vision approaches can be fundamental in the implementation of robotics in agriculture. In particular, deep learning can be used for image classification or object detection, endowing machines with the capability to perform operations in the agriculture context. In this work, deep learning was used for the detection of grape bunches in vineyards considering different growth stages: the early stage just after the bloom and the medium stage where the grape bunches present an intermediate development. Two state-of-the-art single-shot multibox models were trained, quantized, and deployed in a low-cost and low-power hardware device, a Tensor Processing Unit. The training input was a novel and publicly available dataset proposed in this work. This dataset contains 1929 images and respective annotations of grape bunches at two different growth stages, captured by different cameras in several illumination conditions. The models were benchmarked and characterized considering the variation of two different parameters: the confidence score and the intersection over union threshold. The results showed that the deployed models could detect grape bunches in images with a medium average precision up to 66.96%. Since this approach uses low resources, a low-cost and low-power hardware device that requires simplified models with 8 bit quantization, the obtained performance was satisfactory. Experiments also demonstrated that the models performed better in identifying grape bunches at the medium growth stage, in comparison with grape bunches present in the vineyard after the bloom, since the second class represents smaller grape bunches, with a color and texture more similar to the surrounding foliage, which complicates their detection.

Cytokinins from terminal buds of Euphoria longana during different growth stages

1997 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Wen-Shaw Chen ◽  
Kuang-Liang Huang ◽  
Hsiao-Ching Yu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stages ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Effects of Meteorological Factors at Different Growth Stages on Yield Traits of Maize (Zea maysL.) in Heilonggang Basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo MING ◽  
Jin-Cheng ZHU ◽  
Hong-Bin TAO ◽  
Li-Na XU ◽  
Bu-Qing GUO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Surgical Management of Atresia Ani in a Crossbred Calf

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 81-82
Author(s):  
Madan Pal ◽  
Kashi Ram ◽  
Chander Pal Garhwal ◽  
Virender .
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Intestinal Atresia ◽  
Congenital Defect ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Anal Opening

Atresia ani is a congenital defect that describes the absence of a normal anal opening. It is fatal unless a surgical correction is carried out to provide an anal opening. In female, the rectum may break through the vagina, forming a rectovaginal fistula permitting defecation via the vulva. Surgical treatment of atresia ani is indicated to save the animal’s life and to improve body weight gain. Intestinal atresia has been reported as a congenital defect in all species of domestic animals (Gass and Tibboel, 1980). Atresia ani may be caused by genetic disorders (chromosomes or transgenesis), environmental factors, or a combination of both (Cassini et al., 2005). Monsang et al. (2011) reported a case of double vulva with atresia ani in a crossbred calf. Atresia ani should be treated by a surgical operation to solve the problem, improve body weight gain, and reduce economic loss. The present report records a case of atresia ani in a crossbred cow-calf and its successful surgical correction.

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