Risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from poultry in Haryana

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kumar ◽  
R. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Colibacillosis is a disease of severe economic significance to all poultry producers worldwide, characterized by a diverse array of lesions. Due to enormous exploitation of antibiotics in broilers, an increased number of resistant bacterial strains have developed in recent years. 106 E. coli strains were collected from broilers suffering from colibacillosis. The resistance to different classes of antimicrobials was determined. The presence of integrons was determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). All the statistical analyses were carried out using STATA™. All the isolates were multidrug resistance (MDR), i.e. resistant to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories. 37 (34.90%) isolates were found positive for Class 1 integrons. There was significant difference in carriage of integrons in different phylogentic groups, p=0.001, however, there was no difference among different serotypes for carriage of integrons. Significant difference was observed for resistance towards co-trimoxazole (p=0.002), piperacillin (p=0.034) and ciprofloxacin (p=0.046) in Class 1 integron carrying isolates and Class 1 integron negative isolates. Significant difference was observed for resistance towards ceftriaxone (p=0.004) and cefotaxime (p=0.027) in relation to phylogenetic groups. Also, significant difference was observed among different serotypes for resistance towards co-trimoxazole (p=0.001), gentamicin (p=0.005) and kanamycin (p=0.041).

Phylogenetic group and serotype of E. coli isolates are important risk factors affecting intensity of colibacillosis in broilers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kumar ◽  
R. Gupta ◽  
N. Jindal and Y.C. Bangar
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Phylogenetic Group ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Class 1

The study was conducted on 106 E. coli isolates to determine the phylogenetic group, serotype and carriage of Class 1 integrons in isolates and ascertain their association along with other parameters with vital disease measures in broiler flocks affected with colibacillosis. Out of 32 isolates of which “O” antigen was characterized, serogroup O2 comprising of 12 (37.5%) isolates was most prevalent in the present study. Most of the isolates (85/106; 80.19%) belonged to phylogenetic group B2. Mean apparent morbidity, mortality and case fatality rate (CFR) were 3.77%, 2.32% and 61.49%, respectively. There was significant difference in number of outbreaks reported in different age groups (p less than 0.0001). Also, there was significant association between phylogenetic group and age of outbreak due to E. coli (p=0.024). Comparatively, no significant association was observed between age of outbreaks and serotypes (p=0.980). There was significant association between various disease measures and E. coli isolates affiliated to various phylogenetic groups and serotypes. All the measures (apparent morbidity, mortality and CFR) of disease were highest in outbreaks due to isolates of phylogenetic group B2 and serogroup O20. However, the measures were not significantly affected by the presence of integrons in the E. coli.

scholarly journals Detection of virulence genes and the phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli isolated from dogs in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Morcatti Coura ◽  
Amanda Nadia Diniz ◽  
Carlos Augusto Oliveira Junior ◽  
Andrey Pereira Lage ◽  
Francisco Carlos Faria Lobato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enterotoxin Genes ◽  
Virulence Factor Gene ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1

ABSTRACT: This study identified the virulence genes, pathovars, and phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli strains obtained from the feces of dogs with and without diarrhea. Virulence genes and phylogenetic group identification were studied using polymerase chain reaction. Thirty-seven E. coli isolates were positive for at least one virulence factor gene. Twenty-one (57.8%) of the positive isolates were isolated from diarrheal feces and sixteen (43.2%) were from the feces of non-diarrheic dogs. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) were the most frequently (62.2%) detected pathovar in dog feces and were mainly from phylogroup B1 and E. Necrotoxigenic E. coli were detected in 16.2% of the virulence-positive isolates and these contained the cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (cnf1) gene and were classified into phylogroups B2 and D. All E. coli strains were negative for the presence of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) enterotoxin genes, but four strains were positive for ETEC-related fimbriae 987P and F18. Two isolates were Shiga toxin-producing E. coli strains and contained the toxin genesStx2 or Stx2e, both from phylogroup B1. Our data showed that EPEC was the most frequent pathovar and B1 and E were the most common phylogroups detected in E. coli isolated from the feces of diarrheic and non-diarrheic dogs.

