Ultrasonographic and pathological findings of grade III cervico vaginal prolapse in a pregnant buffalo

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Kumar Ahuja ◽  
Sumit Singhal ◽  
Randhir Singh ◽  
Siddhartha Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Vaginal Prolapse ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Circular Layer ◽  
Tunica Muscularis ◽  
Histopathological Investigation ◽  
Grade Iii

The present study records ultrasonographic (USG) and pathological findings of grade III cervico vaginal prolapse in a buffalo. There was a rare involvement of urinary bladder and intestines in the prolapsed mass. Urinary bladder appeared as anechoic region surrounded by hyperechoic circumferential, whereas intestines appeared as brief hypoechoic area in USG. Intriguingly, the histopathological investigation correspondingly showed marked discontinuation of uterine musculature especially of inner circular layer of tunica muscularis. Hyaline degeneration characterized by swollen and eosinophilic fibres and early necrobiotic changes characterized by few mononuclear cells infilteration.

Pathological Findings After Preoperative Irradiation for Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder

Radiology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Peeples ◽  
Anas M. El-Mahdi ◽  
Paul F. Schellhammer ◽  
Leopoldo Ladaga
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Preoperative Irradiation ◽  
Pathological Findings

scholarly journals New Murine Model for the Study of Chlamydia trachomatis Genitourinary Tract Infections in Males

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 4210-4216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukumar Pal ◽  
Ellena M. Peterson ◽  
Luis M. de la Maza
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Genitourinary Tract ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT The lack of an experimental model has significantly limited the understanding of the pathogenesis of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in males. In an attempt to establish a model using the natural route of infection, we inoculated male mice in the meatus urethra. To establish the 50% infectious dose (ID50), C3H/HeN (H-2k ) male mice were inoculated in the meatus urethra with doses ranging from 101 to 107 inclusion-forming units (IFU) of C. trachomatis mouse pneumonitis biovar (MoPn) and were euthanized at 10 days postinfection (p.i.). Approximately 50% of the animals inoculated with 5 × 104 IFU had positive cultures of the urethra, urinary bladder, epididymides, and/or testes. Subsequently, to characterize the course of the infection, a group of animals was inoculated with 106 IFU/mouse (20 times the ID50). Positive cultures from the urethra, urinary bladder, epididymides, and testes were obtained from the animals. The infection peaked in the first 2 weeks p.i. and subsequently declined over the 7 weeks of observation. C. trachomatis-specific antibodies were first detected in serum by 2 weeks p.i. and rose over the period of observation. The titers of immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) were 16-fold higher than those of IgG1. A lymphoproliferative assay using splenocytes and local lymph nodes showed a strong cell-mediated immune response. Levels of gamma interferon were significantly higher than those of interleukin-4 in the supernatants from stimulated lymphocytes. An acute inflammatory infiltrate consisting of polymorphonuclear leukocytes was detected in the urethra at 1 week p.i. At 3 weeks p.i., a mixed acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrate was observed in the urethra that by 5 to 6 weeks was mainly composed of mononuclear cells. Similar findings were also observed in the urinary bladder, although the inflammatory infiltrate was delayed by approximately a week relative to that in the urethra. Sections of the epididymides showed a focal acute inflammatory infiltrate at 2 weeks p.i. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated multiple chlamydial inclusions in the epithelium of the urethra and urinary bladder. No chlamydial inclusions were observed in the epididymides or testes. In conclusion, inoculation of male mice in the meatus urethra with C. trachomatis MoPn results in an infection of the genitourinary tract that closely parallels that described in humans. This model should help to characterize the pathogenesis of chlamydial infections in males and to test therapeutic and preventive measures.

scholarly journals Hair Follicle Nevus with Sebaceous Hyperplasia: A Dermoscopic Observation

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutoshi Harada ◽  
Yuichiro Kato ◽  
Yukihiko Kato ◽  
Ryoji Tsuboi
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
The Face ◽  
Diagnostic Usefulness ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Histopathological Investigation

We herein report a case of hair follicle nevus, a rare hamartoma found on the face and showing follicular differentiation, which was associated with sebaceous hyperplasia. Dermoscopy of the lesion showed yellow globules surrounded by crown vessels/telangiectasias and scattered tiny hairs. Histopathological investigation revealed hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands and proliferation of well-differentiated vellus hair follicles. These pathological findings were thought to correspond to the yellowish globules and tiny hairs observed under dermoscopy. Hair follicle nevus associated with sebaceous hyperplasia is extremely rare; however, dermoscopic examination can suggest an appropriate diagnosis. The present case proved the diagnostic usefulness of dermoscopy for cutaneous tumors with hair follicular and sebaceous glandular differentiation.

