A comparative analysis of microscopy and PCR based detection methods for Babesia and Trypanosoma infecting bovines and assessment of risk factors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Maharana ◽  
B. Kumar ◽  
J. P. Joseph ◽  
T. K. Patbandha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Status

The present study was carried out to evaluate and compare the status of infection and assessment of risk factors in 353 blood samples (144 cattle and 209 buffaloes) of bovines by PCR assay along with microscopic examinations (ME). ME revealed prevalence of Babesia bigemina and Trypanosoma evansi to be 22.91% and 0.69%, respectively in cattle and 12.44% and 0.95%, respectively in buffaloes. Conversely, PCR assay was able to detect 40.97% and 3.47 % prevalence of B. bigemina and T. evansi in cattle and 23.92% and 6.69% in buffaloes, respectively. The result revealed that the PCR assay was 100% sensitive and 82.9% specific when compared with ME for babesiosis and 100% sensitive and 95.42% specific for trypanosomosis. Multivariate logistic regression models showed that risk of babesiosis was significantly higher in cattle (Odds ratio (OR) =2.207, P=0.001) compared to buffaloes. The risk for surra in male buffaloes increased by 6.37 times (OR= 6.375, P=0.013). Conversely, risk of babesiosis was significantly lower in male cattle than females (OR= 0.467, P=0.044).

Forced Sexual Victimization Among Youth in Custody: Do Risk Factors Vary by Gender and Perpetrator?

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-172
Author(s):  
Eileen M. Ahlin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Using Data

There is relatively little literature examining risk factors associated with sexual victimization among youth in custody. The current study explored whether risk of forced sexual victimization among youth in custody differs by gender or perpetrator. Using data from a sample of 8,659 youth who participated in the National Survey of Youth in Custody, multivariate logistic regression models were employed to investigate gender differences in risk factors associated with overall forced sexual victimization and staff-on-inmate and inmate-on-inmate forced sexual victimization. Findings suggest that gender differences are more pronounced when perpetrator type is considered.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with stillbirth of piglets born from oxytocin-assisted parturitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2172-2177
Author(s):  
Nguyen Hoai Nam ◽  
Peerapol Sukon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Stillbirth Rate ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different risk factors on stillbirth of piglets born from oxytocin-assisted parturitions. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from a total of 1121 piglets born from 74 Landrace x Yorkshire crossbred sows from a herd. Logistic regression models were used to determine the associations between stillbirth and different risk factors including parity (1, 2, 3-5, and 6-10), gestation length (GL) (112-113, 114-116, and 117-119 days), litter size, birth order (BO), sex, birth interval (BI), cumulative farrowing duration, birth weight (BW), crown rump length, BW deviation, body mass index, ponderal index (PI), and the use of oxytocin during expulsive stage of farrowing. Results: The incidence of stillbirth at litter level and stillbirth rate was 59.5% (44/74) and 8.1% (89/1094), respectively. The final multivariate logistic regression selected BO, BI, PI, GL, and parity as the five most significant risk factors for stillbirth. Increased BO and BI, GL <114 and >116 days, parity 6-10, and low PI increased the stillbirth rate in piglets. Conclusion: Several factors previously determined as risks for stillbirth in exogenous oxytocin-free parturitions also existed in exogenous oxytocin-assisted parturitions. One dose of oxytocin at fairly high BO did not increase stillbirth, whereas two doses of oxytocin were potentially associated with increased values.

Prevalence and asssessment of risk factors for haemoprotozoan infectionsin cattle and buffaloes of South-West Gujarat, India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Maharana ◽  
Binod Kumar ◽  
A. Prasad ◽  
T. K. Patbandha ◽  
N. R. Sudhakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
The Difference

A total of 480 suspected blood samples were collected from cattle (n=254) and buffaloes (n=226) during the study period from September 2011 to December 2014 for determination of prevalence of haemoprotozoan parasites from South Western Gujarat (Junagadh). The conventional optical microscopy of Giemsa stained blood smears revealed that 37% of cattle and 38.93% of buffaloes were infected with haemoprotozoan parasites including Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, Trypanosoma evansi and Theileria annulata. The animals infected with haemoprotozoan diseases showed lower total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and higher total leukocyte count (TLC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Incidence of haemoprotozoan infection between the breeds differed significantly (P<0.05). Haemoprotozoan infections were recorded significantly higher (P<0.001) in monsoon season followed by summer and being lowest in winter season in cattle. Over all prevalence in female animals were higher than male counterparts. In both the species, over all higher prevalence of babesiosis was recorded in comparison to other haemoprotozoan diseases and the difference being statistically non-significant (p>0.05). The prevalence of B. bigemina in bovines was associated with various risk factors namely age, season and breed (p£0.05). Sex wise females recorded apparently higher infection rates than males. The multivariate logistic regression models showed that the risk of babesiosis was significantly higher in rainy season (OR=5.18, P=0.003) followed by summer (OR=3.9, P=0.019) compared to winter season. Conversely, in buffaloes, the risk of babesiosis was significantly higher in summer season (OR=9.0, P=0.004) followed by rainy (OR=7.43, P=0.008) compared to winter season. The risk for anaplasmosis in buffaloes increased by 3.46 times (OR=3.64, p=0.027) in non descriptive breed compared to well defined breed.