scholarly journals Diverse Escherichia coli pathovars of phylogroups B2 and D isolated from animals in Tunisia

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (07) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajer Kilani ◽  
Mohamed Salah Abbassi ◽  
Sana Ferjani ◽  
Rakia Ben Salem ◽  
Riadh Mansouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Relationship Of

Introduction: The virulent Escherichia coli strains responsible for extraintestinal infections were mainly belonged to B2 and D phylogroups. However, no past studies have determinate via the presence of virulence genes the frequency of E. coli pathovars recovered from animals housed in farms in Tunisia. The aims of this study were to investigate 26 E. coli isolated from healthy and diarrheic animals and to determinate via the presence of virulence genes the frequency of pathovars. Methodology: Twenty-six E. coli isolates of phylogroups B2 (n = 14), B22 (n = 9), B23 (n = 5), and D2 (n = 12) were characterized. Genes encoding virulence factors (fimH,eaeA,aggC,papC, papG allele III, hlyA, east1, cnf1, exhA,stx1, stx2, iutA, fyuA, ibeA,and ipaH), and antibiotic resistance as well as class 1 and 2 integrons were searched by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The genetic relationship of isolates was done by PFGE. Results: According to the occurrence of specific genes the 26 isolates were classified as:9 EAEC, 2 EHEC, 4 UPEC, 3 EPEC/EHEC and 1 NTEC. Therefore, 2 Ex-PEC and 5 APEC were presented amongst our strains. Some isolates (12) were clonal and the remaining was unrelated. Conclusions: Higher diversity of pathovars which carried diverse combinations of virulence genes in healthy isolates. In addition, it seems that the infections were caused by different mechanisms.

scholarly journals PHYLOGENETIC GROUP OF ESCHERICHIA COLI IN URINE OF CHILDREN ATTENDING A MATERNAL AND CHILD CENTRE, LAGOS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Anotu Mopelola Deji-Agboola ◽  
Esther Abieyuwa Utomwen ◽  
Olubunmi Adetokunbo Osinupebi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Phylogenetic Group ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Very High

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections causing significant morbidity in children. This study determines the phylogenetic group of Escherichia coli  isolated from the urine of children attending Maternal and Child Centre,  Amuwo-Odofin, Lagos State. Clean voided midstream urine sample collected  from 215 children aged five years and below . The urine samples were culture on Mac Conkey and blood agar, bacterial 5counts greater than or equal to 1 x 10CFU/ml were regarded as positive for UTI. Identification of isolates and antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using standard methods. Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to classify the isolated E. coli into A, B1, B2 and D phylogenetic groups using presence or absence of ChuA, Yja A and TspE4C2. The prevalence of UTI was 51.2% with preponderance in male 62.7% aged 24 – 35months 75.0%. Staphylococcus aureus 19.1% followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 12.7% and Escherichia coli10.0% were common bacterial isolates. The isolates were highly resistant to Augmentin (71.8%) and Ampicillin 91.8%; the Escherichia coli were resistant to Augmentin 54.5% and Ampicillin 100%. The E. coli were classed into B1,A, and D phylogenetic groups with percentages of 54.5%27.3% and 18.2% respectively. , The prevalence of bacteria UTI among children in this study was very high, the isolates were highly resistant to the antibiotics tested, the E.coli belong to phylogenetic groups A, B1 and D and all were resistant to Ampicillin.

scholarly journals On-column Refolding of an Insoluble His6-tagged Recombinant EC-SOD Overexpressed in Escherichia coli

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi-Qiang Zhu ◽  
Su-Xia Li ◽  
Hua-Jun He ◽  
Qin-Sheng Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Expression Plasmid ◽  
Protein Subunits ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Metal Affinity ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Escherichia Coli Expression