Lymphodepletion Followed by Donor Lymphocyte Infusions (DLI) Causes Significantly More Acute Graft Versus Host Disease Than DLI Alone.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 260-260
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Miller ◽  
Daniel J. Weisdorf ◽  
Linda J. Burns ◽  
Arne Slungaard ◽  
John E. Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Acute Gvhd ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Remission Induction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immune Reactivity ◽  
Cell Dose ◽  
Grade Iii ◽  
Donor Lymphocyte Infusions

Abstract Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) can produce lasting remissions in patients with relapsed CML after allogeneic HCT, but are less effective in other non-CML diseases. We hypothesized that in vivo expansion of DLI may enhance their anti-leukemia effects. Mouse adoptive transfer experiments show that up-front lymphodepletion improves in vivo lymphocyte expansion by providing lymphoid space, eliminating host anti-donor immune reactivity and by decreasing competition for growth factors that promote lymphocyte expansion. In this clinical trial, lymphodepletion was achieved with IV cyclophosphamide (Cy) 50 mg/kg once on day −6 and fludarabine (Flu) 25 mg/m2 for five consecutive days (−6 to −2), a regimen we have shown previously to result in an in vivo surge of IL-15. DLI was given 48 hours after the last Flu dose and consisted of mononuclear cells (adjusted to a T-cell dose of 1 x 108/kg). Fifteen patients with relapsed non-CML disease received Cy/Flu/DLI as their first treatment of relapse between 2004 and 2006. CML patients who received the same cell dose (n=28) or non-CML patients (n=35) who received a higher dose consisting of 3 daily lymphapheresis products treated from 1993–2003 were used as controls. Since there was no difference in GVHD rates between CML and non-CML patients, they were grouped together as one control group. While most control patients did not have significant leukocytopenia and were treated as outpatients, the patients receiving Cy/Flu/DLI all became lymphopenic and neutropenic by the time DLI were infused and were treated in the hospital. Patients who received Cy/Flu/DLI developed significantly more overall (60% vs. 24%, P=0.01) and grade III-IV acute GVHD (47% vs. 14%, P= 0.01) compared to controls. The interval from DLI to grade III-IV GVHD was modestly shorter in Cy/Flu/DLI patients compared to controls (mean = 17 days vs. 34 days; P=.19). In Cy/Flu/DLI patients, blood lymphocytes were collected before and at 14 days, 28 days, and 2 months after DLI for immunophenotyping. Proliferating T-cells, as measured by expression of the Ki67 marker, were significantly increased 14 days after DLI (10.3±2.8%) compared to baseline pre-DLI (1.6±0.6%, P=0.012), and were already returning to baseline levels 28 days after DLI (3.5±1.2%, P=0.19). Despite aggressive therapy, 4 of the 7 patients who developed grade III-IV GVHD died from complications of GVHD, suggesting that Cy/Flu/DLI induces immune activation that is sufficiently potent to enhance toxicity. Therefore, a decreased DLI dose (half) is currently being used in subsequent patients. These data show “proof of concept” that DLI following lymphodepleting chemotherapy leads to in vivo lymphocyte expansion and results in more severe GVHD than when giving patients DLI alone. The ability of lymphodepletion to enhance the immune effects of DLI is promising if alloreactivity correlates with remission induction. This strategy warrants further study to understand if the increased severity of acute GVHD leads to more complete or prolonged disease control and whether the immune activation can be controlled with lower cell doses.

scholarly journals Utility of Exfoliative Cytology of Voided Urine in Comparison with Ultrasonogram and Cystoscopy Findings in the Diagnosis of Urothelial Cancers