scholarly journals Effect of Distance to Trauma Centre, Trauma Centre Level, and Trauma Centre Region on Fatal Injuries among Motorcyclists in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2998
Author(s):  
Bayu Satria Wiratama ◽  
Ping-Ling Chen ◽  
Chung-Jen Chao ◽  
Ming-Heng Wang ◽  
Wafaa Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Trauma Centre ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Traffic Crash ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
Fatal Injuries

Background: Studies have suggested that trauma centre-related risk factors, such as distance to the nearest trauma hospital, are strong predictors of fatal injuries among motorists. Few studies have used a national dataset to study the effect of trauma centre-related risk factors on fatal injuries among motorists and motorcyclists in a country where traffic is dominated by motorcycles. This study investigated the effect of distance from the nearest trauma hospital on fatal injuries from two-vehicle crashes in Taiwan from 2017 to 2019. Methods: A crash dataset and hospital location dataset were combined. The crash dataset was extracted from the National Taiwan Traffic Crash Dataset from 1 January 2017 through 31 December 2019. The primary exposure in this study was distance to the nearest trauma hospital. This study performed a multiple logistic regression to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for fatal injuries. Results: The multivariate logistic regression models indicated that motorcyclists involved in crashes located ≥5 km from the nearest trauma hospital and in Eastern Taiwan were approximately five times more likely to sustain fatal injuries (AOR = 5.26; 95% CI: 3.69–7.49). Conclusions: Distance to, level of, and region of the nearest trauma centre are critical risk factors for fatal injuries among motorcyclists but not motorists. To reduce the mortality rate of trauma cases among motorcyclists, interventions should focus on improving access to trauma hospitals.

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Cut-Off Point for COVID-19 Mortality: A Retrospective Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahedin Kheyri ◽  
Sepehr Metanat ◽  
Hadiseh Hosamirudsari ◽  
Samaneh Akbarpour ◽  
Maryam Shojaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Prolonged Hospitalization ◽  
Multiple Characteristics

Several months have passed since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Multiple characteristics have been proposed as prognostic factors so far. This study aims to provide evidence on the association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at the hospitalization time and three desired outcomes (mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and intensive care unit [ICU] admission). We designed a single-centre retrospective observational study in Baharloo Hospital (Tehran, Iran) from 20 February to 19 April 2020. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis via rt-PCR or chest CT imaging were included. Demographic and clinical data were obtained. The sample was divided into three groups, using tertile boundaries of initial NLR. The differences in mortality, comorbidities, hospitalization duration, drug administration, and ICU admission between these three groups were investigated. The identified confounding factors were adjusted to calculate the odds ratio of death, ICU admission, and prolonged hospitalization. Nine hundred sixty-three patients were included. In total, 151 and 212 participants experienced mortality and ICU admission, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression models, the adjusted odds ratio for mortality event in the second and third tertile of initial NLR after full adjustment were 1.89 (95% CI:1.07-3.32) and 2.57 (95% CI:1.48-4.43) and for ICU admission were 1.85 (95% CI:1.14-3.01) and 2.88 (95% CI:1.79-4.61), respectively. The optimal cut-off value of the initial NLR for predicting mortality was 4.27. Initial NLR can predict mortality and ICU admission in COVID-19 patients. Further investigations for curating the calculated cut-off can propose initial NLR as an indicator of poor prognosis for COVID-19 patients.

Risk factors associated with seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in dogs from urban and rural areas of milk and coffee production in Minas Gerais state, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
pp. 2286-2293 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. I. NOGUEIRA ◽  
L. P. MESQUITA ◽  
C. C. ABREU ◽  
K. Y. R. NAKAGAKI ◽  
J. N. SEIXAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

SUMMARYThis study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies and to investigate the risk factors related to seroprevalence in dogs from urban and rural areas with distinct economic activities (milk and coffee production) in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. For this purpose, blood samples from 703 dogs were collected and questionnaires addressing epidemiological aspects were completed by dog-owners. The sera were analysed for anti-N. caninum antibodies by indirect fluorescent antibody tests (IFAT ⩾ 1:50). Association between epidemiological aspects and seropositivity in dogs was evaluated with multivariate logistic regression models. A total of 80 (11·4%) dogs tested positive for N. caninum. In the multivariate logistic regression models, dogs aged >4 years, dogs used as guard dogs, dogs that spontaneously hunt, and history of bovine abortion were found to be greater risk factors for canine N. caninum infection. When we considered only dogs from rural areas, an association with seroprevalence was seen for milk farms, dogs not fed with commercial food, dogs that hunt, and dogs used as guard dogs.

