Effect of Differential Responses of Weed Infestation on Shoot Functional Traits of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Background: Shoot functional traits that help the plant to increase its competitive ability, mechanical strength and allocation of photosynthetic products and nutrients from soils in shoot formation strengthens the plant growth. To understand the complexity of weed-crop competition via plant functional traits might be a feasible option and that can provide a better understanding of weed ecology. Methods: Present study was designed to understand the performance of wheat crop under weed infestation (Avena and Phalaris combination) during each rabi season of 2014-2017 at the experimental enclosure of Panjab University, Chandigarh. This experiment was established with water and fertilizer treatments following the Latin Square Matrix (LSM) model. Result: Results indicated that under a different mixed combination of weeds, growth parameters of wheat crop such as shoot functional traits were significantly distinguishable. However, the maximum differential response in corresponding parameters was found under combination when the wheat was grown in mixed with both the weeds and when full doses of fertilizers and water were applied. This finding now confirms that these weeds have much more inclination to exploit available resources and provide a high degree of inter-specific competition to the wheat crop.

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Synergistic effect of weeds extracts on growth parameters of three different cultivars of wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.)

International Journal of Biosciences (IJB) ◽

10.12692/ijb/15.1.56-65 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Wheat Crop

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Weed infestation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under the conditions of application of some retardants

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2013.030 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 137-148

Author(s):

Elżbieta Harasim ◽

Marian Wesołowski

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Chlormequat Chloride ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Winter Wheat Crop ◽

Density And Biomass

A field study was conducted in the period 2004–2007 on grey-brown podzolic soil (sandy). This study analysed the relationship between the use of stem shortening in cereals by means of retardants with the following active substances: chlormequat chloride (Antywylegacz Płynny 675 SL), trinexapac-ethyl (Moddus 250 EC), chlormequat chloride + ethephon (Cecefon 465 SL), and weed infestation. The retardants were applied at the 1st node stage (BBCH 31 – Antywylegacz Płynny 675 SL) and the 2nd node stage of winter wheat (BBCH 32 – Moddus 250 EC and Cecefon 465 SL), together with the adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC (75% of SN 200 mineral oil) or without the adjuvant. Winter wheat, cv. 'Muza', was grown after vetch grown for seed. The whole experiment was sprayed with the herbicides Apyros 75 WG and Starane 250 EC at the full tillering stage (BBCH 29–30). Plots where no growth regulators were used were the control treatment.Weed density and biomass showed great variation between years. In the winter wheat crop, Veronica persica, Viola arvensis, Veronica arvensis, Capsella bursa-pastoris,and Chenopodium album dominated in the dicotyledonous class, whereas Apera spica-venti, Echinochloa crus-galli,and Elymus repens were predominant among monocotyledonous plants. The level of weed infestation of the winter wheat crop, as measured by the number and air-dry weight of weeds, was significantly differentiated by years and retardants used as well as by interactions of these factors. The adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC did not have a significant effect on the above-mentioned weed infestation parameters..

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Efficiency of dual inoculation by Glomus mosseae and Azotobacter chroococcum on growth, productivity of some wheat)Triticum aestivum L.( recombinations

Journal of Biotechnology Research Center ◽

10.24126/jobrc.2014.8.3.346 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 11-17

Author(s):

Mohammed Mohei Salih ◽

Hadi Mehdi Aboud ◽

Neda Sallom Mohammed ◽

Hadi Madi Sarheed ◽

Mustafa Eubaid Ayed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glomus Mosseae ◽

Genetic Recombination ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Average Weight ◽