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
SM Badruddoza ◽  
FA Azim ◽  
AJE Nahar Rahman ◽  
M Kamal ◽  
AR Barua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Urine Cytology ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Invasive Carcinomas ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Grade Iii

Carcinoma of the urinary bladder affects men more often than women and occurs in patients over the age of 50 years. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) comprises about 90% of all primary tumor of urinary bladder. In this study a total of 57 cases were taken. The aim of the study was to establish diagnostic role of voided urine cytology, ultrasonography and cystoscopy in urothelial cancers. Out of 57 cases, cytological diagnosis was positive in 53 cases (93%) and negative in 4 cases (7%). There were no atypical or suspicious cases. Of the total cases, cytology was negative only in 7% cases. Among 42 invasive carcinomas 14 (33%) grade III invasive flat carcinoma, one (2%) invasive papillary adenocarcinoma and two (5%) invasive squamous cell carcinoma, each of them gave 100% positive cytology. Of the remaining 25 (60%) invasive papillary TCC, 21 were in grade II and 4 were in grade III. They gave 90% and 100% positive cytologic results. Ultrasonogram of urinary bladder gave 95% (approx.) positive results and out of 57 cases, 3 cases failed to give positive results in ultrasonogram (USG) of the urinary tract. Cystoscopy detected tumor mass in 98% cases and it gave false negative result in 2% cases. Fifty-two tumors had a diameter ranging 1.1- 6 cm. Single lesions were seen in 40 cases, double lesion in one case and multiple in 13 cases. The probability of later invasive carcinomas nearly tripled in-patients with multiple lesions on presentation (13.6%) compared with those who presented with a single lesion (4.6%). Consistent with previously published data, this study showed the highest diagnostic accuracy with high-grade tumors and lowest with low-grade tumors. So in a proper clinical setting, non-invasive technique like voided urine cytology and ultrasonography could be done as a first line cost effective method in the diagnosis of urothelial cancers.TAJ 2017; 30(2): 39-46

scholarly journals Vaginal prolapse with urinary bladder incarceration and consecutive irreducible rectal prolapse in a dog

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciprian-Andrei Ober ◽  
Cosmin Petru Peștean ◽  
Lucia Victoria Bel ◽  
Marian Taulescu ◽  
Cornel Cătoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Rectal Prolapse ◽  
Vaginal Prolapse

scholarly journals PSITTACOSIS

1931 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Rivers ◽  
G. P. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Test Animal ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
Fatty Livers ◽  
First Time

The work presented in this communication concerning psittacosis in mice confirms Krumwiede's observations that mice inoculated intraperitoneally with emulsified livers and spleens containing the virus develop the disease and that the malady can in this way be passed serially through a number of mice. Furthermore, it has been shown that mice are susceptible to the virus administered intracerebrally and that the active agent can be propagated indefinitely by means of brain to brain inoculations. Moreover, by the use of mice, the presence of the virus of psittacosis in the sputum of a patient with the disease has for the first time been demonstrated. It follows that the mouse is available for diagnostic purposes. The pathological findings in infected mice consist of enlarged fatty livers that frequently show areas of necrosis infiltrated with polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells; enlarged spleens with areas of necrosis and cellular infiltrations involving the pulp and lymphoid follicles; and, finally, in intracerebrally infected animals, a meningoencephalitis. The "minute bodies" described by other observers were not found in all animals, but they were seen with sufficient frequency in smears of peritoneal and meningeal exudates and in smears and sections of livers and spleens to demand serious consideration as the possible etiological agent of the disease. Neutralizing and protective antibodies were not found in convalescent human sera when the mouse was used as the test animal.