Abstract The EC-SOD cDNA was cloned by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and inserted into the Escherichia coli expression plasmid pET-28a(+) and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). The corresponding protein that was overexpressed as a recombinant His6-tagged EC-SOD was present in the form of inactive inclusion bodies. This structure was first solubilized under denaturant conditions (8.0 M urea). Then, after a capture step using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), a gradual refolding of the protein was performed on-column using a linear urea gradient from 8.0 M to 1.5 M in the presence of glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). The mass ratio of GSH to GSSG was 4:1. The purified enzyme was active, showing that at least part of the protein was properly refolded. The protein was made concentrated by ultrafiltration, and then isolated using Sephacryl S-200 HR. There were two protein peaks in the A280 profile. Based on the results of electrophoresis, we concluded that the two fractions were formed by protein subunits of the same mass, and in the fraction where the molecular weight was higher, the dimer was formed through the disulfide bond between subunits. Activities were detected in the two fractions, but the activity of the dimer was much higher than that of the single monomer. The special activities of the two fractions were found to be 3475 U/mg protein and 510 U/mg protein, respectively.

scholarly journals Occurrence of toxigenic Escherichia coli in raw milk cheese in Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 508-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.R. Paneto ◽  
R.P. Schocken-Iturrino ◽  
C. Macedo ◽  
E. Santo ◽  
J.M. Marin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Raw Milk Cheese

The occurrence of toxigenic Escherichia coli in raw milk cheese was surveyed in Middle Western Brazil. Fifty samples of cheese from different supermarkets were analyzed for E.coli. The isolates were serotyped and screened for the presence of verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The susceptibility to thirteen antimicrobial agents was evaluated by the disk diffusion method. E.coli were recovered from 48 (96.0%) of the samples. The serogroups identified were O125 (6.0%), O111 (4.0%), O55 (2.0%) and O119 (2.0%). Three (6.0%) and 1(2.0%) of the E.coli isolates were VTEC and ETEC, respectively. Most frequent resistance was observed to the following antimicrobials: cephalothin (60.0%), nalidixic acid (40.0%), doxycyclin (33.0%), tetracycline (31.0%) and ampicillin (29.0%).

scholarly journals Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Correlation of Salmonella Serovars Recovered from Greyhound Feces with Their Diet

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory G. Stone ◽  
M. M. Chengappa ◽  
Richard D. Oberst ◽  
Nathan H. Gabbert ◽  
Scott McVey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Fecal Material ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Antigenic Analysis ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Salmonella Serovars

The polymerase chain reaction was employed to correlate Salmonella serovars isolated from fecal material of greyhounds suffering from gastroenteritis with those isolated from the diet fed to the greyhounds prior to onset of diarrhea. Kennels around the Abilene, Kansas, area were contacted and supplied with materials needed to collect a portion of the diet each day. With t e onset of diarrhea, the kennels were instructed to ship the fecal material and diet from the previous 10 days to the laboratory for testing. Forty-one fecal samples and corresponding diets were screened for Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, Campylobacterjejuni, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius, and pathogenic (piliated) Escherichia coli by direct culture using standard procedures. The fecal material was also screened for coronavirus and parvovirus using electron microscopy. Thirty-five “normal” fecal samples were screened for all of the above mentioned microorganisms as a control. In addition, the fecal material was screened for E. coli verotoxins I and II and clostridial enterotoxins. A total of 61 Salmonella isolates were recovered from the 41 samples of feces and diet submitted for testing; 31 were recovered from the feces and 30 from the diet. Four Salmonella isolates were recovered from the normal fecal samples. Results obtained by PCR, plasmid profiles, antigenic analysis, and antibiogram profiles indicated that 16 of the 31 isolates recovered from the fecal material were the same strain as that recovered from the diet.

scholarly journals Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Identification of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Strains

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Osek
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system was developed for identification of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains and to differentiate them from other gram negative enteric bacteria. This test simultaneously amplifies heat-labile (LTI) and heat-stable (STI and STII) toxin sequences and the E. coli-specific universal stress protein ( uspA). The specificity of the method was validated by single PCR tests performed with the reference E. coli and non- E. coli strains and with bacteria isolated from pig feces. The multiplex PCR allowed the rapid and specific identification of enterotoxin-positive E. coli and may be used as a method for direct determination of ETEC and to differentiate them from other E. coli and gram-negative enteric isolates.

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