Different Response

This investigation was conducted to determine the response of 24 genetic recombination of wheat crop to bioinoculation with mixture of Glomus mosseae (Nicolson&Trappe.) Gerd&Trappe 250 spores/gram soil and 10ml (107cfu/ml) of Azotobacter chroococcum /0.5meter seeded line. Treatments were distributed in randomly block design with three replicates on 2010-2011growing season. Growth parameters: Percentage of germination, flowering after 106 days of germination, Maturity after 130 days of cultivation, Number of branches after 126 days of cultivation, dry weight of vegetative growth, number of spikes in the line, number of grains per spike, average weight of 1000 grain, and total weight of seeds in the line were taken. Results revealed different response of the tested recombinations for biofertilizers effects.The recombination wahat al Iraq, Babil, M707, Mexipaq, Furat, Dijla, Um-rabee, Tamose2, Tamose3, Ure, M619B, M613, M606, M615A, M630, M621, and Noor reveald significant increasing differences in most growth and productivity parameters specialy Wahat al Iraq, M707, Mexipaq, M613 which recorded yield increament at 96,89,59,57% respectively,while the recombination Tellaafar3, Adnaaia, Medaaen , M612, M633A, M615B, M633B showed negative response and recorded reduction percentages 10,15 ,4 ,12 ,9,45,24% as comparison with control respectively.

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Effects of Sowing Dates and Weed Management on Weed Growth and Nutrients Depletion by Weeds and Uptake by Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Under Shiwalik Foothills Plains of Jammu

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v50i2.54087 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 311-318

Author(s):

Neetu Sharma ◽

Anil Kumar ◽

BC Sharma ◽

Rakesh Kumar ◽

Akhil Verma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Nutrient Depletion ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Weed Growth ◽

Sowing Dates

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of sowing dates and weed management practices on weed growth and nutrients depletion by weeds and uptake by wheat. The results revealed that crop sown on 15th November significantly reduced the weed density and its dry matter was compared to crop sown on 25th December. Among weed management treatments, ready mix application of sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron at 30 g/ha + 2 g/ha followed by metribuzin (210 g/ha) showed significantly lowest density and dry weight of weeds. Wheat crop sown on 15th November showed significantly lowest nutrient depletion by weeds and highest yield, nutrients uptake by wheat crop. Significantly lowest nutrient depletion by weeds, highest growth parameters, yield attributes, yield and nutrient uptake by wheat crop were recorded with the ready mix application of sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron at 30 g/ha + 2 g/ha. Regression equation revealed that unit increase in the weed control efficiency increased the grain yield by 25.56 kg/ha. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 311-318, 2021 (June)

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Novel hypergravity treatment enhances root phenotype and positively influences physio-biochemical parameters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94771-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Basavalingayya K. Swamy ◽

Ravikumar Hosamani ◽

Malarvizhi Sathasivam ◽

S. S. Chandrashekhar ◽

Uday G. Reddy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Hormonal Changes ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Living Organisms ◽

Physiological Benefits

AbstractHypergravity—an evolutionarily novel environment has been exploited to comprehend the response of living organisms including plants in the context of extra-terrestrial applications. Recently, researchers have shown that hypergravity induces desired phenotypic variability in seedlings. In the present study, we tested the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable phenotype/s for potential terrestrial crop improvement applications. To investigate, bread wheat seeds (UAS-375 genotype) were subjected to hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12, and 24 h), and evaluated for seedling vigor and plant growth parameters in both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. It was also attempted to elucidate the associated biochemical and hormonal changes at different stages of vegetative growth. Resultant data revealed that hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12 h) significantly enhanced root length, root volume, and root biomass in response to hypergravity. The robust seedling growth phenotype may be attributed to increased alpha-amylase and TDH enzyme activities observed in seeds treated with hypergravity. Elevated total chlorophyll content and Rubisco (55 kDa) protein expression across different stages of vegetative growth in response to hypergravity may impart physiological benefits to wheat growth. Further, hypergravity elicited robust endogenous phytohormones dynamics in root signifying altered phenotype/s. Collectively, this study for the first time describes the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable root phenotype that could be potentially exploited for improving wheat varieties for better water usage management.

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Spring wheat yield (Triticum aestivum L.) when applying selenium fertilizers in extreme growing conditions

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/843/1/012038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 843 (1) ◽

pp. 012038

Author(s):

I I Seregina ◽

I G Makarskaya ◽

A S Tsygutkin ◽

I V Kirichkova

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Water Supply ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Sodium Selenite ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Positive Effect

Abstract To study the effect of sodium Selenite application different methods on the yield of spring wheat varieties, depending on the conditions of water supply, a series of vegetation experiments in accordance with the methodology were carried out. The object of the study is spring wheat of the Zlata variety (Triticum aestivum L.). It was found that the effect of selenium on the yield of wheat of the Zlata variety depended on the method of its application and the conditions of water supply. With optimal water supply, the positive effect of selenium on the yield of spring wheat plants was revealed with both methods of applying sodium selenite. It was found that in conditions of drought, the positive effect of selenium was obtained with both methods of using sodium selenite. The greatest efficiency of selenium is obtained in foliar processing of plants. The increase in grain weight in this variant was 1.4 times. The increase in the share of the agronomic significant part of the wheat crop yield to 36% is shown, which indicates the decrease in the negative effect of drought on the formation of spring wheat yield when using foliar processing of plants.