Demographic factors associated with missed follow-up among solid tumor patients treated at a large multi-site academic institution

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 2635-2643
Author(s):  
Samantha L Freije ◽  
Jordan A Holmes ◽  
Saleh Rachidi ◽  
Susannah G Ellsworth ◽  
Richard C Zellars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Follow Up Care ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
African American Race

Aim: To identify demographic predictors of patients who miss oncology follow-up, considering that missed follow-up has not been well studies in cancer patients. Methods: Patients with solid tumors diagnosed from 2007 to 2016 were analyzed (n = 16,080). Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to examine predictors of missed follow-up. Results: Our study revealed that 21.2% of patients missed ≥1 follow-up appointment. African–American race (odds ratio [OR] 1.33; 95% CI: 1.17–1.51), Medicaid insurance (OR 1.59; 1.36–1.87), no insurance (OR 1.66; 1.32–2.10) and rural residence (OR 1.78; 1.49–2.13) were associated with missed follow-up. Conclusion: Many cancer patients miss follow-up, and inadequate follow-up may influence cancer outcomes. Further research is needed on how to address disparities in follow-up care in high-risk patients.

scholarly journals Risk factors for mortality, ICU admission and bacteremia in patients suspected of sepsis at the Emergency department. A prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentino D’Onofrio ◽  
Agnes Meersman ◽  
Sara Vijgen ◽  
Reinoud Cartuyvels ◽  
Peter Messiaen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Suspected Sepsis ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Prediction Of Prognosis

Abstract Background There is a clear need for a better assessment of independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality, ICU admission, and bacteremia in patients presenting with suspected sepsis at the ED. Methods A prospective observational cohort study including 1690 patients was performed. Two multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify independent risk factors. Results SOFA score of ≥2 and serum lactate of ≥2mmol/L were associated with all outcomes. Other independent risk factors were individual SOFA variables and SIRS variables but varied per outcome. MAP&lt;70 mmHg negatively impacted all outcomes. Conclusion These readily available measurements can help with early risk stratification and prediction of prognosis.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Association between Internet Usage and Overweight/Obesity: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey in Nepal

Sexes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
Juwel Rana ◽  
Md. Momin Islam ◽  
John Oldroyd ◽  
Nandeeta Samad ◽  
Rakibul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Obesity Interventions ◽  
Nationally Representative

Objective: To examine the associations between internet use and overweight/obesity in people aged 15–49 years in Nepal and the extent to which these associations differ by biological sex. Materials and methods: The study analyzed the nationally representative Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016 data. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the total effects of internet use (IU) in the last 12 months and frequency of internet use (FIU) in the last month on overweight/obesity adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Of the 10,380 participants, the prevalence of overweight/obesity by IU was 38% (95% confidence interval (CI): 35.9%, 40.1%) for males and 44.1% (95% CI: 41.6%, 46.6%) for female. The likelihood of overweight/obesity was significantly higher (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.55; 95% CI: 1.40, 1.73; p < 0.001) among those participants who used the internet compared to the participants who did not use the internet in the last 12 months. Similar associations were observed when using the augmented measure of exposure-FIU in the last month. We observed the modification effect of sex in the associations of IU (p-difference < 0.001) and FIU (p-difference < 0.002) with overweight/obesity in Nepal. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that future overweight/obesity interventions in Nepal discourage unnecessary internet use, particularly among males.

Abstract 17220: Risk Factors for Recurrent Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in 783 Women in California

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Punag Divanji ◽  
Gregory Nah ◽  
Ian Harris ◽  
Anu Agarwal ◽  
Nisha I Parikh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Grand Multiparity ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression

Introduction: Characterized by significant left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and clinical heart failure (HF), peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) has an incidence of approximately 1/2200 live births (0.04%). Prior studies estimate that approximately 25% of those with recovered LV function will have recurrent clinical PPCM during subsequent pregnancies, compared to 50% of those without recovered LV function. Specific predictors of recurrent PPCM have not been studied in cohorts with large numbers. Methods: From 2005-2011, we identified 1,872,227 pregnancies by International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) codes in the California Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) database, which captures over 95% of the California hospitalized population. Excluding 15,765 women with prior cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, stroke, HF, valve disease, or congenital heart disease), yielded n=1,856,462 women. Among women without prior cardiovascular disease, we identified index and subsequent pregnancies with PPCM to determine episodes of recurrent PPCM. We considered the following potential predictors of PPCM recurrence in both univariate and age-adjusted logistic regression models: age, race, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, chronic kidney disease, family history, pre-eclampsia, ectopic pregnancy, income, and insurance status. Results: In HCUP, n=783 women had pregnancies complicated by PPCM (mean age=30.8 years). Among these women, n=133 had a subsequent pregnancy (17%; mean age=28.1 years), with a mean follow-up of 4.34 years (±1.71 years). In this group of 133 subsequent pregnancies, n=14 (10.5%) were complicated by recurrent PPCM, with a mean time-to-event of 2.2 years (±1.89 years). Among the risk factors studied, the only univariate predictor of recurrent PPCM was grand multiparity, defined as ≥ 5 previous deliveries (odds ratio: 22; 95% confidence interval 4.43-118.22). The other predictors we studied were not significantly associated with recurrent PPCM in either univariate or multivariable models. Conclusion: In a large population database in California with 783 cases of PPCM over a 6-year period, 17% of women had a subsequent pregnancy, of which 10.5% had recurrent PPCM. In age-adjusted logistic regression models, grand multiparity was the only statistically significant predictor of recurrent PPCM.

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