Autoantibody and Biopsy Grading Are Associated with Expression of ICAM-1, MMP-3, and TRAIL in Salivary Gland Mononuclear Cells of Chinese Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
WEI-SHENG CHEN ◽  
KUAN-CHIA LIN ◽  
CHUN-HSIUNG CHEN ◽  
HSIEN-TZUNG LIAO ◽  
HON-PIN WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Sjögren’S Syndrome ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Sjögren's Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren's Syndrome ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Grade Iii ◽  
Sjögren‘S Syndrome

Objective.Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease. We investigated important factors associated with the expression of inflammation-related molecules in minor salivary gland (MSG) mononuclear cells in patients with SS.Methods.Thirty-four patients with SS with a MSG biopsy grading of either grade III (10 patients) or grade IV (24 patients) were enrolled. The age, sex, autoantibodies, cell infiltration, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), or CXCR3 expression were also analyzed.Results.Ten of the 34 patients with SS were diagnosed with secondary SS; in these patients, the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis was confirmed in 8 and systemic lupus erythematosus in 2. TRAIL and ICAM-1 were overexpressed in patients with antinuclear antibodies (ANA) > 1:160, compared to those with titer < 1:160 (45.1 ± 4.4 vs 41.2 ± 3.9, p = 0.021, and 15.2 ± 5.7 vs 10.8 ± 3.3, p = 0.018, respectively). Higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; ≥ 20) was associated with higher TRAIL expression and CD20 cell infiltration in contrast to lower ESR (< 20; p < 0.05). ICAM-1, TRAIL, and MMP-3 were expressed more predominantly in anti-SSA-positive than in anti-SSA-negative patients with SS. There was a significant difference in CD20 cell infiltration and MMP-3 expression between primary SS and secondary SS. Biopsy of a grade IV showed a significantly increased expression of TRAIL (44.9 ± 4.5 vs 40.8 ± 3.6, p = 0.013) and MMP-3 (62.7 ± 6.3 vs 54.4 ± 7.3, p = 0.003) in mononuclear cells as compared to those of grade III.Conclusion.In our study, pathologic grading with a higher grade (grade IV) and the presence of SSA or a higher titer of ANA were significantly associated with the overexpression of TRAIL, MMP-3, or ICAM-1 in the salivary gland mononuclear cells in patients with SS.

scholarly journals RT-05 THE RESULTS OF GAMMA KNIFE RADIOSURGERY WITH BEVACIZUMAB (AVAGAMMA THERAPY) FOR RECURRENT GRADE II/III GLIOMAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii21-ii21
Author(s):  
Taku Asanome ◽  
Kenichi Sato ◽  
Masami Takanashi ◽  
Yoshimaru Ozaki ◽  
Yusuke Kinoshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Salvage Therapy ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Mutant Type ◽  
Idh Mutations ◽  
Second Surgery ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Grade Iii

Abstract BACKGROUND For primary grade II/III glioma, we usually combine radiation therapy and chemotherapy after surgical resection. However, the treatment of recurrent grade II/III glioma is controversial. For lesions that can be safely resected, the second surgery may be optimal, but grade II/III glioma often occurs in or near the eloquent areas, so partial resection is often performed. In such cases, if a second surgery for the recurrent tumor is performed, total resection is often difficult. We have performed gamma knife radiosurgery with concurrent bevacizumab (GKRS with Bev) as salvage therapy for recurrent grade II/III gliomas, which were considered difficult to resect. OBJECTIVE To investigate the outcome of GKRS with Bev for recurrent grade II/III gliomas. &lt;Methods&gt; We retrospectively reviewed initial pathological findings, PFS/OS from GKRS with Bev, and OS from initial treatment for 23 cases receiving GKRS with Bev for recurrent grade II/III gliomas at our institution between August 2013 and March 2019. RESULTS In the initial pathological findings, grade II were 8 cases (DA: 7, OD: 1), and grade III were 15 cases (AA: 14, AOA: 1). Regarding IDH mutations, in grade II, 3 cases were mutant type, 2 cases were wild type, and 3 cases were unknown. Similarly, in grade III, 5, 6, and 4 cases, respectively. From salvage therapy, PFS was median 6 months in grade II and 8 months in grade III, and OS was median 11 months in grade II and 16 months in grade III. From the initial treatment, OS was median 95 months in grade II, and 38 months in grade III. CONCLUSION Because most of our cases were astrocytic tumors, when they relapsed, it seemed that some of them progressed to glioblastoma. Even in these severe cases, GKRS with Bev can play an important role as salvage therapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document