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Effects of Organic Manure Source and Weeding Frequencies on Growth Parameters of Jute Mallow (Corchorus olitorious)

Asian Soil Research Journal ◽

10.9734/asrj/2020/v4i230090 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 28-36

Author(s):

M. M. Olorukooba ◽

R. Suleiman ◽

O. Olukotun ◽

R. Mohammed ◽

E. Apene ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Field Trials ◽

Organic Manure ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Experimental Treatments

Field trials were carried out during 2018 and during 2019 dry season periods at Federal College of Forestry and Mechanization Afaka Kaduna, located between latitude 10° 35”N and longitude 007° 21”E at altitude 644 m above sea level, to determine the effects of organic manure source and weeding frequencies on growth parameters of jute mallow (Corchorus olitorious). The experimental treatments consists of ten combinations of poultry manure + weed free, cow dung + weed free, goat dropping + weed free, poultry manure + weeding at 2 WAT, cow dung + weeding at 2 WAT, goat dropping + weeding at 2 WAT, poultry manure + weeding at 4 WAT, cow dung + weeding at 4 WAT, goat dropping + weeding at 4 WAT and no organic manure application + no weeding which were laid out in a randomize complete block design (RCBD) and replicated 3 times The growth parameters observed and measured were crop vigour score, plant height, shoot diameter, number of leaves and number of primary branches. Result of the study showed that at harvest (8 WAT) all the treatments significantly affected the vigour of jute mallow crop and gave comparable score than the least observed with no nutrient + no weeding as control. The result revealed that plant growth at harvest exhibited significantly taller plant with application of poultry manure + weeding at 2 WAT. In conclusion the result obtained from the study showed that poultry manure at 4 tons /ha + weeding at 4 WAT resulted in taller plant height, wider shoot diameter, increased number of leaves, number of branches than all other treatment due to lower weed infestation, it is therefore recommended as the best treatment combination to obtained the best growth rate of jute mallow.

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Effects of Mono-Ammonium Phosphate and K-Humate Applications on Grain Yield and Phosphorus Uptake Efficiency of Bread Wheat Crop (Triticum aestivum L.)

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2020/v32i1230353 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 52-61

Author(s):

Ahmed M. Yossif ◽

Sait Gezgin

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Ammonium Phosphate ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Uptake Efficiency ◽

Basic Reaction ◽

Dry Conditions

Study was aimed to determine the effect of mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP, NH4H2PO4) and K-Humate application on grain yield and grain phosphorus uptake efficiency which applied on Central Anatolian calcareous and basic reaction soil. The research was conducted at Bahri Dağdaş Agricultural Research Institute field in dry conditions during 2018 - 19 to determine the effect of phosphorus doses @ 0, 17.5 and 35.0 kg ha-1 and K-Humate @ 0 and 12 kg ha-1 on Bayraktar 2000 variety of bread wheat crop grain yield, agronomic (AE), physiological (PE) and apparent recovery (AR) phosphorus uptake efficiency. Results of the research revealed that increased phosphorus rate, enhances grain yield and amount of grain phosphorus uptake increase, while the grain AE, PE and AR were decreasing significantly. Additionally, with the K-Humate application with respect to control, the grain yield was positively affected in P0 and P17.5, while the grain phosphorus uptake amount was increased by 13%, in the P35 application the grain yield and the grain phosphorus uptake amount decreased by 9% and 5% respectively. In another direction, with the K-Humate application depending on control, in P17.5 application grain AE and AR were increased by 13% and 12% respectively, while grain PE decreased by 54%. Besides, with the K-Humate application according to control and in the P35 application grain AE, PE and AR were decreased by 66%, 51% and 40% respectively.

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